Introspection - a ... introspection a Psychology

Introspection - a kayadadden hanya a cikin tunani, wanda dogara ne a kan kai-kallo na sani. Wannan irin kai-bincike, a cikin abin da ba mu nemi hukunta. Wannan introspection ne daban-daban daga nadama. Yana da wuya a overstate muhimmancin introspection a Psychology. Shi ne kawai tare da taimakon shi ne mai yiwuwa a gane gaskiya da hanyar shi ne. Yana da wani misali da wani shugaba a wani haƙiƙa bincike na mutum hali.

Jigon introspection

Hanyar introspection, a cikin ra'ayi na Henri Bergson, bisa metaphysics. Saboda haka kafin mu bude hanyar da mu sani, kuma diraya. Wannan hanya na kai-kallo tushen retrospective falsafa domin cimma wata reflex saki da abinda ke ciki na sani da majiyai kafa matsayi a cikin tsarin da hali. Amma a lokaci guda wuce kima digging a hankali, cewa shi ne, an wuce kima hali ya introspection, zai iya sa wani m hali ga duniya, wanda shi ne quite na kowa a cikin psychasthenic. Har ila yau, sauyawa daga cikin real da haƙiƙa na zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali muhimmi a schizophrenics.

A ra'ayi na sani Descartes

A yanayin dan Adam bayyana biyu m da m ka'idodin: jiki da kuma rai. Wadannan ka'idojin kara daga biyu daban-daban abubuwa: Extended kuma unthinking al'amarin, kuma unextended tunani da zuciya. A cikin layi tare da wannan imani, Descartes gabatar biyu sabon sharuddan: sani a matsayin magana na ruhaniya da kuma reflex, wanda shi ne alhakin da ayyuka na jiki iko.

Wannan Descartes karo na farko bayar da sosai ra'ayi na sani, wanda a nan gaba shi ne tsakiyar zuwa Psychology ga marigayi 19th karni. Duk da haka, Descartes kauce masa yin amfani da kalmar "sani" da kuma maye gurbin shi da Kalmar "tunanin." A wannan hanyar tunanin ga shi - shi ke nan cewa ke faruwa a cikin mutum, don haka abin da muke yi domin ba. Saboda haka, godiya ga Descartes, akwai wani Hanyar introspection a Psychology, manufar kai-gani na sani a kansa.

iri introspection

A tunani na rarrabe din, hikimar tantance introspection, introspective tunani da kuma phenomenological introspection. -Din-din nazarin introspection mataki tunani tsari a kan tushen da wani retrospective rahoton. Wannan hanya da aka ɓullo da a Würzburg makaranta. Hikimar tantance Hanyar introspection da aka halitta a cikin makaranta E. Titchener. Ya dogara ne a kan sha'awar ji image rabuwa a cikin mutum bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa. Phenomenological introspection - shi ne daya daga cikin kwatance na Gestalt tunani. Wannan hanya ya bayyana qwaqwalwa ne qwarai mamaki a cikin mutunci da bukatunsu don butulci batutuwa. Phenomenological Hanyar da aka yi amfani da wani siffatawa tunani na Dilthey, kuma daga baya shi da aka yi amfani da bil'adama tunani.

M Hanyar kai-kallo

Introspection - a kai-kallo, babban manufar wanda shi ne don ware musamman analysis ta kai tsaye da kwarewa da duk sadarwa na waje duniya. Wannan hanya ita ce ta farko ta jerin baƙaƙe a cikin m kimiyya. Yana gare ta asalin kartezian-SKO-Lockean fahimtar da batun kwayoyin halitta na tunani.

Matsalar kai-kallo

Introspection a Psychology - shi ne mai Hanyar gane ba kawai muhimmanci a nazari na mutum sani, amma wani m Hanyar tantance mutum hali kai tsaye. Wannan imani da shi ne saboda biyu indisputable yanayi. Da farko, da ikon bude up batun tafiyar matakai na farkawa da kuma ta haka kusancinsu ga m Kiyayewa. Sani na mutane daban-daban rabu da zurfin jãhilci. Kuma babu wanda zai iya haye ta kuma fuskanci Jihar hankali na wani mutum, kamar yadda ya aikata. Iya shiga cikin ji da kuma sauran mutanen da ta images.

Zai ze cewa karshe a kan abin da introspection a Psychology - ne kawai zai yiwu Hanyar tantance yanayin da wasu mutum ta hankali, bayyanannu, kuma muhawwara. Duk da muhawara a kan wannan batun, za ka iya hada 'yan short phrases: batun Psychology dogara ne a kan facts na ruhi; Waɗannan tabbaci bude kai tsaye, ga wanda suna cikin, kuma babu wanda kuma; sabili da haka, bincika da kuma bincika so kawai introspection. Introspection kuma bã kõme ba.

Amma a daya bangaren da sauki da kuma tsabta daga duk wadannan indisputable kalamai, kazalika, da kuma duk fitarwa a general, ga alama na farko ne kawai a duban farko. A gaskiya a cikin su yake a ɓõye, daya daga cikin mafi m da hadaddun m matsaloli - matsalar na kai-kallo.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin Hanyar introspection

A amfani da yin amfani da hanyar na introspection a tunani ne cewa, tare da taimakon shi ne mai yiwuwa a kafa causal dangantaka da shafi tunanin mutum mamaki cewa faruwa kai tsaye a cikin zuciyar dan Adam. Bugu da kari, a cikin tunani na introspection - da definition m facts da shafi hali da mutum yanayin a cikin tsarki tsari, ba tare da murdiya.

Hanyar matsala

Da farko, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan hanyar ba manufa domin da ji da kuma hasashe na gaskiya, wanda mutum zai zama daban-daban daga cikin sauran gabbanmu. Bugu da kari, da fahimta za a iya canza ko da a cikin wannan mutum a kan lokaci.

Introspection - wannan Hanyar kallo ne ba aiwatar da kanta, da kuma ta Fading sawu. Psychologists ce cewa tare da isasshen introspection ba sauki domin sanin abin da nufi ya miƙa mulki. A tunani rushes hanzari, da kuma kafin a ƙarshe za a iya yi, shi ne modified. Bugu da kari, da hanyar da introspection ba zartar da dukan mutane, da zukatan yara da kuma tunani da rashin lafiya ba za a iya karatu da shi.

Matsala don amfani da wannan hanyar a tunani ne gaskiya cewa abun ciki ba duk zukatan za a iya rushe a cikin mutum abubuwa da kuma gabatar da su kamar yadda guda dukan. A music, idan ka matsa zuwa wani daban-daban key launin waƙa, canza duka sauti, amma launin waƙa kasance iri guda. Saboda haka, kada ku yi sauti na launin waƙa, da kuma wasu na musamman dangantaka tsakanin sautuna. Wannan ingancin ne muhimmi da jiwuwa tsarin - gestalt.

Introspection - shi ne gaban m kuma irin abubuwan da rahoton a kan shi. Kamar wancan Wundt gano gargajiya da yin amfani da wannan hanya daga wani m ra'ayi. Amma duk da cewa, bisa ga Wundt, kai tsaye da kwarewa rinjayar da batun tunani, har yanzu ya raba introspection da ciki ji. Ciki ji ne m, a kansa, amma a kimiyya ba za a iya classified. Amma ga introspection na gwajin bukatar a horar da. Kawai a cikin wannan hali, kai-kallo zai kawo ake so amfanin.