Igneous kankara

A ranar, da magmatic kankara sun fi na kowa jinsunan, wanda sune game da 65% na jimlar girma na duniya a ɓawon burodi. Wadannan abubuwa suna kafa daga ruwa magma kuma suna da sakamakon da crystallization.

Igneous kankara da ginshikai na da samuwar

Ba asiri da cewa a cikin hanjinsu na duniya ne magma - mai danko sosai abu, wanda ya ƙunshi wani hadadden silicate gidaje, wadãtar da gas da kuma ruwa vapors. wuraren zubi magma zazzabi iya zama 1200 digiri Celsius. A sakamakon daban-daban ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai (msl, da bambanta rarrabuwar na tectonic faranti, volcanic eruptions) motsa zubi magma zuwa surface.

Kamar yadda da yawan zafin jiki Yunƙurin na abu da dama a magma - don haka akwai matakai na crystallization da samuwar sabuwar ma'adanai. Da farko daskarar abu da wani babban narkewa batu - shi amphibole da pyroxene. Wannan ya faru idan dai dukan taro na magma ba juya zuwa wani resistant dutse.

Igneous kankara da su tsarin

Da kankara suna bambanta da su tsari, wanda shi ne da farko dogara a kan gudun da wanda ƙarfafa magma. Idan abu ne sanyaya sannu a hankali, tanã fita daga ƙasa, shi take kaiwa ga samuwar manyan lu'ulu'u. Amma da m sanyaya yana da kishiyar sakamako - da kananan lu'ulu'u suna kafa.

Amma mafi sau da yawa tashi da kuma sanyaya magma ne gauraye. Ya danganta da girman da lu'ulu'u, igneous kankara ya kasu kashi:

• ravnozernistuyu da ciwon da tsarin - da suka kunshi lu'ulu'u game da wannan size (msl, plutonic).
• inequigranular da ciwon da tsarin - da suka dauke da lu'ulu'u, yana mai sãɓãnin masu girma dabam.

Nau'in igneous kankara ta aiwatar da shigowa da kuma sanyaya magma:

1. M - suna kafa a lokacin da magma aka jefa m rafi. Daga cikin wadannan jinsunan da wadannan iri:

• zurfin - da magma cools a zurfin. Wadannan sun hada da diorite da dutse.
• effusive - magma aka sanyaya a duniya (porphyrite, basalt).

2. Vulkanooblomochnye irin - da sunan kansa ya nuna yadda magma zo daga cikin Duniya ta ciki. Zubi dutse ya barke a cikin nau'i na sprays da bangaye, sanyaya kashe a cikin iska. Su ne:

• sako-sako da dutse (yashi, kuma volcanic ash).
• cemented (msl, volcanic tuff).

Igneous kankara da kuma mineralogical abun da ke ciki

Don kwanan wata, akwai hudu main iri ma'adanai. Kusan duk wani igneous dutse hada su. Su ne:

• Ma'adini - mai ma'adinai kunshi crystalline silica. Wannan opaque lu'ulu'u da hankula gilashin luster. Abu ya jure tasirin yanayi da kuma unaffected ta acid (ban hydrofluoric acid).
• Feldspar - wani babban rukuni na ma'adanai, wanda aka halin da ƙananan (idan aka kwatanta da ma'adini) taurin da kuma cikakken tsakiyan nonon. Suna fentin a mai haske tabarau na launi daban-daban. Feldspars kasu kashi plagioclase da orthoclase. Wadannan ma'adanai suna sauƙin weathered, da al'amari zuwa lãka.
• Mica - ma'adinai tare da cikakken tsakiyan nonon da low taurin. Mafi na kowa wakilan wannan kungiya - muscovite (m Mica) da kuma biotite (baki). Idan dutse aka yi sama da babban adadin Mica, ta inji Properties deteriorate muhimmanci.
• Pyroxene da amphibole - dutse-kafa ma'adanai, wanda da irin wannan sinadaran abun da ke ciki. Yawanci, wannan magnesium silicates ko biyu salts na alli da magnesium.

Igneous kankara ne sosai daban-daban daga sedimentary musamman ta sinadaran abun da ke ciki: su an hada da silicates ko aluminum silicates.