Jan van Eyck "Arnolfini Vertical"

"The Arnolfini Vertical" - mai ban sha'awa zanen. Daga daya kananan zane-zane sanya goga Jan van Eyck, za ka iya koyi da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa. Wannan zane iya jawo hankalin da ba kawai da fasaha na artist, amma kuma a Falsafa da zurfin tunani.

"The Arnolfini Vertical" an dauki daya daga cikin mafi wuya ayyukansu gabatar a cikin zanen da Arewa Renaissance na yammacin makaranta. Akwai yawa asiri a cikin wannan hoto. Muna gabatar muku da aikin van Eyck ta "Arnolfini Vertical". Description shi za ka sami wannan labarin. Amma da farko 'yan kalmomi game da artist wanda Ya halitta wannan fitacciyar.

A kadan game da Jan van Eike

Sunansa shi ne Jan van Eyck (shekaru na rayuwa - 1385 (mai yiwuwa) - 1441). Wannan zane yana da lokaci na farkon Renaissance. Jan van Eyck - master of portraiture, ya kammala a kan 100 daban-daban qagaggun a kan addini batutuwa. Yana daya daga cikin na farko artists wanda amfani da fenti. Kasa shi ne mai hoto na wani ba a sani ba. shi da aka rubuta a 1433. Mai yiwuwa, wannan shi ne wani kai-hoto. Kiyaye zanen a London ta National Gallery.

Ba mu san ainihin ranar da aka haifi Jan van Eyck. An sani cewa da aka haife shi a garin Maaseik, a Arewacin Netherlands. Ya yi karatu a nan gaba master Hubert, da yayana, da wanda ya yi aiki har sai 1426 tare. Ya aiki ya fara a kotu a The Hague jadawalai. Tun 1425 Jan van Eyck ne courtier da kuma zane-zane na Philip III da Good, Duke na Burgundy. Ya gamsu da gwaninta na artist da aikinsa biya kariminci.

An yi imani da cewa van Eyck ƙirƙira man Paint, ko da yake ya kawai inganta su. Duk da haka, mai aka sa'an nan samu a duniya a fitarwa, da kuma wannan dabara ya zama gargajiya ga Netherlands. Ta fito a Faransa da kuma Jamus, sa'an nan zuwa Italiya.

Bari yanzu mu koma ga zanen "The Arnolfini Vertical" Tsarki ya tabbata artist, kuma har yanzu haddasa jayayya. Shi ne a yanzu, kazalika da hoto na unknown, a London, a National Gallery.

Sunan zanen

Its sunan da aka farko ba a sani ba, amma a bayan shekara ɗari, mun koyi da shi godiya ga daya kaya littafin. Yana kara kamar haka: "A manyan hoto Hernoult le Fin a wani dakin tare da matarsa." An sani cewa Hernoult le Fin - Faransa form Arnolfini sunan (Italian). Its kafofin watsa labarai - manyan kuma m bankers 'iyali, wanda yana da wani reshe a Bruges a lokacin.

Wa ne wanda aka nuna a wannan hoton?

Yana da aka yi ĩmãni na dogon lokaci da cewa a zane dake nuna Giovanni Arolfini tare da matarsa da sunan Giovanna Chenami. Duk da haka, shi da aka samu a 1997 cewa biyu kawai a 1447 ya shiga wani aure, wato, shekaru 13 bayan da hoto ya bayyana, da kuma 6 shekaru bayan da artist ta mutuwa van Eyck.

An yi imani da cewa a yau wannan hoto Zagayawar Arnolfini tsohuwar matarsa, ko dan uwan da matarsa. wannan ɗan'uwansa kuwa wani Italian m, a 'yan qasar na Lucca. Ya rayu tun 1419 a Bruges. Van Eyck fentin da hoto, wanda ya yale mu mu ɗauka cewa wannan mutumin ya aboki na artist.

Amma ce domin tabbatar game da wanda aka wakilta a cikin zane-zane na Van Eyck, za mu iya ba. Mutane da yawa wargi game da shi cewa ne wanda aka nuna a cikin zane "The Arnolfini Vertical" Putin (kama shi a Arnolfini gaske ne).

Duk da haka, mu jefar da barkwanci baya da kuma ci gaba da bayanin irin zane-zane.

lokaci na samar da zane-zane da

Rubuta zanen "Arnolfini Vertical" da ke cikin Bruges a 1434. A wannan lokacin a birnin wata babbar ciniki cibiyar, ta hanyar abin da cinikayya na dukan arewacin Turai. Daga Scandinavia da Rasha da aka kawo a nan Jawo kuma itace, ta hanyar Venice da Genoa daga Gabas kwashe kayan yaji, kyãwãwa, siliki, kuma daga Portugal da Spain - lemu, da ɓaure, lemons. Rich makõma ita ce birnin Bruges.

Clothes mace

Wanda aka nuna a cikin zane The Arnolfini biyu shi mawadaci ne. Wannan a fili musamman a cikin riguna. Wife nuna a cikin dress, wanda aka yi wa ado da ermine. Yana yana da dogon wutsiya, wanda ya kamata da wani a gudanar a ranar tafiya. A wannan dress motsa shi ya yiwuwa ne kawai tare da wani musamman fasaha da aka samu a aristocratic da'irori.

Clothes mutumin a cikin hoton Van Eyck

Husband wanda aka nuna a alkyabbar, wanda aka trimmed, da kuma yiwu ya buga, Sable ko mink, da yanke a tarnaƙi, barin 'yancin da aiki, don motsawa. A kan katako, takalma da shi za a iya gani, cewa wannan mutumin ba ya kasance a cikin aristocracy. Domin ba don samun datti a cikin caɓi a kan tituna, Ladies da Gentlemen tafiya ba, a wani gadon ɗauka maras lafiya ko a kan doki.

Burgundian fashion

A Turai, yayin da akwai wani Burgundian fashion, wanda bi da biyu Arnolfini. Wannan shi ne saboda karfi al'adu da siyasa da tasiri na Duchy na Burgundy. Ba mata kawai ba, amma kuma maza tufafi a Burgundian kotu yadi ya ɓarna. Cylindrical huluna da rawani sawa da maza na babban size. A cikin hannãyen ango, a matsayin amarya, groomed da fari. Ya kunkuntar kafadu ce cewa ya yi da halin da ake ciki a cikin al'umma ba ta jiki ƙarfi.

dakin Yanayi

Fentin da wani waje m, ya rayu a aristocratic alatu a Bruges. Ya yi wani madubi, a chandelier, Oriental kyãwãwa. Glazed sama na taga a cikin gidan, da kuma tsada lemu ne a kan tebur.

Duk da haka, da narrower da birane-fentin dakin Van Eyck ( "Arnolfini Vertical"). A wani yanayi mamaye da gado, kamar yadda ya saba a duk birnin bariki. Labule aka tashe a kan ranar da shi, kuma yana da baƙi a cikin wannan daki, a zaune a kan gadon. Na fadi a cikin dare, kuma akwai "dakin a cikin dakin" - rufaffiyar sarari.

ciki dakin bayani

Playing ciki, van Eyck paints shi a matsayin bikin aure dakin. Ya ƙara da yawa na boye ma'anoni da idon basira image na abubuwa a cikin dakin a cikin zanen "The Arnolfini Vertical". A alamu wanda aka nuna a kan shi ne da yawa.

Alal misali, wata alama ce da Allah ya duka-gani ido ne a zagaye madubi da cewa nuna Figures na biyu mutanen da suke ba bayyane zuwa ga viewer, amma a cikin dakin.

Lemu da suke a kan taga sill da wani low tebur, allude zuwa sama ni'ima. Fall apple alama. Aminci yana nufin kadan kare. Takalma - alama ce soyayya da kuma addini a cikin mata. Rosary - wata alama ce da taƙawa, kuma goga ne wata ãyã tsarki.

Daya kyandir a cikin chandelier, lit a lokacin da rana, alama ce sufi da kasancewar Ruhu Mai Tsarki bikin. A kan garun zuwa karanta rubutu, wanda ya yi niyyar baiwa da artist: "Jan van Eyck ya nan". Saboda haka, ya bayyana cewa, wannan ya kasance mai zane mai shaida a tsohon Dutch al'ada na betrothal ba a cikin coci da kuma gida.

Wannan hoto ne na gani hujja daga cikin bikin aure bikin. Bugu da kari, za mu iya cewa shi ne mai aure takardar shaidar. Saboda sa hannu a kan nisa bango asidu da gaban da shaida, da abubuwa a matsayin wani artist. Wannan hoto yana daya daga cikin na farko a cikin art, sa hannu da marubucin.

Wasu sassa na mace image

A wani festive, marmari dress amarya ado a kan zane. Kawai tun da tsakiyar karni na 19th zama gaye fari bikin aure dress. Ta taso keya ciki, a cewar wasu masu bincike, da wata ãyã daga ciki ne ba. Ya, tare da kananan ƙirãza, high ja, amsoshin wanzu a wannan lokaci (a zamanin marigayi Gothic) misali daga cikin misali na kyakkyawa.

Yawan adadin kwayoyin da aka saka a kan wannan mace, kuma a cikin layi tare da rinjaye fashion a lokacin. Wannan shi ne kawai na al'ada karimcin, bisa ga bincike. Yana da aka yi nufi, daidai da hali zuwa aure da iyali, don nuna a fakaice haihuwa. Bayan zanen "The Arnolfini Vertical" da aka rubuta da artist a kan lokaci na bikin aure ma'aurata wakilta a kan shi. Duk da haka, da matsayin mace ta hannunka a kan zane damar domin yiwuwar ta ciki, ko da yake za a iya zaci cewa tare da wannan karimcin ta kawai dauke da kalmasa ta dress.

Aure na hagu

Yana yiwuwa a cikin hali na Arnolfini bukatar wani auren, domin shi ne bayyananne cewa muna a cikin hoto ne da ake kira "Halin da hannunsa na hagu." Mun gani a kan yanar gizo, da ango riko da hannun amarya ta hagu maimakon dama, bisa ga al'ada da ake bukata. Irin wannan aure tsakanin maza na unequal matsayi a al'umma, da kuma aikata har cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th.

Mace yawanci faru daga wani m aji. Ta kamata ba up da hakkin gādonsa zuwa zũriyarsu da su kansu. Maimakon ta samu, bayan rasuwar mijinta a wani adadin. Auren, kamar yadda mai mulkin, bayar a kan safe wadannan bikin aure. Saboda haka, da aure fara kira morganicheskim (daga Jamus kalma "morgen", ma'ana "safe").