Volcanic tuffs: dũkiyarsu da kuma aikace-aikace

Abin da amfani na iya zama daga volcanic eruptions? A duban farko, yana da wani bala'i, wanda ya sa ya wuya, da kuma wani lokacin har gaba daya paralyzes rai up kusa. Amma kamar yadda wadannan mamaki suna da makawa, yana yiwuwa a sami a su da wasu amfani - a sakamakon akwai volcanic tuffs. A amfani da wannan abu ne mai sauki a samu saboda ta musamman Properties. Mene ne wannan?

Tuffs: jiki Properties

A matsayin samfurin da wani volcanic shigowa, sun iya samun sosai daban-daban abun da ke ciki. Har ila yau, dabam da yawa, wanda rinjayar da yiwuwar yin amfani da wannan kayan ga wani dalili. Ko guda aya kusa volcanic tuffs iya daban-daban qagaggun, dangane da bambanci a cikin irin eruptions da iyaye dutse.

Duk da haka, abu daya a cikin kowa a iri daban-daban na kayan da yaushe porosity. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa volcanic dutse aka sintered lafiya tarkace da kuma sharan na ash da yashi. Saboda haka, yana da gagarumin ruwa da sanyi juriya, kazalika da lightness. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, tufa, kuma har yanzu mun gwada taushi, ko da yake shi ya dogara da takamaiman samfurin. Wannan yanayin sanya shi yiwuwa a rike da irin wannan dutse ba tare da yin amfani da kayan aikin rikitarwa - kawai ta wajen wani sawa da kuma gatari. Kamar wancan karfin volcanic tuffs ne ba na baya zuwa, alal misali, dutse. Amma hada Properties na wani abu ko da m.

Sunan ya koma zuwa ga Latin tofus - don haka a cikin abin da yake a yanzu kudancin Italiya kira duk da kankara kamar dabam-dabam. Ko a yau wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi arziki a kan tuff.

tsarin

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, tuff tare da wani outpouring na tsaka tsaki, ko acidic gwada da danko sosai lavas. Liquid samar da wani asali dutse akai-akai a lokacin karkashin ruwa eruptions. Su ne fairly sauki karya saukar lãka.

Tun da filin eruptions iya karya jinsuna daban, karshe samfurin iya bambanta a abun da ke ciki: dauke da karin basalt, liparitovyh, trachyte, andesite da sauran barbashi.

jinsunan

Dangane da dalilai da dama kamar da irin da kuma site da samuwar iyaye dutse, tuff Properties iya zama daban-daban. Wannan da aka nuna ba kawai a kan ta taro da yawa, amma kuma a cikin launi.

A general, da launi palette wannan abu ne musamman bambancin: a cikin yanayi akwai, watakila, duk tabarau - daga fari da kuma madara ga greenish, duhu launin ruwan kasa, m da kuma baki. Duk da haka, da karshen ne quite rare.

Ba ko da yaushe tuff daban-daban low yawa da softness - at dogon spresovyvanii ya iya ƙarshe za a canza kama zuwa abu rasa ta porosity da kuma shi ne m, a Properties ko da obsidian.

ajiya

Zai yiwu mafi kyau-sani iri-iri ne tuff, wanda aka mined kusa da garin Artik a Armenia. Bugu da kari, akwai shi ne mafi girma filin a duniya to asali daga kyau recognizable saboda da halayyar Violet-m launi. Local adibas ne babbar - a Layer na 6-7 mita ta'allaka kawai 'yan santimita na kasar gona. A Armenia, akwai wani tushen kankara - Ani, inda shi samar da wani yellow-orange tuff.

Akwai kuma gwaji bincika adibas kusa Naples da kuma Roma, a Iceland, da Afrika ta Tsakiya na Cape Verde. Kadan m adibas suna located in Kabardino-Balkaria da Kamchatka a Rasha Federation, Georgia, Iran, New Zealand, Azerbaijan, Jamus, a cikin sanannen Yellowstone Park a Amurka. Duniya ta manyan m na dutse ne Turkey, wanda kuma yana da wasu halitta reserves.

Processing da kuma Aikace-aikacen

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, mafi yawan volcanic tuffs daidai amenable ga yankan. Wannan yanayin sanya shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan kafin zuwan nagartaccen kayan aikin. Da farko shi da damar amfani da tuff domin gina gidaje. Beautiful sauti da zafi rufi yi wannan abu ba makawa ga rai. Ko siffata da tufa muhimmanci inganta halin da ake ciki, da fiye da haka da cewa shi ne daidai dace don ado dalilai. Bugu da kari, da irin tauri tuff ma quite seysmoustochivy. A kudancin Italiya a Armenia da kuma yanzu za ka iya ganin dukan birnin gina daga wannan abu. Wasu gine-gine na wannan abu a canja ga dama ƙarni, aka kai a kai da fallasa su muhimmanci da zazzabi hawa da sauka. Saboda haka abin da za a iya kira tuff kuma duk da haka sosai m.

Wani Hanyar aikace-aikace - ban da particulate form multipurpose qagaggun for yi. Alal misali, wasu iri suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin shiri na karkashin ruwa Tsarin. Wannan ne da muhimmanci musamman idan ka sa ran daukan hotuna zuwa teku ruwa, wanda wannan volcanic dutse ne daidai resists, game da shi, da inganta zaman lafiya da kuma sinadaran da abun da ke ciki, wanda aka kara.

Sauran iri kankara kamar yadda Additives runtse da zazzabi saitin kankare, game da shi hana fatattaka. Sau da yawa, volcanic tuff da kuma amfani ga sculptures. Alal misali, sanannen mutummutumai a kan Easter Island - Moai - yanke shi daga wannan abu. Don a karami har tuffs an yi amfani ga yi na kananan iyali abubuwa.

Haka kuma, irin wannan rawa, kuma yana da wani gagarumin drawback ga wasu manufar - ba za a iya goge ko a kalla ba shi da wani sumul look. Lokacin da wani irin magani, ya zauna m dutse, wanda, duk da haka, zai iya, wani lokacin har ya zama riba.

wucin gadi tuff

Da alama cewa kawai mahalukin da zai iya haifar da irin wannan m abu. Kuma na dogon lokaci an yi tunanin cewa hanya shi ne. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci mutane sun koyi su samu wani abu kamar cewa, ba tare da sa hannu na volcanoes. Wucin gadi ko gipertuf yi tare da cakuda da yashi, siminti da peat. A ado dalilai ne ma sau da yawa kara colorants. Duk da haka, mutumin da aka yi da m dadin da yawa kasa m kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da ta halitta abin da ke faruwa analogue, kuma daya daga cikin 'yan wuraren da aikace-aikace zama wuri mai faɗi zane.