Jini analysis: iri, bidiyon dikodi da Manuniya

Jini - yana daya daga cikin na kowa firamare da kuma karin bayani bincike hanyoyin. Bisa ga sakamakon, za ka iya yin hukunci a hukumar da ke mulki, domin a sadar, don tabbatar da ko shanyewa da ganewar asali, domin sanin abin da mataki da cutar da kuma daidaita wajabta magani, domin sanin matakin na hormones domin kara sabawa. Analysis na jini, da iri da aka sanar wa dukan likitoci, suna gudanar ba kawai marasa lafiya, amma kuma daidai da lafiya mutanen da suka sha na yau da kullum likita rajistan shiga-rubucen sau ɗaya a shekara (a kindergartens da makarantu, a wurin aiki, a cikin sojojin). Saboda haka, watakila, ba a cikin mutum na kasar mu, wanda zai yi ba ya zo a fadin m kuma da ɗan tsoratarwa Figures a cikin alluna da sakamakon bincike.

Jini gwaje-gwaje: iri

Akwai su da yawa daban-daban jini gwaje-gwaje:

• A hormones.
• Sugar.
• Test domin sanin allergens.
• Immunoassay.
• Clotting.
• Domin ƙari saka alama.
• Don tabbatar da ciki da sauransu.

Don fara, la'akari da biyu daga cikin na kowa da kuma a lokaci guda hana mutane sauki bincike na haƙuri:

• Biochemical.
• Clinical (shared / fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa).

Biochemistry

Kafin ka koyi da halaye na biochemical bincike na jini a manya, da tebur wanda za a bai kasa, za mu fahimci, abin da ya ke for.

Direction Biochemistry - wannan ne wani takarda da GPS ba kullum stacks. Ya aka nada don shirya kowane haƙuri sau daya a shekara a saka idanu a jihar da kiwon lafiya bayan wani fama da wata rikitarwa da cutar, kazalika da wani mutum wanda ya samu zuwa asibiti.

Jini Samfur da aka yi ne kawai daga jijiyar (yawanci a cikin gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa, amma akwai iya zama bambancin da shinge daga jijiyoyinmu a hannuwan, feet, kafafu) da kuma ko da yaushe da safe, a kan komai a ciki. Bayan da gwajin tube hanya aka aiko zuwa na musamman dakin gwaje-gwaje. A analysis sakamakon yawanci shirya gobe.

Norms na biochemical bincike na jini a manya: a tebur

nuna alama	naúrar na ji	Ƙananan iyaka na al'ada	Na sama da iyaka al'ada
Sugar / glucose	mmol / l	3.3	5.5
urea	mmol / l	2.5	8.3
Jini nonprotein nitrogen (saura)	mmol / l	14.3	28.6
creatinine	micromole / lita	44	106
lipids kowa	g / l	4	8
cholesterol	mmol / l	3.6	7.8
Low yawa lipoprotein, LDL / LDL Cholesterol	mmol / l	namiji: 2,02 Mata: 1,92	namiji: 4,79 Mata: 4,51
High yawa lipoprotein, HDL / HDL Cholesterol	mmol / l	Men: 0,72 Mata: 0,68	namiji: 1,63 Mata: 2,28
atherogenic factor		0	3
Triglycerides (da kudi ne karfi da dogara a kan shekaru da kuma jima'i. A dabi'u ga yana da shekaru 35-40 shekaru)	mmol / l	namiji: 0,61 Mata: 0,45	namiji: 3,62 Mata: 1,99
phospholipids	mmol / l	2,51	2,92
bilirubin	micromole / lita	8.5	20,55
gina jiki	g / l	65	85
albumin	g / l	35	50
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)	Iu / l	10	38
Alt (alanine aminotransferase)	Iu / l	7	41
Gamma-glutamyl	mmol / l	maza: 15 mata: 10	Men: 106 mata: 66
alkaline phosphatase	Iu / l	20	140
alli	mmol / l	2.15	2,50
potassium	mmol / l	3.5	5.5
sodium	mmol / l	136	145
chlorine	mmol / l	98	107
iron	mmol / l	namiji: 11,64 Mata: 8,95	maza: 30,43 mata: 30,43

A ra'ayi na tattalin arzikin a cikin gundumar asibitoci da likitoci sau da yawa ba la'akari da shi wajibi ne don aika marasa lafiya da al'ada da cikakken bincike, sa'an nan siffar wasu iri biochemical jini gwaje-gwaje a kan kwatance wanda za a kasaftawa kawai wasu halaye.

Alal misali, idan haƙuri tanã kai ƙãra na hanta matsalolin, yana da dauki jini bilirubin (total), kuma jimlar gina jiki, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-GTP, C-amsawa gina jiki, alkaline phosphatase.

Idan likita ake zargi da cewa haƙuri yana da ciwon sukari, shi zai iya za'ayi da farko biochemical bincike cikin sugar (glucose) domin tabbatar da ko refute jarrabawa.

Marasa lafiya ne duk daban-daban da kuma gogaggen likita, idan akwai wani kai tsaye bayyanar cututtuka da cutar, ba za ku ciyar da kudi na haƙuri, kuma asibiti albarkatu a banza. Bayan 'yan sau a shekara kawai don ciyar da wani cikakken janar jini analysis, ba tare da wata shaida, ba lallai ba ne.

Complete jini count

Saboda haka nazyvaaetsya jini gwajin iri da ya kamata a yi kawai a kan komai a ciki (ko da yatsa zai dauki jini ko jijiyoyinmu).

Yau aunawa yi a cikin wannan binciken da za'ayi ta atomatik a kan musamman Hematology analyzers.

Babban sigogi na asibiti jini analysis ne:

• Haemoglobin - erythrocyte bangaren, wanda ake bayyana ga tsokoki da kuma gabobin da oxygen. Rage adadin haemoglobin sa nama hypoxia. A kullum na mata - 120-140 g / l, a cikin maza - 135-160 grams / lita.
• Leukocytes (yawan). Leukocytes - jini Kwayoyin wanda babban aiki - kariya da ake dasu antigens, ƙari Kwayoyin. OK: (4 - 9) × 10 ⁹ / l.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - wani nuna alama na Pathology a cikin jiki. A mata, da na kullum ne har zuwa 12 mm / hour, maza - har zuwa 8 mm / hr.
• Hematocrit - da ja da maikacin jini. Idan hematocrit ne ta ƙara, yana yiwuwa ya ɗauka gaban erythrocytosis ko cutar sankarar bargo. Idan downgraded - anemia, overhydration, ciki. A kullum na mata - 0,360-0,460 l / l a maza 0,400-0,480 l / l;
• Erythrocytes (yawan). Kara a yawan ja jini Kwayoyin iya nuna jini clots, marurai, cututtuka da kodan. A rage - na jini hasara, anemia, ciki, da dai sauransu A kudi ga maza (4-5,15) x 10 ¹² L mata -. (3.7-4.7) × 10 ¹² l.

Abin da kuma zai iya nuna jini gwajin

Don amsa wannan tambaya, abin da suke da gwaje-gwaje domin jini, wanda dole ne farko fahimci abin da jini da kuma abin da nake bukata shi.

Jini - a masana'anta jiki, kunsha na jini (da ruwa) da sel (leucocytes, erythrocytes da platelets). Yana circulates ta hanyar da jini a karkashin contractions daga cikin zuciya da kuma amfanin jiki duk gabobin jikin mutum.

A jini zama dole ga mutum zuwa ga:

• Don canja wurin carbon dioxide daga kyallen takarda zuwa ga huhu, da kuma oxygen - baya.
• Haihuwa da Kwayoyin daga kyallen takarda gina jiki.
• Tsara yanayin jiki.
• Kunsa sharar gida da kuma abubuwa masu cutarwa ga kodan da kuma sauki ga m kawar daga jiki.
• Tare da canja wurin hormones kisa tare duk sashin jiki da tsarin.
• Tabbatar da kare jiki.
• Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jiki.
• Tabbatar da aiki da jikinsu, ba su danniya a kan zuciya.

Haka, mun fahimce cewa jini zai iya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa matsaloli da yawa a cikin jiki: babu keta a cikin aikin na kowane daga cikin tsarin, kowane sashen jikin mutum. Shi ne kawai ya cancanta a lokacin da za a yi a jini gwajin, likita zai zabi abin da iri, da kuma warware wannan tatsuniya.

thyroid hormone

Yanzu, kusan kowane biyar jama'a na mu mai girma kasa, za ka iya samun wasu laifuffukan da kuma tafka magudi a cikin thyroid gland shine yake. Idan dubawa likita ake zargi da canje-canje zai aika da mãsu haƙuri ga duban dan tayi (US) jarrabawa na thyroid gland shine yake, kazalika da jini gwajin for TSH (thyroid-haramta motsa hormone da lambar). Bayan duk malfunctions na jiki gubar zuwa rasa haihuwa, libido cuta, da matsaloli tare da shafi tunanin mutum aiki, da sauri da kuma mutum a lokacin da wani kamuwa da cuta da kuma kumburi a jikinsa.

Alamomi ga jini kyauta a cikin adadin thyroid hormone

Suna nan kamar haka:

• Rayuwa ne a wani yanki da gano aidin rashi.
• Bayan wani tiyata.
• Idan kana da matsaloli a conceiving da kuma dauke da wani yaro.
• Idan kana amfani da hormonal hanyoyin kariya da ciki (iko TTG sau daya a shekara).

Lokacin da baya gano keta a cikin prostate, domin sa idanu kan hanya na cutar da kuma zabin da kwayoyi.

Munanan a cikin wannan bincike zai iya magana game da al'amurran da suka shafi irin su:

• Hypothyroidism (low thyroid aiki).
• Hyperthyroidism (ƙãra aiki na prostate).

Lokaci gano kadan sabawa daga na kullum amenable ga lafiya magani gyara, kuma tsanani da kuma marigayi ganewa na cuta na iya bukatar m magani. Idan wani m show sama al'ada thyroid-haramta motsa hormone, shi ne m sanya wani duban dan tayi na thyroid gland shine yake da shi ne wata ila don lifelong hormone maye far.

Norma Manuniya na thyroid haramta motsa hormone

Don fayyace wannan bincike da kuma kula da cutar Hakika rubũta cikakken jini gwajin for TSH, wanda ya hada da:

• Free T3 (hormone cewa shi ne alhakin da oxygen musayar). Na kullum - 2,6-5,7 pmol / L.
• Free T4 (hormone alhakin gina jiki metabolism). Na al'ada - 9-22 mmol / l.
• Antibodies da furotin thyroglobulin (don kauce wa autoimmune cututtuka tsarin). Na al'ada - to 18 raka'a / ml ..

Yana da muhimmanci kafin tattara jini TSH hormones bari m barasa, hormonal hana da sauran kwayoyi dauke da hormones. Shi ne kuma dole a iyakance motsa jiki da kuma daina wani yini na sha.

jini clotting

Sai ya faru da cewa wani mãkirci likita jarrabawa ko a lokacin da bincike saukarwa a bazata sa'ba da jini yawa. Idan wani take hakkin da aka gano a lokacin da biochemical analysis, da ilimin zai ba shugabanci da kara bincike a kan jini coagulation. Me kuke kira shi kimiyya to tuna - koaugologramma.

Shi ne kuma mai nuni ga analysis ne:

• Ãyõyin shafe tsawon zub da jini, bruising, ko da daga kananan latsa.
• A gaba aiki.
• Cututtuka na zuciya, hanta, jini.
• Pregnancy.
• Saukar da wata barã'aa.

Analysis na coagulation ya hada da babban sa na Manuniya:

nuna alama	na kullum
prothrombin index	12-20 seconds.
APTT	38-55 seconds.
jini fibrinogen	2.0-3.5 g / l
thrombin lokaci	11-17,8 seconds.
jini recalcification	60-120 seconds.
Haƙuri zuwa heparin	3-11 min
Karyata wata jini gudan jini	daga 44% zuwa 65%

Idan wani mutum da aka nada don nazarin jini clotting, da sunan ya ba zai iya tuna. Kowane haƙuri sami wani musamman inda za a ba da lokaci, da sunan bincike da kuma dole bukatun ga ta aiwatar, dangane da nufin ganewar asali:

• Fingerstick kayan shinge abu don capillary jini clotting kimantawa.
• Shinge na jijiyoyinmu daga abu don a samar da venous jini kima.

Wannan bincike, kamar wasu da dama, akwai buƙatar ka kai a kan komai a ciki.

Analysis na mace hormones

Good hormones - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga al'ada aiki na dukan kwayoyin. Shi ya dogara a kan shi al'ada barci, alheri, da ikon jiki aiki. A binciken da hormonal bango dole ga mata da wadannan cututtuka:

• Rashin barci.
• nauyi riba ko mai tsanani nauyi asara.
• Katsalandan na hailar sake zagayowar.
• Irritability.

Lokacin da wani rashin daidaituwa a hormonal matakai a mata tasowa cikin sharuddan kiwon lafiya da matsaloli na haihuwa tsarin (ciki har da fibroids, cysts, polycystic), katsalandan ga psyche, kiba / emaciation, sa'ba ko ƙarshe na a cikinsu, da rashin haihuwa, namiji juna gashi girma a jiki da kuma more.

Saboda haka, a jini gwajin ga mace hormones sun hada da:

• Follicle-haramta motsa hormone.
• Prolactin.
• Luteinizing hormone.
• Estriol.
• Progesterone.
• Follicle-haramta motsa hormone.
• DHEA-sulfate.

Yana da daraja ambaton cewa matakin na da yawa hormones dabam da yawa, dangane da mataki na sake zagayowar, don haka ka bukatar a hankali bi umarnin da likita kafin jini kyauta. Duk wani bincike a kan hormones ko da yaushe wuce a kan komai a ciki, 1-2 sa'o'i bayan tada.

Ɗa namiji hormones

• Testosterone.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.

Analysis na da ɗa namiji hormones za a iya sanya mata da maza. The abu ne cewa, androgens ne da alhakin drive (libido) a cikin mata da maza. Musamman, testosterone tsoma ma a kan sebaceous gland, tsokoki da kuma kwakwalwa.

Analysis na yawan androgen, maza da mata zauna a kowace rana da safe a kan komai a ciki.