Intersectoral balance. Model na interbranch balance. Matsalar Inter-aluma balance

A shiryawa Isa ya ce. Abin da halinmu zuwa wannan tsari, muna kullum fuskanci tare da bukatar daidaita su ƙarfi da son zũciyõyinsu. Kuma idan a cikin rayuwar daya ko mutane biyu na iya zama daidai ba tare da tsare-tsaren, to, gwamnati na tattalin arzikin kasar, har ma da dukan Union iko kuskure dangantaka ta halin kaka tare da wani riba iya ƙaruwa shafi. Saboda haka, Inter-aluma balance a cikin zamani tattalin arzikin da ta daki-daki, daga dukiya da kuma ayyuka yana da wani abu matsayi.

Balance model - abin da yake da shi?

Tattalin arzikin-ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa na tsarin da kuma matakai don rayayye yana amfani da abin da ake kira balance model dangane da kwatanta da ingantawa da samuwa albarkatun. A ilmin lissafi sharuddan, da sikeli Hanyar ya shafi gina wani tsarin na lissafai cewa bayyana yanayin daidaito tsakanin kayayyakin da kuma bukatar wadannan kayayyakin.

A binciken da kungiyar ƙunsar da dama tattalin arziki da abokai, wanda wani bangare ne na samarwa da aka cinye domestically, da kuma bangaren da aka dauka daga ta firam kuma ana riskarsa kamar da "karshe samfurin". Balance model cewa amfani da Kalmar "hanya" maimakon a "samfurin", sa ya yiwu don sarrafa mafi kyau duka yin amfani da albarkatun.

Abin da ya sa da model

interbranch balance Hanyar - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwa na tattalin arziki manazarta. Yana da wani matrix na coefficients cewa gani amfani da albarkatun a kan zaba destinations amfani. Don shirya wani tebur na wanda Kwayoyin suna cike da dokokin na kai tsaye halin kaka don yi wata naúrar na samarwa.

Saboda haduwar da tsarin yin amfani da real yi na wani daya sha'anin shi ne ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, coefficients (rabo) suna lasafta a kan abin da ake kira "tsabta masana'antu", watau. E. Daya cewa integrates duk Manufacturing wuraren ba tare da game da mika wuya ko nau'i na ikon mallakar. Wannan halitta da wani gagarumin matsalar a cikin shirye-shiryen da bayanai bangaren for model na tattalin arziki tsarin.

Nobel Prize for model

A karo na farko a kan bukatar a samu daidaito tsakanin samarwa da daban-daban rassan miƙa Soviet tattalin arziki suka yi binciken da statistics na ci gaban tattalin arziki ga 1923-1924 shekaru. A farko bada shawarwari dauke kawai bayanai game da ingancin links tsakanin samarwa sassa da kuma yin amfani da wadannan kayayyakin.

Amma hakikanin m aikace-aikace na wadannan ra'ayoyi ba su samu ba. A 'yan shekarun baya da tattalin arziki V. V. Leontev tsara muhimmancin Inter-aluma Hadin a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Aikinsa An kishin samar da wani ilmin lissafi model cewa yale mu mu ba kawai don nazarin halin yanzu jihar na kasa da tattalin arziki, amma kuma canzawa yiwu tatsuniyoyinsu.

Interbranch balance yana duniya da ake kira Hanyar "shigar-fitarwa". Kuma a shekarar 1973, masana kimiyya aka bayar da Nobel Prize a tattalin arziki domin ci gaba da giciye-aluma bincike na amfani da model.

Yadda za a yi amfani da tsarin

A tsarin na Leontief shigar-fitarwa balance amfani da su bincika jihar na tattalin arzikin Amurka. By lokacin da msar tambayar postulates dauka nau'i na real mikakke lissafai. Wannan lissafi ya nuna cewa rates samarwa da kimiyya a matsayin Manuniya na Hadin tsakanin sassa, ne quite barga, kuma m.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu an bincikar Leontief shigar-fitarwa ma'auni na Nazi Jamus ta tattalin arziki. Bisa ga sakamakon wannan binciken da sojojin Amurka suka gano yana kokarin muhimmanci hari. Kuma bayan da yaki, da inganci da girma na Ka taimaka-Lease sake har yanzu m kan bayani samu ta hanyar tsarin Leontief shigar-fitarwa balance.

Tarayyar Soviet gina wani model 7 sau tun shekarar 1959. Masana kimiyya sun zaci cewa for baya shekaru biyar, huldar cinikaiya za a iya daukan barga, sabili da haka duk da yanayin dauke su a tsaye. Duk da haka, da dabara ya ba samu da widest watsa, t. Don. A cikin aminci m sassa fi mayar rinjayi siyasa halin da ake ciki. The real huldar cinikaiya aka dauke a matsayin na biyu.

Jigon da manufar

Model na interbranch balance - da definition na dangantaka tsakanin saki da samfurin a cikin wannan masana'antu, da kuma halin kaka da kuma amfani da dukiya dukkan sassa da hannu a samar da wadannan kayayyakin. Alal misali, domin samar da kwal, karfe kayan aikin da ake bukata. A daidai wannan lokaci, karfe bukatar kwal domin smelting. Saboda haka, da shigar-fitarwa balance kalubale ne a sami wani rabo daga ci da karfe, a cikin abin da tattalin arziki sakamakon za a maximized.

A mafi fadi ji zamu iya cewa sakamakon na gina model iya sanin yadda ya dace da samar a general, to sami mafi kyau duka hanyoyin da farashin, da kuma tantance mafi muhimmanci dalilai na tattalin arziki. Bugu da kari, wannan hanya ya sa ya yiwu don tafiyar da kiyasin.

babban ayyuka

• Structuring matakai na haifuwa, dangane da abu da kuma kayan abun da ke ciki na tattalin arziki da albarkatun.
• Zane na saki samfurin da kuma ta rarraba.
• A cikakken nazari da samar da tsari, halittar kaya da kuma ayyuka, samun kudin shiga tsara a matakin tattalin arziki sassa.
• Optimization na gano muhimman dalilai na samarwa.

Domin da hanyar da "labari-fitarwa" ana ayyana analytical da ilimin kididdiga ayyuka. Hikimar tantance damar hango ko hasashen da tsauri matakai na raya masana'antu da tattalin arzikin a matsayin dukan. canzawa cikin halin da ake ciki ta hanyar canza daban-daban data da Manuniya. A ilimin kididdiga aiki na samar da daidaito da dubawa na bayanai daga kafofi - daga Enterprises, yankin kasafin kudi, haraji da sabis, da dai sauransu ...

Ilmin Lissafi model view

A ilmin lissafi sharuddan, ɗauke kayayyakin model - a tsarin na bambanci lissafai (kuma ba ko da yaushe mikakke), wanda ya kasance daidai da yanayin ma'auni tsakanin total samar a cikin masana'antu kayayyakin da kuma bukatar da shi.

Model na tattalin arziki da tsarin sau da yawa gabatar a tabular form (ga. Siffa). Yana tara samfurin da aka kasu kashi biyu: ƙurewar (matsakaici) da kuma karshe. A kasa tattalin arzikin da aka matsayin wani tsarin na n m masana'antu, kowanne daga abin da taka rawar da samar da cinyewa.

quadrants

Leontief shigar-fitarwa balance ne zuwa kashi hudu sassa (quadrants). Kowane quadrant (siffa Suna ƙidaya 1-4) yana da tattalin arziki abun ciki. A farko nuni giciye-aluma sadarwa abu - a irin checkerboard. A coefficients located a rarrabawa da layuka da kuma ginshikan, kaddamarda XY da kuma dauke da bayani game da kwarara daga kayayyakin tsakanin rassan. X, kuma Y - yawan masana'antu da samar da da kuma cinye kayayyakin. Nadi x23, misali, ya kamata a fassara a matsayin haka: tamanin da nufin samar, bayar a kansu 2 da kuma 3 cinyewa a cikin masana'antu (abu halin kaka). Jimlar duk abubuwa na farko quadrant wakiltar shekara-shekara da asusun reimbursement abu.

Na biyu quadrant ne mai sa na karshe kayayyakin duk Manufacturing masana'antu. A karshen samfurin da aka kira, cewa ke bayan samar kansu a fannin karshe amfani da jari. Kumbura balance zane misalta hanyoyi na yin amfani da wannan samfurin: jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu amfani, ajiya, dawo da kuma fitarwa.

The uku quadrant bayyana kasa samun kudin shiga. Shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari net fitarwa (Hakkin kuma albashi na rassan) da kuma diyya asusu. Kuma a karo na hudu nuni bayanai game da karshe rarraba. Yana da a mahada ginshikan da layuka na biyu na uku quadrants. Wannan bayani yana da muhimmanci ga fahimtar da samuwar da tsarin na samun kudin shiga da kuma kashe kudi na yawan jama'ar, kafofin na kudi, da halin kaka na ba-m Sphere , da sauransu. D.

Lura cewa Naira Miliyan Xari total na biyu, uku da na hudu quadrants (daidaiku) ya kamata a kafa domin shekara samfurin.

kafa na lissafai

Duk da cewa da babban kasa samfurin ba ƙa'ida ya kamãta da kõwa daga sama sassa, shi ne har yanzu ba a cikin balance sheet. A shafi to da dama daga cikin biyu quadrant, da kuma wani layin located a na uku, nuna babban kasa samfurin. The bayanai samu daga wadannan abubuwa, ba ka damar duba correctness na jimlar balance. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya taimaka wajen haifar da tattalin arziki da kuma ilmin lissafi model.

Denoting masana'antu babban samfurin ta X tare da wani index m da adadin rassan za a iya tsara yadda biyu na asali rabo. A tattalin arziki ma'anar farko lissafi ne da wadannan: da adadin abu halin kaka na wani reshe na tattalin arziki da kuma ta net samar da karkacewa} asashensu ya bayyana da masana'antu (ginshikan).

Na biyu Jadawalin interbranch balance nuna cewa adadin abu halin kaka cinye wani samfurin da kuma karshe samfurin na daya ko wani Sphere ne babban fitarwa masana'antu (balance line).

A karshen view na tsarin na lissafai

Tare da duk sama dabarbari, an gabatar a cikin tsarin irin Concepts:

• kai tsaye halin kaka matrix coefficients A = {au}.
• babban fitarwa vector X (shafi).
• vector na karshe samfurin Y (shafi).

Model a matrix form za a iya bayyana ta aminiya:

X = gatari + Y.

Ya zauna kawai tuna cewa balance ne kamar rai-size, da kuma cikin sharuddan kudi.