Andre Breton: biography, na sirri rayuwa, da hotuna da lakabi da bayyanai, quotes

A lokacin da a wata hira ko rubutu akwai da kalmar "surrealism", na farko da ƙungiyoyi da ta zo hankali - yana da "art" da kuma "Salvador Dali". Domin da yawa da personification na fashion a farkon rabin karni na karshe, shugabanci shi ne daidai da babban hoaxer. Duk da haka, surrealism fara, a maimakon haka, shayari, sa'an nan aka ci gaba a zanen. The kafa yana dauke su shugabanci na Andre Breton. Artist, marubuci kuma mawãƙi, Ya halitta wata akida na surrealism. Kuma dukan ransa ne ya cibiyar.

Andre Breton: biography daga haihuwa zuwa Farko Duniya

Haife Faransa marubuci zo a cikin 1896 (Fabrairu 19) a Normandy. Iyaye mafarki cewa dansu zai sami garabasa sana'a da kuma zama a mutunta mutum. Andre disaccustomed coci makaranta, sa'an nan a cikin koleji a Paris, kuma a karshe ya shiga Sorbonne Faculty of Medicine. Ko da yake Andre Breton likita bai zama cewa ta samo asali kusan lokaci guda sha'awa cikin halin tababbu, zai kawo ta hanyar rayuwar. A binciken da kuma ra'ayoyin cewa ka fito daga gare shi a cikin tsari na karatu da kuma fahimtar ayyukan Charcot, Freud, sa'an nan kuma, a nan gaba zai zama daya daga cikin tushe na akida na surrealism.

juya maki

Riga a lokacin da nazarin Andre fara nazarin wallafe-wallafe. A lokacin farko Duniya, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ma'ana a wani asibiti da ya gana da Guillaume Apollinaire, sanannen mawãƙi, wanda daga baya buga da kalmar "surrealism". Wannan ya biyo ta wani taro tare da Fillipom Supo. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Paris bayan da yaki, Andarawas, da Filibus, da aboki Louis Aragon dauki wani aiki da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan, wanda ke haifar da halittar wani sabon stylistic shugabanci.

bayan da yaki,

Andre Breton bayan demobilization shiga cikin duniyar shayari. Ya ganin darajarsa ayyukan Apollinaire, ya yi farin ciki don karanta William Blake da Lautréamont, kuma a cikin layi daya ci gaba da karatu ilimin halin tababbu.

A shekara ta 1919, Andre Flippen da Soupault da kuma Louis Aragon bude mujallar "Wallafe-wallafe". A lokaci guda, Breton fara shiga a cikin ayyukan promoters Dada, wani avant-garde trends, ta babban dabara wanda dauke da tsanaki halakar da wani ilmi. Ya gana da kafa na motsi, Tristan Tzara. Duk da haka, Andre kyawawan azumi "outgrown" Dada. By 1922, ya sulale daga wannan Trend da kuma ci gaba da haifar da nasu salon. A wannan shekara, Andre Breton, wani sirri rai wanda suna cike da nasara da kuma alamar aukuwa a Vienna ya gana da Sigmund Freud. A mawãƙi burge mahaliccin psychoanalysis gwaje-gwajen a hypnotic mafarkai. Su fahimtar Freud Breton aiki nan yana amfani da a ci gaba da surrealism akida.

sabon shugabanci

A farko tarin waqe da Andre Breton bayar a shekarar 1923. Yana da aka kira "The Light of cikin ƙasa." Kuma a cikin gaba, 1924, ya zama shugaban kungiyar, kawo tare artists da kuma kasida da Surrealists. Yawan mabiya sabon Trend hada da Pablo Picasso, Francis Picabia, Max Ernst, Pol Elyuar kuma, ba shakka, Aragon da Soupault, kuma har ma da yawa daga cikin matasa artists. A wannan lokaci, da mafi yawan abubuwa na surrealism an riga an kafa, amma sabon shugabanci rasa wasu jituwa da kuma tsabta. Andre da abokansa buga da masu sauraro ya yi yãki, kuma scandals, a nune-nunen da kuma a cikin liyafa dakunan, m gabatar da art. Breton, duk da haka, quite da sauri gane cewa aikin banza ne m motsi, wanda dogara ne a kan irin hanyoyin da kai-magana.

manifesto na surrealism

Babban ra'ayin wani sabon m shugabanci da aka saita fito a farko Shelar na Surrealism, wanda a 1924 rubuta Andre Breton. daftarin aiki quotes dole yau bi wani rubutu game da tarihin na shirin ko shakka.

Surrealism a Faransa - "superreality". Breton ya bayyana manufarta a Shelar kamar yadda zai yiwu a mafi sosai kau da iyaka tsakanin mafarki da gaskiya (da kuma a nan shi ne da wuya ba to lura da consonance ra'ayoyi na Freud). Da ɗan baya, a muqala "Surrealism da kuma zanen" Andre zai dauko wani sabon shugabanci da take ba m style, amma hanyar rayuwa da kuma tunani, free daga intrusive da kuma wucin gadi ka'idodinta dabaru da kuma halin kirki muhimmi a cikin al'adun da lokaci.

Babban Hanyar

Breton shawara don comrades da wata sabuwar hanya ta haifar da wani aiki na fasaha, musamman shayari kuma litattafan. Sun zama "atomatik rubutu" - da hanyar da free magana ba tare da constraining da kuma iyakance hankali iko, ilmi da kuma halin kirki. Tare da shi a 1920 da Andre Breton tare da haɗin gwiwar Filippom Supo rubuta "Magic Fields", da aka buga a mujallar "Wallafe-wallafe".

A ta da cikakken magana "atomatik rubutu" ya zama wani m, ba fallasa da dandano fifiko, da kayadadden ji na yanzu-yanzu yanayi. Yana da free of ciki da waje tsoma ne m tunani, ba tare da impurities da kuma gazawa.

Ideologist na surrealism iya canza "atomatik rubutu", kuma domin da bukatun lafiya art. Andre Breton zane-zane a hanyar kamanta rubutu. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ra'ayoyin na duniya-shahara, da kuma a yau artists halitta su Masterpieces.

A Breton ta zane-zane a cikin saba ma'anarta, kusan babu wani. Za ka iya tuna da "Paracelsus", a Playing katin tare da wani hoto na biyu dorinar ruwa halitta da Andre kafin barin for the United States, ko «Surrealist wuri mai faɗi», rubuta a lokacin da ya fi sha'awa, Dadaism. Duk da haka, mafi ban sha'awa hoto aiki na marubucin - abin da ake kira stihoveschi embodying kira na gani art kuma shayari. Kalmomi da suka kasance sunã maye gurbinsu kankare abubuwa. Bayan da yawa gwajen Breton zo ga ƙarshe cewa images fi kyau kai da ma'anar. Duk da haka, marubucin stihoveschi ko da yaushe kawota cikin fi'ili comments.

amincewa da shugaban

Breton ba su sãɓã ba dadi fushi. Mutane da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki tayar da rigidity na shugaban mulkin kama karya da kuma bar motsi. A wurin su ko da yaushe ya zo da sabon. Saboda haka, Aragon da Soupault ba hanya zuwa Buñuel da Dali. By cewa lokaci (30s na karshe karni) mujallar "Wallafe-wallafe" An sauya "Surrealist juyin juya halin", da aka buga littafinsa Breton ta "Nadja", kwatanta ta da marubucin (1928, daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan marubucin), da kuma riga da aka ambata muqala " Surrealism da kuma zanen "(1928) da aka buga da muqala" juyin juya halin farko da kuma har abada "(1925). Surrealism matsayin wani sabon abu, "sabo" hanyar rayuwa da kuma hanyar tunanin game da gaskiya ya fara yada a duniya.

New kwatance mabiya kawo tare da su ƙarin ƙarfin da kuma ra'ayoyin. Tasirin surrealism a general da kuma, musamman, a kan Breton art kawai tsananta. Andre darajar mafi fili kwatanta ta da cewa bayan mutuwarsa da shugabanci tsotse dade wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, kawai 'yan shekaru.

'yan shekarun nan

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Breton yana zaune a Amurka, inda ya ci gaba da haifar da kuma amince surrealism. Tare da Ernst da Duchamp, ya buɗe International Nunin of Art. A Yale, ya ba da lacca a kan surrealism. A shekarar 1945, Breton koma zuwa Faransa. Ga shi rayayye nemi sake tsohon motsi, amma yunkurin duk a banza.

Bayan ya dawo zuwa Faransa, Andre halarci Paris shows, rubuta a yawan litattafan da shayari ( "Arcane 17", "Ode zuwa Charles Fourier", "fitila Hours", "Poems" da sauransu). Malaman tarihi sun kuma lura ƙãra amfani ideologist na surrealism a shekaru ashirin da shekaru ransa ga occult. A shekarar 1966 (Satumba 28), ya rasu na ciwon huhu.

sakamako

Abu ne mai sauki mu fahimci abin da ake da farko tunawa da zurriyar Andre Breton. Pictures da sunayen da zane master samu ba don haka sauki. Yau Breton - musamman da kafa surrealism, mawãƙi da kuma litattafan marubuci, a master of kalmomi. Da tasiri za a iya gani a da yawa adabi a lokacin tsakiyar da kuma karshen karni na karshe. Duk da haka, a cikin master ayyukan zana wahayi da kuma ci gaba da yin haka shi ne har yanzu babban adadin artists.

Duk da cewa sanya Andre Breton: zane-zane, bayanin da babban ideas na babban m yayi na farko da rabi na karni na 20th, da kuma aikin jaridar shayari - aiwatuwa da ka'idodinta surrealism. Breton shirya wani sabon Trend ta hanyar hada da yanayi da kuma halin ya zamanin al'ada, kuma ta haka ne ya ba da iko m cajin ga ma'adanin na nan gaba. Surrealism kuma a yau wahayi da babban yawan mutane don ƙirƙirar sabon ayyuka a fannoni daban daban na art, daga zanen da litattafan ga fina-finai da kuma music.