Harlem, New York: bayanin da kuma sake dubawa

Yankin New York na Harlem yana rufe cikin asirin, dabaru da kuma ra'ayoyi. Amma birnin yana tasowa, canzawa, wannan yana nunawa a Harlem. Bari muyi magana game da tarihin da siffofin wannan yanki. Abin da ke da kyau a gani da abin da za ku ji tsoron masu yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Harlem (New York).

Tarihin Tarihi

Harlem (New York), wanda tarihinsa ya koma karni na 17, ya kasance wani ƙananan ƙauyen da mazauna daga Holland suka halitta. Tun shekaru da yawa, 'Yan asalin ƙasar Indiyawa na kabilar Lenape suna ci gaba da kaiwa Holland. Lokacin da Indiyawa suka rabu da ita, ƙauyen ya fara girma sosai. A karshen karni na 18, a ƙarshen yakin basasa, Harlem, kamar dukan New York, yana fuskantar farfadowar tattalin arziki. An gina sabon gidaje a nan, an bude kamfanoni. Masu ziyara sun shiga birnin. Tun da Harlem wani yanki ne mai ban sha'awa, a nan akwai mutanen da aka haife su da Yahudanci da Italiyanci, kuma kananan kabilun Negro sun bayyana.

A farkon karni na 20, taro masu yawa daga kudanci suka gudu zuwa New York, neman aikin da kariya daga zalunci. Na gode wa ayyukan mai kyaftin Philippe Payton, yawancin baƙi sun zauna a cikin gidaje masu tarin yawa a yankin. Wani sabon gaskiyar da sauri ya bayyana. Dukan Amirkawa sun san, Harlem (New York) wani gundumar "baƙar fata", kuma babu wani abu da ya yi da farin.

By 1930, adadin baki a wannan wuri ya kai 70%. Shekaru 20 ana kira Harlem Golden Age, al'adu na musamman suna tasowa a nan, sai jazz ya bayyana, wanda ya sanya yankin ya zama sanannen wurin murnar birnin. Amma da farko na Babban Mawuyacin hali, yawancin mazaunin Harlem sun rasa aikinsu, kuma gundumar ta zama gari mai laifi a birnin. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, mazaunan gida sun kashe fiye da sau daya, suna buƙatar cewa mayoralty ya sanya tituna da gidaje don tsari. A ƙarshen 1970, dalibai sun fara zama a nan, gundumar ta fara zama wuri mai ban sha'awa.

A Harlem, babu wata damuwa game da yawan mutanen baki, amma gundumar ta kasance cibiyar siyasa ta Afrika ta Amirka. A ƙarshen karni na 20, Harhem ya zaba ta hanyar bohemia, kuma an sake samar da rayuwa mai ban mamaki. Yau yankin yana da mutunci sosai, akwai abubuwan jan hankali da wurare masu nishaɗi.

Geography

Harlem (New York), wanda bayanin da muke wakilta, yana cikin Upper Manhattan. Kan iyakokinta suna gudana tare da kogunan Kogin Yamma da Hudson, a kan tituna 110, 155 da 5 Avenue. A Harlem, akwai ƙananan kananan yankuna uku: Tsakiyar tsakiya, da ke kallon Kudancin Tsakiya, da Yamma da Gabas, wanda ake kira Mutanen Espanya wani lokaci.

Gine-gine

A ƙarshen karni na 19, Harlem (New York), wanda hotunansa ya yi ban sha'awa sosai a yau, ya sami kwarewa. Dukkan tituna a yammacin wurin shakatawa suna gina gidaje masu brick 3-6-storey. A yau, ana gina gine-gine na garin Harlem ta hanyar samar da su tare da gidaje mai mahimmanci. Akwai mashahuran gine-gine mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, majami'u masu kyau. Gina na gida yana kare ruhun farkon karni na 20, lokacin da jazz ya ragu kuma Charleston ya rawace.

A yankin da ya kamata ku ga gina ginin karni na 19 tare da Lenox Avenue, 122 da 123 tituna. Harlem ne da gaskiya da yin alfahari da m babban coci Ioanna Bogoslova, gine-gine, kolejoji da jami'o'i, musamman babbar Jami'ar Columbia. Har ila yau, a Harlem zaka iya ganin gine-gine da yawa masu ban sha'awa a farkon karni na 20 da kuma gine-gine na rabin rabin karni na 20. A yau, aikin nan na "Revival of Harlem" yana samuwa a nan, inda ake mayar da gidaje ga bayyanar su na farko, tituna suna da lalacewa, kuma da zarar yankin tawaye ya zama wuri mai daraja.

Yawan jama'a

Harlem (New York) yana da dangantaka da mutanen baki, duk da haka, gundumar ta canja canjin kabilu sau da yawa. A 1910, kashi 10 cikin 100 na jama'ar Afirka na rayuwa a nan, a cikin 1930 - 70%, kuma a 1950 - 98%. Sa'an nan kuma jinkirin fitar da mutane baƙi sun fara. Hanyoyin kabilanci sun zama mafi bambancin, a nan an zaunar da Saniyanci, Italiyanci, Yahudawa. Yau, yankin gabashin gabashin yankin sune mutanen Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, da Spaniards suna zaune. A Yammacin Harlem, yawancin mutanen sun fi yawa, akwai makarantun ilimi da yawa kuma akwai dalibai da yawa. Kusan mutane fiye da dubu 300 zasu zauna a Harlem. Mafi yawan jama'a suna tsakiyar Harlem.

Al'adu da nishaɗi

Gundumar Harlem (New York) ana kiransa da cibiyar al'adun gaba. Tun daga shekarun 1920, a lokacin da 'yan wasan jazz na tsakiya suka kunshi mafi yawan fasaha na zamani, rayuwar da ke da rai ta tafasa a nan. A cikin 70s rock da kuma yi waƙa a ko'ina, da kuma a yau Harlem ya zaɓi by masu kida da kuma masu kida na zamani kafin-garde.

Modern Harlem ne cikakke ga abubuwan da suka dace, wasanni suna budewa a yankin. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan wurare suna shaharar da gaskiyar cewa akwai kyakkyawan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman, ciki har da sanannun "Apollo". A cikin yankin akwai kuma gidajen tarihi masu yawa, alal misali, gidan Jazz na Musamman tare da samfuran abubuwa masu yawa daga sallar wannan waƙa. A karshen mako, yawancin jam'iyyun bohemia suna gudanar da su a Harlem, wuraren da aka fi mayar da hankali a tsakiya na gundumar.

Tsaro

Mafi yawan bayanai game da wannan yanki shine Harlem (New York) wani yanki ne mai hatsarin gaske, kusan kusan kowane kusurwa yana da Afrika ta Kudu da bat, wanda, idan ba a kashe ba, to, ya yi daidai. Wannan streotype ya bayyana a cikin karni na 20 na karni na 20, lokacin da a yankin akwai da yawa kisan kai. A wannan lokaci, zangon shan magani ya ci gaba a nan: 70% na New Yorkers masu zaman kansu sun zauna a Harlem. Bugu da} ari, akwai halin da bala'i da yara marasa gida da yara ke aikata laifuka. A Harlem, yana da hatsarin gaske a bugawa dare da rana.

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce, gwamnatin kasar ta aiwatar da manufofin musamman da ke taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin zamantakewa na Harlem, kuma ana iya gyara halin da hankali. Yau, laifin aikata laifuka a tsakiyar da yammacin Harlem ya zama ƙasa da matsakaitan Amurka. Gabas Harlem har yanzu yana iya zama barazana ga mai wucewa a cikin dare. Amma a gaba ɗaya, gundumar, musamman ma na tsakiya, yana ƙara kasancewa mazaunin karɓuwa mai daraja ga Amurkawa da matsakaicin kuɗi.

Abin da za a yi

Abin mamaki, Harlem wani gundumar New York ne, wanda yake da kyau don tafiya da kuma tafiye-tafiye. Samun sanin yankin yana mafi kyau daga King Street, inda aka kera manyan wurare na gundumar. Wajibi ne don ziyarci gidan kwaikwayo na gidan kwaikwayo, wanda ke haɗe da nune-nunen kide-kide da kide-kide. A kusa ne sanannen kulob din "Cotton", inda ƙungiyoyi suka taru a cikin 1920s, shahararrun mashahuran wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon suka yi ta daɗaɗɗa. Game da rayuwa na kulob din kulob har ma wani fim tare da wannan sunan da aka harbe.

Da yamma, yana da daraja zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayon "Appolo", inda ya yi wa mawaƙa kamar Ella Fitzgerald da Stevie Wonder. Kudancin titin, wanda ke kallon Kudancin Tsakiya, yana da kyau ga tafiya. Har ila yau, ya kamata a yi tafiya zuwa bakin kogin Hudson da kuma sha'awar batutuwa. Harlem babban wuri ne don gwada abinci na gargajiya na Amurka. Akwai wasu cafes masu yawa, inda ake kira "soul kichin" - abincin nama.

Bayani mai kyau

Gundumar Harlem (New York) tana da matukar dacewa daga ra'ayi na sauƙin sufuri. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilai da cewa a yau yau ɗakin tsakiya ya fi zama a nan. A cikin gundumar akwai ɗakunan otel masu kyau na matsakaici da farashi. 'Yan yawon bude ido kwanan nan sun fi son dakatarwa a nan, suna tafiya zuwa wasu wurare a kan tafiye-tafiye. A Harlem, akwai kyawawan abinci mai kyau da shaguna. Don masu yawon bude ido, shiryayyu da jagora suna ba da sabis.

Bayani game da rayuwa a Harlem

Yau, yankin New York (Harlem), nazarin rayuwar da suke da bambanci, yana ƙara zama bourgeois da bohemian. Kamar yadda a cikin New York, aikata laifuka yana raguwa da kuma rayuwar rayuwa tana girma. Amma, bisa ga mazauna, dole ku biya bashin zaman lafiya, kuma a cikin ma'anar kalmar: dukiya a nan ya zama mai tsada. Ƙasarin gundumar ya dubi yawancin lardin, wani lokaci ma talakawa. Amma sauyawa na yawan jama'a suna canja hoto don sauƙi.