Klement Gottwald - Czechoslovak Stalin

Klement Gottwald, daya daga cikin na farko Czechoslovak kwaminisanci yan siyasa. Ya kuma ziyarci da shugaban jam'iyyar da kuma firayin ministan kasar da kuma na Shugaban kasa. Domin a yayin da akwai ko da mai sadaukarwa na Gottwald da jikinsa da aka embalmed da farko ya zama batu na jama'a nuni a wani kabarin. Sunansa da aka mai suna a birnin da kuma tituna ba kawai a gida amma kuma a cikin wasu kasashe. Amma a cikin sittin karni na ashirin da shi zama da aka sani da Czechoslovak Stalin. Bari mu dauki wani look at cikin tarihin wannan manufofin.

Samartaka da farko matakai kamar yadda shugaban

Klement Gottwald aka haife shi a 1896 a cikin Austro-Hungarian birni Wischau (ya yanzu a Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma kira Deditse). Ya girma a cikin wani baƙauye iyali, wanda ya taba aka yi aure. A cikin matasa, nan gaba siyasa yi aiki a matsayin foreman a kan ja itace, koya a Vienna. A 1912 ya shiga jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party. Ya aka girke a cikin Austro-Hungarian sojojin a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, suka yi yaƙi a gabashin gaban. A 1921, ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma taimaka a cikin littafin na ta jarida a Bratislava.

takeoff

Careers na nan gaba shugaban kasar na Czechoslovakia na fara hanzari tafi har zuwa tsakiyar twenties karni na ashirin da. A shekara ta 1925 aka zabe shi da kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar, kuma a shekara ta 1929 ya zama babban sakataren. A wannan shekara Gottwald wakili zuwa majalisar tarayya na Czechoslovakia a matsayin MP. A shekarar 1935 ya aka sanya sakataren Comintern kuma bar gidan kawai bayan rushe karshen a 1943. Bayan da Munich Yarjejeniyar a 1938 Klement Gottwald tafi Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya shafe na gaba shekara bakwai a zaman gudun hijira a gaskiya. Daga can, sai ya fara kai kwaminisanci juriya a Czechoslovakia.

Siyasa Klement Gottwald: biography na shugaban jam'iyyar

A watan Maris na shekarar 1945, Eduard Benes, da pre-yaki shugaban kasar da kuma shugaban gwamnatin-a-gudun hijira a London tun 1941, sun amince da samar da wata National Front a hadin gwiwa tare da 'yan gurguzun. Gottwald lokacin da wannan yarjejeniyar tafi zuwa ga post na mataimakin firaminista. Amma jam'iyyar al'amari, sai ya ba da post na babban sakataren Rudolf Slansky, kuma ya dauki wani sabon matsayi na shugaban.

A shekarar 1946 zaben da ya jagoranci da siyasa karfi a majalisar dokokin kasar tare da talatin da takwas bisa dari na kuri'un da aka kada. Da shi shi ne mafi kyau sakamakon a tarihin kwaminis Czechoslovakia. Amma ta bazara na shekarar 1947 da shahararsa ta wannan jam'iyyar ta fara zuwa fada cikin sauri, da kuma da yawa da masu lura zaton cewa Gottwald zai rasa matsayinsa. A wannan lokaci Italiya da Faransa ta fara a tilasta wa gurguzun daga kawancen gwamnatoci, da kuma Iosif Stalin ya shawarci Gottwald yi wani abu ya kasance a ikon daya kawai da karfi. Dukan lokacin da, wani dan siyasa bayyanar da cewa ya yi aiki a gwamnatin. A gaskiya ma, ya aka shirya wani ƙulli. A wasan da aka kan a watan Fabrairu 1948, a lokacin da majalisar ministocin kasar da bayar da umurnin da ministan harkokin cikin gida Nosek Vaslav daina shan a ikon Tsarin kawai tsarinsu. Ya ƙi tare da goyon bayan Gottwald. Sa'an nan da 12 ministocin gwamnatin murabus. Gottwald barazana a general yajin ya faru a kan su tsarinsu. Benes kokarin su yi tsayayya, amma karkashin barazana Soviet mamayewa mãsu sallamãwa. Daga wannan lokacin a kan Klement Gottwald ya zama mafi m mutum a Czechoslovakia.

A saman da ikon

May 9, 1948 da majalisar dokokin kasar ta amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na kasar. Ta kasance haka procommunist cewa Beneš ki sa hannu shi. A watan Yuni, da ya yi murabus 'yan kwanaki baya Gottwald an zabe shugaban kasa. Da farko, sabon shugaban na kasar kokarin kula da kusan-m siyasa, amma bayan ganawa da Stalin abruptly canza hanya. Klement Gottwald, wanda ya fara buga hotuna a shafukan da duk jaridu na Czechoslovakia, a cikin wani gajeren lokaci da dukan ƙasar nationalized masana'antu da kuma collectivized noma duk. A gwamnati ya fara karfi da juriya ga irin wannan canji. Sa'an nan Gottwald fara gudanar da tsaftacewa. Na farko, ya sanya su fita daga gwamnati da kuma kama duk wadanda suka bai kasance a cikin gurguzu, sa'an nan nasa jam'iyyar, wanda bai yarda da shi. Wadanda ke fama da wadannan purges fara Rudolf Slansky da kuma ministan harkokin wajen kasar Vlado Clementis (harbi a shekara ta 1952), kazalika da daruruwan sauran mutane wanda aka kashe, ko jefa a kurkuku. Czech marubuci Milan Kundera , a cikin "Littafi na dariya, kuma abu wulakantacce" ya gaya na wani hali, wanda shi ne halayyar ga wani shugaba na Stalinist type, kamar yadda wani dan siyasa Klement Gottwald. Hoto da shi a kan Fabrairu 21, 1948 ya nuna shugaba tsaye kusa da Vlado Clementis. Lokacin da bayan shekaru biyu a kan karshen da aka tuhuma da laifin cin amanar kasa, da image na tsohon ministan da aka kashe ta jihar farfaganda.

Mutuwa. Czechoslovakia bayan Gottwald

Domin shekaru da dama, manufofin sun sha wahala daga cutar zuciya. A kwanakin bayan halartar Stalin ta jana'iza a 1953 ya fadi rashin lafiya. Ya mutu Maris 14, 1956, yana da shekaru hamsin da shida shekaru. Ya embalmed aka sa jikinsa a cikin kabarin, da kuma fara da sadaukarwa na wani hali a kasar. Amma shekaru shida daga baya, ya aka cremated da reburied a cikin rufaffiyar akwatin gawa. Suka ce cewa jiki ya fara decompose, saboda masana kimiyya sun ɓace musu da abun da ke ciki na embalming. Kuma bayan karshen kwaminisanci a kasar da ya toka da ragowar ashirin da sauran shugabannin jam'iyya da aka reburied a na kowa kabari a Prague hurumi Olshany. A cikin marigayi eighties karni na ashirin da ya yi wani yunkurin buga hoton shi a cikin Czech banki rubutu, amma sai aka gane haka barnatar, cewa duk wadannan takardar kudi da aka janye daga amfani.