Suka gina Cathedral na Gaske Shelar. Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Kremlin: description

The dogon tarihi na Rasha jihar aka nuna a cikin Monuments na art, gine da kuma wallafe-wallafe. A babban birnin kasar na cikin sararin kasa - Moscow da kuma ta tsakiya - da Kremlin, wanda a yau shi ne ba kawai da wurin zama na gwamnati da kuma shugaba, amma kuma gidan kayan gargajiya da ta nuna duk turakun na zama mai girma da iko. Musamman a cikin gine-gine da kuma tarihi na hadaddun iya gaya baƙi da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa. Kowane gini yana da wani ɓangare na mu da: hasumiya, murabba'ai, gidãjen Aljanna, majami'u na Moscow Kremlin. Cathedral na Gaske Shelar nasa ne mafi tsoho gine-gine, wuraren bauta, adana a cikin ta, Dates baya ga tsawon samuwar Kiristanci a Rasha.

wuri

The gine-gine cibiyar na Moscow Kremlin ne Cathedral Square. Biyu m tarihi Monuments suna located tare da kewaye. Kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na square ne Cathedral na Gaske Shelar, wanda sau da yawa ake kira da zinariya-domed, ya aka tsarkake a cikin sunan Gaske Shelar na Virgin. A haikali ne na musamman da wakilin tsoho gine-gine, da lu'u-lu'u na Kremlin. Kan dogon tarihi ta zama ba, ya sake sau da yawa, ado da kowane gaba wakilin gidan sarauta daular, amma shi ya ba rasa babban manufar da farko foreseen siffofin. Domin sanin wanda ya gina da Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin, dole ka kunna da tarihi na halitta. An sani ga labarinsa na kafofin a karshen XIV Cathedral shi riga ya wanzu.

labarin

Da katako coci na Gaske Shelar na unspecified data da aka gina a 1290. A cewar labari, wani tsari domin gina da aka bai da Prince Andrew, wanda ya dan Aleksandra Nevskogo. Suka gina Cathedral na Gaske Shelar a cikin na asali katako version ne ba a sani ba, amma ta ƙarshen XIV karni shi wanzu a cikin wannan tsari. Da bukatar karfafa da kuma sabuntawa na coci tashi bayan da shi da aka tsĩrar Byzantine icon "Almasihu a cikin sacristy na fari." An hade da wannan taron farko rubuta ambaci nan gaba babban coci. Don yau version na asali yi ba a yi da shi wani bayani. Girman, marubucin gine-gine, ciki da kuma na waje ado na coci zama wani asiri da cewa ba za a iya bijiro. Tun farkon da XIV karni fara gina da dutse coci, wanda daga baya aka gane a matsayin Cathedral na Gaske Shelar. Tarihi na kara canji na haikali ne inextricably nasaba da yarima, sa'an nan kuma sarauta iyalan mulki a Rasha.

XV karni

Cikin jiki a cikin dutse coci da aka zamar masa dole ya Basil I (dan Dmitry Donskoy), shi wanda ya yi umurni da sa ɗakin sujada ga 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali. Babban yanayin ne da gina ta kusanci zuwa ga masauki da bẽnãye, don haka da Cathedral a Moscow Kremlin Gaske Shelar gari da ake kira haikali "a kan baranda." A 1405 ya fentin da ciki ado da aka yi shahara Rasha painters (F. Greek, A. Rublev). The gine-gine da fasali na halitta tsari, ta zane nuna rinjayar da Byzantine style, wanda aka dauke saboda da samuwar Kristanci a wannan lokaci. Fiye da shekaru 70 da haikalin aiki a canzawa da kuma a 1483 aka hallaka a kan umarni na Ivan III.

A yi na babban coci

Cikakken karshe Kremlin gine-gine ta fara da 1480. Duke na Moscow, Ivan III gayyace Italian Masters aiki, amma tare da yanayin da na sake fasalin takardun kudin kuma na dukan hadaddun na gine-gine a cikin tsohon Rasha style. Suka gina Cathedral na Gaske Shelar? Daga cikin tarihin lokaci fairly sanannun gaskiya, yana mai cewa Haikalin da aka gina ta Rasha gine-ginen. Domin wadannan ayyuka da aka hannu a cikin Pskov gine-ginen, wanda tare da taimakon na Moscow Masters sun fara gina Haikali a 1984. Kafuwar tsohon ginshiki bauta masa haka. E. The babban coci da aka gina daga cikin wannan siffar kamar yadda tsohon daya.

wuya aiki tsaya a gaban Rasha Masters, ta kasance a cikin daidaituwa shige zuwa cikin haikali hadaddun na gine-gine na Kremlin. Daga tarihin ƙarshen XIV karni, ba za ka iya ko da koyi da sunayen wadanda suka gina Cathedral na Gaske Shelar a Moscow wannan Masu daga Pskov Myshkin da Krivtsov. Ya kamata a lura da talanti guda na wadannan mutane, godiya ga kokarin da, da Kremlin ya samu wani musamman tsarin da sha da tarihi na jihar kan ƙarni na rayuwa.

architecture

A 1489 da gina babban coci da aka gama, ya lit Lardi Gerontius. Hankula fasali na gine-gine da hadisai na Moscow da kuma Pskov Masters za a iya gano a cikin wannan gini. A matsayin pre-data kasance Haikalin, yana da square siffar da aka yi aure tare da uku kawunansu. A tsakiyar ɓangare housed da al'amudi, wanda ya sãɓã, domin kowane bango na low baka. Cross-domed gini da aka kewaye da rufe galleries. mi tsarin daura Haikalin tare da zama gine-gine na Kremlin hadaddun. Apses (rufe kananan bagaden sako) aka located a gefen gabas. Main (addini) nadi ba hana m amfani, wanda ta haifa da Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Kremlin. Description bagaden sa ya yiwu a ɗauka cewa a cikin ginshiki a iya adana jihar taskar.

ganawa

Grand shugabannai, sa'an nan duk Rasha tsars amfani da Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Kremlin a matsayin makwabtaka coci. Yana aikatãwa ne duk iyali sharu ɗ (baftisma, bikin aure). A babban coci ya zama m uba na mulkin Rasha, ya professed shi, ya taimaka shirya da kuma tabbaci so, Yã sanya sarki shawara a dogon tattaunawa. A Gaske Shelar Church kiyaye darajar da yarima (sarauta) iyali (sauran kaya, gumaka, kaya daga tsarkaka). A farko shugabannin Moscow adana a shi ta aljihun. Kowane wakilin gaba daular, ya hau gadon sarautar, kokarin inganta ciki na babban coci, don ya bayyanar da wani abu na nasu, a bar tunatarwa a kan su zuriyarsa.

XVI karni

Suka gina Cathedral na Gaske Shelar, wanda muke gani a yau? A tambaya shi ne ba da sauki, ginin da aka sabunta akai-akai, dangane da gobara a Moscow da kuma a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma juyin juya hali. A mafi gagarumin canji a cikin bayyanar da haikalin ya faru a lokacin XVI karni. Vasily III a lokacin mulkinsa umurce su da su fenti da haikalin "m." Wannan aikin janyo hankalin mafi kyau painters a Rasha (Theodosius, Fedor Edikeev). Babban sabubban frescoes an kiyaye su, amma ado na babban coci a can da kuma kammala da duwatsu masu daraja. Yawan domes karu zuwa 9 (alama Mai Tsarki Virgin a tsohon Kiristanci), kowanne daga wanda aka rufi da zinariya, don haka ya zama Zlatoverkh babban coci. A kudancin bakin ƙofar da umurninsa ne aka yi nufi kawai ga sarauta ziyarar (ya'yan sarakuna ba) iyali, inda suka mika fita sadaka da sauran bayan da sabis.

Ivan Grozny

A 1547 Moscow da Kremlin gine-gine muhimmanci shafi da babban wuta. Cathedral na Gaske Shelar ya ba togiya, don haka Ivan Grozny umurce shi zuwa cikakken warke (ko ginin). A 1564, da Haikalin da aka gina, fentin, ado mafi richly fiye da a karkashin ubansa (Vasily III), da kuma hasken. Shirayin ado da sassaka fari dutse portals, wanda aka tsara da Italian Masters. Musamman ga cewa lokaci karfe jan ƙõfõfi, ado da zinariya. Yana da aka partially kerata iconostasis da fentin vault, ganuwar da kuma ginshikan da Haikali. Izini da Ivana Groznogo da Gaske Shelar Cathedral ne a haɗe shirayi (Grozny), a bada shi, shi ne wurin da ya hango wani harbinger da ya mutu.

zamani tarihi

Ya dauki kursiyin da Romanov daular, wanda kuma kiyaye da ado Cathedral na Gaske Shelar. Its m tarihi misali ne na mai da hankali hali zuwa Old Rasha wuraren bauta. A mafi muhimmanci lalacewar da coci da ke cikin 1917, wani harsashi buga shirayin da aka halaka Grozny, wanda ba a mayar da. A Bolsheviks koma babban birnin Moscow da kuma sanya shi a cikin Kremlin jagorancin kasar. Mabambantan tarihi, da addini da kuma gine-gine shafukan zama m ga talakawa mutane. A sabuwar gwamnatin bayan wani dogon lokaci ya bude ƙofar tarihi gari, da samar da Moscow Kremlin Gidajen tarihi. Gaske Shelar Cathedral gudana a cikin wannan damar har 1993. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho Orthodox tsarki shafukan aiki a kan ƙasa na jihar.

zamani gine

Cathedral na Gaske Shelar aka gina a kan da dama ƙarni. Yana a zahiri kunshi dama gine-gine na daban-daban lokaci cewa hadawa daidaituwa isa ya samar da saba bayyanar zamani mutumin a cikin haikali. A XVI zuwa karni babban coci suna a haɗe hudu chapels, kowane lashe kai, tare da uku daga cikin tara surori ne na ado. A ciki sarari ne a cikin kananan size, t. Don. A babban coci da aka yi nufi kawai ga grand (sarauta) iyali. The gine-gine da style of yi za a iya bayyana a matsayin Old Rasha, Byzantine hadisai. The Dome tsarin a kudi na lighting halitta sakamakon tsaye motsi, a cikin irin ado za a iya gano Pskov gine-gine makaranta (square ginshiƙai, arches dammed). Moscow Masters da a fuskar babban coci ganuwar da portals form patterned bel. Gaske Shelar Cathedral ne musamman a cikin gine-gine da kuma ginin tarihi.

iconostasis

A musamman abun da ke ciki da kuma shekaru na tarin, an located in da dama tiers (layuka). Gumaka XIV, XV, XVI ƙarni, da musamman kaya daga zamanin d Kiristanci gabatar a Haikali. Daga cikin su akwai ayyuka Andreya Rubleva da Feofana Greka, wanda tsira har mu kwana. Gumaka depicting events na Almasihu rayuwa, halitta a cikin XVI karni, da albashinsu an sanya ta musamman domin a cikin 1896. Abin mamaki iconostasis Gaske Shelar Cathedral ne saboda shi ne bar a wuri domin wani sarki image cewa mulki a wani lokaci tazara. Bayan mutuwar monarch icon tare da ya kama da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Mala'iku Cathedral da kuma sanya a kan wani dutsen kabari.

zanen

A mafi tsufa kwarai samfurori da frescoes rasa a gobara da kuma zane na babban coci. Modern zanen ne su kofe, shi da aka yi da artists na XVI karni, wanda kokarin kai launuka, siffar da darajar da labaru. Mene ne abin mamaki shi ne gaskiya cewa tare da gargajiya Littafi Mai Tsarki motifs a kan garun, arches, ginshikan dace da fuskoki na Rasha sarakuna, da tsoho falsafa, shi ya ba da irin wannan musamman abin tunawa a matsayin Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Kremlin. Moscow, Rasha ba ta da mafi tsoho samfurori mural Ibada. Wannan gidan kayan gargajiya gidaje ayyukan addini art, da ba su da analogues. Hoton na da Gaske Shelar nasa ne mafi tsoho da kuma rare iconography irin.