Jam'iyyar Conservative na Burtaniya: da akida, da shugabannin

United Kingdom ne da gaske a kasar ne sosai ra'ayin mazan jiya, da tsarin siyasa, aiki a can, sosai musamman, da al'adu, shi ne sosai daban-daban daga wasu kasashe. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mafi girma daga cikin jam'iyyun adawa - Jam'iyyar Conservative na Great Britain. The asalin haihuwar ta ne a cikin karni na sha tara, kuma mafi pronounced aiki da aka bayyana a cikin 1997, lokacin da jam'iyyar samu ta ba da sunan - "Tories".

Features

Tun kafuwar Birtaniya Jam'iyyar Conservative kare bukatun na aristocracy da bourgeoisie, duka biyu kudi da kasuwanci, wanda a hankali ya fito daga gadi na jam'iyyar Liberal Party. A Conservatives ko da suna da damar da daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ta samar da wata gwamnati a kan nasu, don haka wannan jam'iyyar ya rare. Domin shekaru masu yawa, Jam'iyyar Conservative na Great Britain aka faruwa ta hanyar da nasarorinsu. Akwai aka juya maki, a lokacin da suka yi nasara har abada abokan hamayyar siyasa - Liberal Party. Alal misali, a lokacin da (Margaret Thatcher) bar Margaret Tetcher manufofin gwamnati, da Conservatives da mummunar. Sun rasa wuya-lashe mukamai a gwamnatin da kusan duk da goyon bayan da za ~ e.

Margaret Thatcher

Wannan shi ne mafi basu baye shugaban Jam'iyyar Conservative, na Great Britain, ba a banza, ta aka bayar da sunan "Iron Lady". A lokacin ta tashi ta fara wani lokaci na ƙi, jam'iyyar ratings steadily gangara, naúrar zama da wuya a gyara, sau da yawa unsuccessfully shugabannin canza. Daidai a cikin karfin siyasa da tunani Margaret Thatcher yi don nemo shi ya kusan ba zai yiwu. Jam'iyyar Conservative ya a ƙi.

New rayuwa ga ta zo a lokacin da a kai ya zama David Cameron, ya canza ba kawai jam'iyyar members, suka zama da ɗan ƙaramin amma ko da symbolism. Itace kore - babban harafin - shi ne wani sabon shugabanci cewa blyudot da lafiyar qasa United Kingdom. Blue kuma kore - Waɗannan su ne na aikin launuka zaba domin Conservative Party of Great Britain.

shirin

Babban taken - bambancin da daidaici. 2010 zaben m, a cikin rãyuwar shirin na iyãwarsa. A rabo na damawa da mata, kuma ta gabatar da ba kawai kabilanci, amma kuma wasu 'yan tsiraru. A zaben na sabon magajin garin London daga Musulmi al'umma ne mafi fili characterizes wannan aiki.

Ba manta, kuma gyara daga cikin tsarin tattalin arziki na United Kingdom, akwai wani gwagwarmayar da redistribution da kasafin kudin, rage kudade zamantakewa shirye-shirye, cikin shakka dauka a rationality dukkan kasafin kudin ciyarwarsu. Mazauna na kasar suna hankali yin amfani da su da irin wannan shirin rabo da Iko, don haka da zanga-zanga motsi bayyana sosai talauci, yafi, da yawan bisa ga waɗannan siyasa tushe.

hadisai

Jam'iyyar Conservative na Burtaniya, duk da haka, shi ne bisa ga al'ada mashahuri a cikin m segments na yawan da aristocracy, da darajõji aka kafa daga mambobi ne na sama soja, da limaman, attajiri wakilai, da kuma jami'an kasar. Yana Conservatives shibtar da na waje da bambance-bambance su daga sauran Birtaniya Adam - wannan hani, m tarbiyyar da ma kadan mannerisms.

Conservatives ba muhimmanci sadãkõkinsu tsarin al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma samuwar gaba ɗaya raba al'umma shugaban ya yanke shawarar cewa ko da shekara-shekara jam'iyyar taro na da hakkin ya sãɓã wa. Independence ya al'ada bambanta jama'a motsi Conservatives daga sauran jam'iyyar kungiyoyin. Majalisar zabe kuma ƙayyade cikin shakka daga kasar na tsawon shekaru biyar da kuma gwamnati. Akwai manyan jam'iyyun siyasa biyu, domin ikon, tare da sãɓãwar launukansa nasarar yaki da masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma Conservatives.

labarin

Gyare-gyaren a majalisar a 1832 bayar da impetus ga zargin kananan, kungiyoyi da cewa, suna kiran kansu da Tories da Conservatives, kamar yadda ya gyara aikinsa, shi ne musamman sun ƙi. Sa'an nan, a 1867-m, su a haɗe a matsayin National Union. A farko gagarumin shugaban na Conservatives zama Benjamin Disraeli, wanda aka wakkala Tory jam'iyyar a 1846, da kuma daga baya ya zama mai kyau, firaministan kasar (1868 da kuma 1874-1880 shekaru). Jam'iyyar Conservative na Burtaniya, wanda da shirin baya shirya kawai aristocratic Elite, sannu a hankali canza. Tun lokacin da 1870s, shi ya janyo hankulan wani babban ɓangare na za ~ e na abokan adawarsa. Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma Conservatives riga rayayye saɓa wa gwagwarmayar iko.

Mafi yawa daga cikin karni na ashirin da ya faru a karkashin mulkin Jam'iyyar Conservative, abin da bã ya Labor kuma da Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi ba su ba hukumomi fiye da daya ambatacce. Kusan shekaru talatin daga 1915, da Conservatives kafa gwamnatin kanta (kawai 1924 da kuma 1929 sun ba togiya), ko zarcewa a kawance da Labour Party ta samar da wata kasa gwamnati. Cikakken sunan jam'iyyar da kuma shi sauti kamar wasu irin jam'iyya: ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma unionist jam'iyyar. A postwar lokacin ma da aka alama ba kawai da mulkin na Conservatives. Kawai kayar a zaben majalisar dokoki na 1997, 2001 da kuma na 2005 tilasta su su tafi a cikin 'yan adawa.

nasarori

Raguwa a kudade na wasu zamantakewa da shirye-shirye da kuma jihar tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da matakai, da lissafi da a kashe kudi na kudin jama'a, ratovanie for gargajiya iyali dabi'u da kuma gabatarwa da masu zaman kansu da 'yan kasuwa da himma - duk da wannan, kamar yadda babban wuraren jam'iyyar shirin, da Conservatives sanya mafi mashahuri a cikin zabe. Da suka tsaya a ikon taimakawa kasar don cimma high sakamakon a kara kudi na habakar tattalin arziki, rage hauhawar farashin kaya, da girma da zaman kansa kasuwanci da kudin shiga. A yawan mallakar gwamnati da kamfanoni underwent sayar da kamfanonin.

Tun shekarar 2005, a lokacin da Cameron na dama-reshe jam'iyyar, kasar ta samu nasara ne ko da mafi m, fadada filin ayyuka da kuma ya karu da tasiri na Conservatives a duk duniyoyin na rayuwar al'umma da kuma siyasa. UK majalisar dokokin kasar bayan da 2010 zaben, mutum ɗari uku da shida ta tilasta Commons danƙa Jam'iyyar Conservative, wanda aka zabe game da goma sha miliyan masu jefa} uri'a. Sa'an nan Cameron kafa wani kawance da Liberal Democratic Party ta samar da wata gwamnati. A shekarar 2015, Conservatives duk kawai da rinjaye - ɗari uku da biyu 'yan majalisu.

sabon shirin

Wasu daga cikin sabon alkawarai na Conservatives a karshe zaben a Birtaniya majalisar an hõre mutuncin zargi. Alal misali, raba gardama, wanda jam'iyyar yi niyyar rike kan kasar fita daga kungiyar kasashen Turai, kazalika da na zamani da makaman nukiliya tsaro. Duk da haka, a kan ajanda da kuma sauran muhimman al'amurran da suka shafi, wanda ake shibtarsu da lokaci: kasafin kudin gaira, wanda na bukatar rage haraji, kara a kan saman da kuma babban mashaya, da samuwan mahalli, arziki na fansho da kuma more.

A nan, kuma, farin ciki da al'ada tun da ci gaban da rukunan jam'iyyar Chamberlain, wanda samarwa da ra'ayin wani kwastan jam'iyya, ya gabatar da kariyar, wanda aka tilasta barin fage na kenkenewa a duniya masana'antu, tsananta gasar (musamman Jamus). Ƙoƙarin neman yardarsu Nazi ta'adi a lokacin ya kai ga barkewar yakin duniya na II. Abin da zai faru da wannan lokaci - shi ne ba mai haske, amma dukan duniya bayan da 'yan kalamai da Conservatives dan kadan hankalinku ya tashi, ba kawai kasar Birtaniya. Conservatives a shekara ta arba'in, same kuma zabi Churchill, wanda gangarawa da gwamnatin da kuma taimaka kashi fi sani da Naziyanci. Ko da irin wannan girma adadi sami yau? Ya zauna kawai don bege. Musamman idan ka yi la'akari da cewa Churchill daga baya ya faru irreparable blunders.

shugabannin duniya

A watan Maris shekarar 1946, wannan Churchill, abokin aiki, kuma na hannun daman da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin girma War, sanya wani jawabin a American Fulton, wanda samarwa ƙungiyar na duk jari hujja sojojin for anti-tarayyar Soviet. Domin a yayin da, ko da Conservatives rasa iko. Amma a shekarar 1951 suka komo, suka zauna a cikin ikon for goma sha uku shekaru. A shekarar 1955, Churchill nasara Eden - abokin aiki da kuma aboki na shekaru masu yawa. Duk da haka, da Suez rikicin , ya gaza, kuma ya tilasta yin murabus a farkon shekarar 1957.

Bugu da ari, Conservatives sun kai ga shugabancin Macmillan, kuma Douglas-Home, amma a manufofin jama'a, ba su yi nasarar, amma a shekarar 1970 E. Heath, shugaban jam'iyyar tun shekarar 1965, sun kafa nasu UK gwamnatin. Ya gudanar da mai girma da yawa: da Accession ga Common Market, wani kwanon rufi-Turai (Abubakar). Domin wannan, ta hanyar, a cikin jam'iyyar ya aka mai tsanani soki, kuma jam'iyyar kanta da zurfin sabani tsakanin membobinta: Birtaniya ba na son wani canje-canje ko consolidations. Saboda haka, wadannan da murabus na Heath ya zama shugaba na "baƙin ƙarfe" Margaret Thatcher, wanda ba kawai farfado da jam'iyyar aiki, amma kuma ƙwarai kara kuzari da ci gaban da Birtaniya tattalin arzikin.

kashi

Bayan Churchill, Margaret Thatcher wani karfi da shugaba a cikin dukan waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Ga sa'an nan ya fara da sayar da kamfanonin da dukan sassa na jihar masana'antu da aka kusan gama mur da kungiyoyin kwadago, da kuma Conservatives ya lashe zaben tare da amincewa da kuma tare da wata babbar gefe. A shekarar 1990, Major a ta wurin ba zai iya gudu cikin ƙasar, kazalika, saboda a shekarar 1992, da Conservatives fara rasa da shahararsa. A 1997, da zaben ya kaye, a lokacin da Labour Party dauki 418 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar, yayin da Conservatives kawai 165.

Jam'iyyar Conservative shirin ya sha gagarumin canje-canje, wanda shi ne abin da ya faru. Shiryar da su zamu juya sake, da shirin kama da masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ba sai 2005, lokacin da Cameron ya zama shugaba, amma ga 'yancin kai na lokaci har yanzu bai zo: aikin da ya faru a wani kawance da sassaucin ra'ayi.

ƙungiyõyin

Conservatives - al'umma guda. Dalili na conservatism ne mai zaman jama'a Solidarity da kowa cibiyoyin, don kula da jituwa a cikin damuwa kungiyoyin da azuzuwan. A wannan ra'ayi, shi ba har sai kwanan nan sau na daban-daban jinsi da kuma addinai. Zalla na mutane, da jama'a na ƙasarsu, tare da zurfin Tushen, watsin da hadisin daga tsara zuwa tsara. Yanzu hadin kai da aka muhimmanci kara girman saboda Conservatives su da yawa magoya bayan na kungiyar tarayyar Turai da kuma kasancewarsu a cikinta, daga Great Britain.

Amma a kalla tsakanin Conservatives da kuma abokan adawar na wannan Jihar harkokin. Saboda haka, akwai na farko da kungiyar wakilan Jam'iyyar Conservative - "Daya Nation" tare da sanannun siyasa Figures Tepselem, Clark, Rifkind, da sauransu. M siyasa da kuma duk sauran abin da yashewa na shaidar dan kasa da suka aikata ba kusa. Kuma lokacin da ake bukata haƙuri! Kamar yadda Amurka siyasa zaɓuɓɓukanka da kuma sauran kasashen Turai, da ha} uri domin daban-daban dalilai ne cikakken zama dole.

free-kasuwar reshe

Wannan ƙungiya daga mabiya Margaret Tetcher, da Conservatives da liberalist nuna bambanci. Na dogon lokaci da suka mamaye da darajõji daga jam'iyyar mambobi - nan da nan bayan zaben na Margaret Thatcher a shekarar 1975, consistently rage jihar ta rawa wajen ci gaban tattalin arziki, rage har ta sa hannu a kan dukkan sassa na masana'antu, game da shi, tsayawa ta zama kamar wani zaman jama'a.

Society zama classless, shi ne babban aiki na siyasa motsi, da ake kira Thatcherism. Daga cikin shugabannin wannan reshe, da yawa eurosceptics, wanda suke da dokoki na sa baki a cikin free kasuwa, domin suna ganin shi a matsayin wata barazana ga Burtaniya da mulki. Reagan Thatcher nuna babban yabo taimako ga siyasar duniya. The United States ne ko da a hannun wani tattalin arziki liberalism cewa ta takardar sharuda raya kawai a Amurka.

bin al'adu

Wadannan ƙungiyõyin a cikin Jam'iyyar Conservative za a iya dangana ga matsananci dama: bangaskiya, da iyali, da tutar - Waɗannan su ne babban zamantakewa cibiyoyin cewa mabiya traditionalism dauki kafadu. Anglicanism, jihar, da iyali. Wannan al'adunmu aka adawa da duk wani canja wuri da iko daga kasar, ko da shi ne kungiyar kasashen Turai.

Har ila yau, proponents na wannan yunkuri da kara shige da fice, pro-rai da kuma na gargajiya iyali dabi'u, musamman, suna jayayya ga wani m aure, wanda ko da offers wasu haraji amfanin. Sun yi aiki a kalla a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere, sau da yawa kokarin warware zaman jama'a, da halin kirki da kuma al'adu al'amurran da suka shafi.