Iri tsutsotsi: description, tsarin, rawar da suka taka a cikin yanayi

Akwai uku main iri tsutsotsi: Flat, zagaye da ringed. Kowace daga cikinsu ne zuwa kashi azuzuwan, a cikin abin da hada-daban na tsutsotsi dangane da kama wasu siffofin. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana da iri da kuma azuzuwan. Mun kuma shãfe a kan wasu daga bakunansu. Za ka fahimci muhimman bayanai game tsutsotsi: su tsari, halaye, da rawa a yanayi.

type Flatworms

Wakilai daga cikin live in marine da kuma sabo ruwa a cikin wurare masu zafi da gandun daji (da wani damp zuriyar dabbobi). Wannan shi ne wani daban-daban irin tsutsa parasites. Suna bambanta da siffar jiki. Flat leaf-dimbin yawa ko dvustoronnesimmetrichnoe ribbonlike jiki yana da wani flatworm. Siffofin shafi to irin wannan mallake tsoka, shafi, excretory, narkewa kamar, haihuwa, juyayi da tsarin, wanda ci gaba daga 3 jam yadudduka (ciki, m da kuma tsakiyar yadudduka na Kwayoyin). A total akwai fiye da dubu 12. Of su jinsunan. Babban azuzuwan: Flukes, planarian, tapeworm.

aji planarian

Black, ruwan kasa da fari planarians rayuwa a silty yankunan tafkunan, tabkuna da kõguna. A ƙarshen gaban na jiki 2 da bayyane ido, da abin da suka bambanta duhu daga haske. Makogwaro ne located a kan ventral gefe. Planarians ne da yara. Su ganima a kan kananan cikin ruwa dabbobi da aka tsage baya ko ya yi lõma da dukan. Su motsawa ta cikin aikin na cilia. 1 zuwa 3 cm tsawon na jiki na ruwa tare planarians.

Jikinsu yana rufe da musamman elongated Kwayoyin tare da cilia (wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka kuma ake kira ciliated tsutsotsi). 3 ana shirya zurfi Layer na da tsoka zaruruwa - diagonal, madauwari kuma a tsaye. A tsutsa (jinsin na zuwa planar) saboda su shakatawa da kuma rage taqaitaccen ko tsawo, za a iya dauke da jiki. kananan cell mass karkashin tsokoki. Wannan shi ne babban masana'anta, a cikin abin da kayan ciki suna located. Bakinka da murdede makogwaro da kuma hanjinsu trehvetvisty sa up narkewa kamar tsarin. Ganuwar da flask-dimbin yawa Layer kafa ta hanji Kwayoyin. Sun kama abinci barbashi sa'an nan nike su. Narkewa kamar enzymes zama ruwan dare rami hanji glandular sel ta bango. Gina jiki da sakamakon daga cikin tsagawa abinci, shiga kai tsaye a cikin tsokoki na jiki. Cire ta bakin undigested sharan.

Turbellaria numfashi oxygen narkewa a cikin ruwa. Wannan tsari yana tafiya ne a ko'ina cikin jiki surface. Juyayi tsarin su kunshi gungu na sel - da biyu daga shugaban raka'a, jijiya kututturan, departing daga gare su, kazalika da jijiya rassan. Planarians mafi yawa da idanu (1 zuwa dama dubun nau'i-nau'i). A fata, su ne tactile Kwayoyin, da kuma wasu mambobi na wannan aji ne a kan ƙarshen gaban na jiki ne kananan guda biyu tentacles.

aji Flukes

Wannan ya hada da jinsunan parasitic tsutsotsi, wanda suke leaf-dimbin yawa ba tare da jiki cilia. Mafi fi sanin wakilin wannan aji ne hanta fluke. Game 3 cm daga jikinsa tsawon. Wannan tsutsa settles a cikin ducts na hanta na tumaki, da shanu, da na awaki, rike a wurin da wani mouthend da kuma na ciki suckers. Shi, Yanã ciyarwa a kan jini, da kuma halaka jikin ta rundunar Kwayoyin. A cikin hanta fluke yana da wani pharynx, baki, hanjinsu biyu rassan, kazalika da sauran sashin jiki tsarin. Daga cikin wadannan, da juyayi da kuma murdede ci gaba ne ba kamar yadda karfi a free flatworms.

Class Tapeworms

Yana hada da parasitic tsutsotsi da ciwon ribbonlike jiki wanda ya kunshi undifferentiated short cervix, da kananan shugaban da wani jam'i na segments. Mafi shahara iri tapeworms - da aladai, kuma ya Bovine tapeworm, echinococcus, a tapeworm. Inda wadannan kwayoyin rayuwa? Bovine da naman alade tapeworm rayuwa a cikin mutum Gut, echinococcus - Wolves da karnuka, da kuma wani tapeworm m, a jikin predatory dabbobi masu shayarwa da mutane. Sarkar iya isa a tsawon na goma mita ko ma fiye da (msl, Bovine). Wadannan iri tapeworms da hooks a kai da kuma tsotsa kofuna (Echinococcus, porcine tapeworm), ko kuma kawai suckers (as Bovine tapeworm), ko 2 prisasyvatelnye zurfin GROOVES (misali, m tapeworm).

Juyayi da kuma murdede tsarin a cikin wannan aji ne underdeveloped. Skin Kwayoyin suna wakilta hankula. Sun bace narkewa kamar tsarin: tapeworms sha na gina jiki daga cikin Gut dauki bakuncin dukan surface na jiki.

echinococcus

Echinococcus - a kananan tsutsa, wanda tsawon nawa zuwa 6 mm. Its peculiarity ne cewa segments ba rabu da jikinsa, sabanin tapeworms da tapeworms. Babban masu wannan tsutsa - kerkẽci, kare, cat, fox. matsakaici - saniya, da na tumaki, alade, barewa, goat (shi kuma iya zama da wani mutum). A cikin huhu, hanta, kasusuwa, tsokoki ɓullo da na karshe manyan kumfa. A kowane daga cikinsu kafa vnuchatnye da yaro sashen. Tu su akwai shugaban parasites. Main Runduna zai iya zama kamuwa da cin nama tare da wadannan kumfa, da kuma matsakaici - bayan cin abinci da ake gurbata da tumbi da marasa lafiya da Wolves, da karnuka, da kuma wasu manyan masu wannan tsutsa.

Rubuta Roundworms (ko Pervichnopolostnye)

Bã su da wani m jiki, yawanci dogon, madauwari a giciye sashe. Wannan shi ne babban kama roundworms jinsuna daban. A surface na fata ne m ba-salon salula samuwar, da ake kira cuticle. Bã su da wani rami a cikin jiki, wanda ya wanzu saboda halakar da Kwayoyin cewa yin up tamkar nama, tsakanin kayan ciki da jiki bango. Murdede Layer na tsaye zaruruwa aka wakilta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa roundworms ne kawai iya iya lankwasa. Hanjinsu yana da wani nau'i na tube. Ya fara da ƙare da bakin bude tsuliya (dubura). Wakilai daga irin wannan da ake samu a cikin tekuna, da ƙasa, sabo ruwa. Bambanci roundworms jinsuna daban shi ne cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna shuka kwari, yayin da wasu suke parasitic a cikin mutane da kuma dabbobi. Fiye da 400 da dubu. Akwai nau'in a irin wannan. The most aji ne aji na nematodes.

aji nematodes

Nematodes - herbivorous tsutsotsi da cewa rayuwa a kan tushen da wake, tafarnuwa, albasa da sauran lambu shuke-shuke, a karkashin kasa da dankalin turawa harbe (view Kara Dankali mafitsara nematode) a cikin gabobin da strawberry (strawberry nematode). Game da 1.5 mm, su ne tsayin ma m jiki. Mouthparts thrusting irin nematodes shiga shuka nama, sa'an nan kuma gudanar abu da kuma rushe abinda ke ciki na cell ganuwar. Sai suka tsotse abu kafa ta amfani da Extended ɓangare na esophagus. Kamar yadda famfo aiki ya murdede bango. A cikin hanjinsu zuwa nike abinci. Mutane da yawa nematodes ake samu a cikin ƙasa, da kuma amfani da wani abinci shuka sharan. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙasa samuwar.

Wasu mambobin wannan aji ne parasites. Suna zaune a cikin rundunar (mutane da dabbobi). Wannan, misali, roundworm (alade, doki, mutum, da dai sauransu), kamar su Trichinella, pinworms, whipworms, Guinea tsutsa.

roundworm

Roundworm rayuwa a cikin kananan hanji na rundunar. Don 40 cm jiki tsawon mace (namiji da ɗan karami). Sun ci rabin-narkewar abinci. Mãtan ajiya qwai (game da 200 raka'a per day), wanda aka fitad da mutum tumbi. Suna motsi da larvae ci gaba a cikin yanayi na waje. By cin talauci wanke kayan lambu, kazalika da coveted kwari cin mutum Ascaris kamuwa da cuta auku. The larvae a cikin hanji da rundunar daga cikin qwai. Bayan haka, an gabatar da a cikin jini da kuma ƙaura su zuwa ga huhu, zuciya da kuma hanta. Girma larvae fall a cikin bakinka sa'an nan a cikin hanji, inda duka biyu zama manya. Sun ci abinci rundunar, jiki da poisons su secretions. A sakamakon ayyukan a kan garun hanji ulcers aka kafa, da kuma lokacin da babban adadin parasites zai iya sa toshewa da kuma ganuwar ta karya.

rubuta Annelida

Its mambobi rayuwa a cikin sabo ruwa, tekuna, gona. Jikinsu su ne tsawon, zuwa kashi annular segments (segments) mai gangara constrictions. Dukanmu mun san bayyanar earthworm. Su tsawon dabam daga 2 zuwa 30 cm. The jiki ne zuwa kashi segments, wanda zai iya zama daga 80 zuwa 300.

Ciki rabawa yayi dace da m dismemberment. A jikin rami wakilan irin wannan liyi tare da wani Layer shafi Kwayoyin. Delimited rabo daga rami ne a kowane sashi. A annelids da jijiyoyi, da kuma masu yawa daga cikinsu ba, kuma numfashi. Su narkewa kamar, murdede, juyayi, excretory tsarin, kazalika da hankula ne mafi nagartaccen fiye da wadanda na zagaye da lebur tsutsotsi. "Skin" kunshi wani Layer shafi Kwayoyin. Karkashin shi ne a tsaye da kuma madauwari tsoka. A annelids narkewa kamar tsarin ne zuwa kashi da pharynx, baka rami, esophagus, ciki (a raba kungiyoyin), kazalika da hanjinsu. Ta hanyar dubura aka cire daga undigested abinci saura.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na annelids

Duk wani nau'i na annelids ne jijiyoyi kafa ta ventral da dorsal jini, wanda ake da alaka da juna zobe. Daga karshen tashi karami kayayyakin da reshe fita kuma samar da wata cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries a cikin kayan ciki da fata. Jini motsa yafi saboda shakatawa na esophagus kuma rage sutura ganuwar madauwari tasoshin. Yana daukawa oxygen da kuma gina jiki yana zuwa mata, to duk gabobin, kuma ma fid da kwayoyin daga rayuwa kayayyakin. Nau'in annelids halin rufaffiyar jijiyoyi (wannan nazarin halittu ruwa a su ne a cikin tasoshin da kuma zuba a cikin jiki rami). Ta hanyar fata auku numfashi. Wasu iri tsutsotsi (marine) da gills.

A juyayi tsarin na annelids

Juyayi tsarin wakilan irin wannan kunshi wata biyu hypopharynx da kuma sama-oesophageal ganglion, wanda suna da alaka a wani zobe jijiya igiya, kazalika da sarƙoƙi na nodes (ciki). Kumburi biyu adana a kowane sashi annelids. All gabobin tashi jijiyoyi. Daban-daban samuwar kasashe (msl, haske) yi a kan m Kwayoyin. Zumudi tasowa a su da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga mafi kusa ganglion na jijiya zaruruwa, sa'an nan zuwa ga tsokoki (sauran zaruruwa) kuma Yanã da raguwa. A wannan hanyar aiwatar da numfashinsa. Mai wakilan irin wannan babu hankali gabobin.

A manyan azuzuwan na annelids

Ringed iya zama hermaphrodite, da kuma iri guda ba. Yadda yawa tsutsotsi (s) na da irin wannan hada? Yau akwai game da 9000, daga cikinsu da babban azuzuwan: Polychaetes da oligochaetes. A farko live da farko a cikin ƙasa (misali, irin wannan earthworm kamar bĩga) da kuma ma a cikin sabo ruwa (musamman bututu masu yi). Polychaete tsutsotsi - wani aji da ya hada da Lugworms, Nereids da kuma tube tsutsa. Lugworms rayuwa a cikin burrows haƙa da su, Nereids - yafi a cikin ƙasa a cike da laka a bakin teku sassa na teku, tube tsutsa - a cikin "gidan", wanda suka gina daga wani daban-daban abu.

Nereid

Nereid - iri tsutsotsi ne mafi bambancin tekuna. Su launi kore ko m. Shugaban gaban segments samar da wata jiki. Ta yana palps, baki, tentacles (tactile gabobin), da kuma 2 nau'i-nau'i daga idanu da kuma biyu ramuka located a bãyansu (wannan olfactory gabobin). A tarnaƙi na jiki segments an sa su guda biyu daga tuhumar short lobe-growths da tufts na bristles. Wannan reshe. Bugu da kari, da Nereids ci gaba gills - musamman fata growths. Sau da yawa shi ne iri guda ba dabbobi. A ruwa, kwai hadi auku, wanda akwai free-iyo larvae, da bel da ciwon cilia. Su ƙarshe girma cikin adult tsutsotsi.

Ma'ana annelids

Su abinci ga mutane da yawa jinsunan crabs, kifi (da kuma sauran Nereids. Marine tsutsotsi). Earthworm - mai matsakaitan abinci na hedgehogs, moles, starlings, frogs da sauran dabbobi .. Ringed, ciyar da sludge, kazalika da daban-daban suspensions, da suka wuce haddi free ruwa daga kwayoyin abubuwa. Bugu da kari, ruwan sama da kuma wasu sauran iri ƙasa tsutsotsi ci shuka sharan da ƙasa ne, sun shige ta da ciwon hanji. A wannan hanya da suke taimakawa wajen da samuwar humus.

Saboda haka, ya yi ka hadu da sama rarrabuwa, san abin da su ne daban-daban, azuzuwan da iri tsutsotsi. Photos of wannan labarin samar da wani gani misali na wasu daga wakilainsu. Tsutsotsi - shi ne na musamman da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wasu daga cikin su ne parasites, yayin da wasu ne babban amfani ga duniya tamu.