HPP Zhigulevskaya: tarihin, photos

Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka ya kasance mafarki na Soviet gwamnati a sosai alfijir na kasar. A shirin fara a 30s, da kuma manyan-sikelin yi fit a rikodin lokaci bayan yakin duniya na II. Tarihi Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shafukan da masana'antu na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha ta makamashi tsaro.

Daga da ra'ayin farkon

A ra'ayin na gina Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka a 1910 An ƙaddamar da tsarist gwamnatin m Samara G. M. Krzhizhanovsky. Aiwatar da shi ya faru ne kawai bayan juyin juya hali, a lõkacin da aka amince da wutar lantarki da shirin, wanda aka qaddamar da cewa wannan m, amma riga a matsayi na shugaban kwamitin da wutar lantarki.

A farkon 30 ta a yankin, dake kusa da kauyen na Red bakuna, ya fara duba aiki a kan ci gaban da makamashi na Volga. A sakamakon haka shi da wani tsari don gina Kuibyshev hydroelectric tashar, inda shi yiwuwa a ba da maki uku a fara aikin. Na farko akwai mai gina shafin kusa da kauyen na Red bakuna. Domin tabbatar da babban-sikelin aikin Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka da aka gina hedkwatar. Amma riga a 1940 a kan site na samarwa jeri na tashar saukar adibas na mai, da kuma yi ya daskararre.

bayan da yaki,

A postwar lokaci shi aka za'ayi ƙarin prospecting institute "Hydroproject" sojojin. Dace site da aka samu a kusa da garin Zhigulyovsk. ч . Bisa ga aikin, amince a shekara ta 1949, da hydroelectric iko Zhigulyovskaya pawned a miliyan 2.1 kVt⋅ hours.

Yi ya fara a 1950 da kuma nan da nan tsiwirwirinsu babban sikelin. Don aiwatar da tsare-tsaren 50 gini da kafuwa Enterprises da aka shiga tsakani, game da kusan duk sassan na kasar. A game da 130 cibiyoyi da kuma zane ofisoshin, wadata kayayyakin aiki da aka gyara da hannu a fiye da 1,300 masana'antu da zayyana shafukan da gabatarwa sun shiga. Cif na yi na makaman da aka nada I. V. Komzin, samu don ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da manyan sikelin-aikin da lakabi na Hero of Socialist Labor.

matakai na yi

HPP Zhiguli - wata babbar post-yaki da makaman, wanda ake bukata da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da wani raunana tattalin arzikin babban adadin manpower da kuma albarkatun. A batun tare da mutum albarkatun aka warware kyawawan m - a mafi yawan magina suka fursunoni ga abun kafa Kuneevsky ITL, Glavgidrostroyu ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar cikin gida na Tarayyar Soviet.

Zuba dutse a dama banki na Volga domin gina madatsar ruwan da aka fara a hunturu 1950. The hukuma ranar commencement na yi aka dauke su Fabrairu 18, 1951, lokacin da ya cire daga farko ƙasa na nan gaba na cikin ramin yankin. HPP yi site Zhigulevskaya ya karuwa da sauri. Domin aiwatar da kuma hanzarta taki na aikin a shafin ja duk mafi kyau a wannan lokacin m.

A watan Yuli 1951 ya fara da gina ƙananan ƙofa da kuma iko kankare shuka a bar gāɓar kogi. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1952, ya fara da gina spillway gada kilomita takwas a tsawon, kuma a lokacin rani yana da lokaci zuwa gina hydroelectric babba mashigar for shipping. A watan Disamba na wannan shekara ya aka kaddamar a asibiti hadaddun.

kara taki

HPP Zhigulevskaya gina kara taki, wani lokacin ga hours na aikin shige har zuwa 20 dubu cubic mita kankare, wanda ya rikodin ko ta duniya matsayin. A Disamba 1952, ya fara aiki a concreting kasa na ƙananan ƙofa, watanni biyu ta cika al'adu rai na magina - aka sa a cikin aiki da sabon mai kulob din a kauyen Sunny Meadow.

A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1953 ya fara Crushed dutse da MacAdam shuka, da kayayyakin da wanda daga 30 Yuli an amfani a yi na hydroelectric iko tashar ginin. Kafuwar dukan farantin Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka da aka kammala a cikin watan Yuli 1954. A tarihin ginin zo da mafi muhimmanci - halittar dam. A farkon da aka bai da Agusta 15, 1955, shi ya fara tare da zoba na hagu banki na Volga, kasko cike dam aka kwace 2 months. A watan Oktoba, kogin ruwa da aka kafa a cikin rami.

Overlapping da dama kogin da aka kammala a rikodin lokaci, masana dauki kawai a kan 19 hours for hadaddun ayyukan. Fiye da mako biyu na gaba, za mu suna aiki domin kawar da kananan lahani a jikin dam. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1955 ruwa ya fara cika Kuibyshev tafki.

Project ruwa matakin a shi aka kai kawai a watan Yuni shekarar 1957. A lokacin kai aiki da ikon Kuibyshev tafki shi ne mafi girma a duniya - da yanki sun shagaltar game da 6000 murabba'in kilomita cikin tsawon - 510 mita, nisa a wasu wurare ya kai kilomita 27.

records

Tarihi Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka a watan Yuli na shekarar 1955 da aka alama da nassi na farko jirgin ruwa ta hanyar ƙananan marine mashigar. A watan Nuwamba, akwai wani zoba na babban tashar na Volga, a watan Disamba kammala shigarwa na farko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar fara kasuwanci aiki. A wasu goma sha samar da wutar lantarki raka'a aka kaddamar a lokacin 1956-1957 lokaci. A farko biliyan kilowatt-sa'o'i da aka samu a watan Oktoba 1956. A ranar ƙarshe na babban yi zamani da aka dauke su 14 Oktoba 1957, a lokacin da duk turbines HPP ya bayar da masana'antu da wutar lantarki.

Girkawa kowane injin turbin damar 150 dubu MW daukan game da wata, bayan gabatar da su a cikin aiki da shi ya bayyana cewa tasowa turbines da damar zuwa 115 MW. A sakamakon sake sa alama da aka kwashe raka'a, da kuma shigar da hydroelectric iya aiki ya karu zuwa 2.3 GW.

All m kokarin da aka directed zuwa da gina gine-gine administrative a tashar kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma kayan more rayuwa Zhigulevsk da Stavropol. HPP Zhiguli - na musamman da tsarin, da dukan waterworks da aka gina a shekaru bakwai. A wannan lokacin, an yi kusan miliyan 200 cubic mita earthwork, aza game da miliyan 8 cubic mita kankare, shigar da 200 dubu ton daga karfe Tsarin da kayan aiki.

amfani

Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka da aka bude a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 1958 a wani muhimmin bikin a gaban farko mutane da Tarayyar Soviet. Kashegari, da tashar da aka sake masa suna cikin Volga hydroelectric iko Station tare da aiki na Lenin. Mutane da yawa mahalarta na yi sun samu gwamnati awards. Aikace-aikace a kan yi na fursunonin da aka saki a cikin daji da afuwa, da wasu kasance a rage lokaci na bauta wa da hukunci.

By farkon watan Agusta 1966 Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka ɓullo da wani commemorative biliyan 100 kilowatt-sa'o'i na wutar lantarki. Lokacin daidai wannan lokacin akwai wani aiki da kai din dukkan iko matakai a tashar har karshen cikin 70 na manyan-sikelin zamanintar da kayan aiki da aka za'ayi.

Tare da canji na tsarin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1993 shi ya canja matsayi na tashar: a sakamakon da reorganization na kamfanin zama jama'a iyaka kamfanin. A 2001 HPP Zhigulevskaya ya zama wani ɓangare na kamfanin "Volga samar da wutar lantarki Cascade". Tun 2003, da hydroelectric iko tashar ne a maroki na wutar lantarki ga wholesale kasuwar, wanda ya sayar da kashi 15% na generated da makamashi, sauran albarkatun samuwa ga kayyade tarayya kasuwar.

wayewar

Don kwanan wata, mai shi na tashar ne rike da kamfanin "RusHydro". Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka - wannan shi ne hydroelectric kogin gado, da dukan wuraren da cewa ya kasance a cikin ta farko aji na solidity. A tsarin da kayayyakin hada da:

• Maginin dam tsawo na 52 mita (nisa - 750 m, tsawon - 2800 m).
• Hydroelectric tashar gini 700 mita dogon.
• Spillway dam 980 mita dogon.
• Shipping kwa'di.

A tsawo daga cikin Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki shuka a dam rabo ne 40,15 mita, ikon gidan yana da tsawo na 81,1 mita. A saman dam aka aza Railway da karauka leaf sakon Moscow - Samara. ч . Station iya aiki ne 2320 MW, da kuma talakawan ikon fitarwa aka sa a 10.5 biliyan kVt⋅ hours. ч , и 4 машины мощностью 120 МВт⋅ ч . The inji dakin 20 sanye take da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a lilo-vane type, 14 na wanda da damar 115 MVt⋅ h da kuma 4 inji at 120 MVt⋅ hours.

modernization

A 2010 kamfanin "RusHydro" ya sanya hannu a kwangila tare da OAO "Power Machines" domin na zamani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a. By Yuni 2017 karshe samu 19 motocin, da kammala dukan hadaddun da matakan da aka shirya domin Nuwamba 2017. The matakan dauka sabunta da asusun zai kara da shuka ta iya aiki har zuwa 2488 MW.

Kamar yadda na farko gini, kuma a yau aka karin ikon shuke-shuke Zhiguli samar da wutar lantarki. Photo tashoshin, dams da dukan hadaddun na hydroelectric wahayi zuwa gare daraja da baiwa da designers, da magina.