Sharaf Rashidov: biography, photos da kuma iyali

Sharaf Rashidov kusan kwata karni, karkashin jagorancin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Uzbekistan. Tsakanin gano shi a cikin ikon, wannan tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyar ya samu wani flowering na tattalin arziki a kasar da kuma al'adun ci gaba cikin sauri. Amma a lokaci guda halitta mai kẽwayẽwa cin hanci da rashawa na administrative-umurnin tsarin da wani dandano na musamman Uzbek, jagorancin an mai suna bayan Rashid.

Origin da kuma yaranta

Inda ya fara rayuwa ta tafiya Sharaf Rashidov? Tarihinsa ya fara ne a 1917 a birnin Jizzakh. Yawancin lokaci, an ruwaito cewa da aka haife shi a cikin wani baƙauye iyali. Amma a cikin m mazaunan garin Jizzakh, a waɗannan kwanaki, kamar wani kauye, Rashidovs iyali tsaya daga gare ta propensity ga ilimi: duk biyar na ta yara, gami da Sharaf, karatu a cikin gida shekarun bakwai. Amma shi ya tsakiyar 20s, kasar tafiya Basmachi ƙungiya, da dalĩli musulunci, a gida Mullah ya gida da bude kofa. Amma a fili, ba a banza, da Bolsheviks sanya su juyin juya hali, idan har ma a wani m jeji mutane suna kõma zuwa ilmi.

Matasa da shekaru na bincike

Bayan shekaru bakwai na Sharaf Rashidov ne a cikin malamai da horo makaranta. Daya da rabi shekaru na nazari na koyarwa sana'a, da kuma a 18, ya zama wani malamin makarantar sakandare. Malamai suna rasa a yankunan karkara, shi zai ze, yana koyarwa a yardarSa, aure da kuma rayuwa a matsayin kewaye, amma tsayi kyau Guy son wani abu more. Ya tafi Samarkand da kuma shiga cikin Faculty of State University.

A matsayin dalibi, Sharaf Rashidov lokaci-lokaci ya rubuta wakoki, rubuta gajeren labaru. Ya gan su a cikin yankin jaridar "Leninsky hanya". Bayan wani lokaci sai aka ɗauke shi zuwa jihar daga cikin babban littafin na Samarkand. Amma aikin jarida wajibi ne ya katse fashewa yaki.

Saka hannu cikin yakin duniya na biyu

A watan Nuwamba, 1941, bayan wani kara mana na binciken a cikin Frunze dakaru School, a junior siyasa jami'in, Sharaf Rashidov aka aiko zuwa ga Kalinin Front. Ya taba yada game da soja baya. Yau za mu iya ganin dalilin da ya sa. Bayan duk, abin da Kalinin Front? Wannan ne da farko yaki domin kawar da Rzhev salient, biennial girma nama grinder, wanda ya kashe sama zuwa miliyan Soviet sojoji da kuma burin bai aka cimma.

Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich siyasa jami'in aka bayar da Order of Red Banner, kuma aka raunata shi a 1943, da ajiye kamar yadda m ga m sabis.

jam'iyyar aiki

26-shekara ritaya siyasa jami'in ya kõmo zuwa ƙasarsa ta Samarkand jarida. A ƙarshen 40s shi ya kasance wani dan jarida da sunan, kokarin sami kansu a cikin wani littafi, amma ya waqe da labaru da aka kyau da aka sani. Ya tashi zuwa maida inganta jam'iyyar line. Na farko, ya zama shugaban da Writers 'Union of Uzbekistan. Hakika, shi ne nada ofishin. Assigning da ya nufi wanzuwar dõgara a Rashidov a Uzbekistan, kuma da ƙungiyar jagorancin da'irori.

Ba da da ewa 33-shekara marubuci ya zama shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli na Uzbekistan. A cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, babu daya a irin wannan wuri, tun shekaru bai rike irin wannan babban matsayi a cikin Tsarin mulki.

A watan Maris shekarar 1959, da murabus da aka aiko farko sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Uzbekistan Sabir Kamalov. By lokacin Rashidov ya riga ya saba da Nikitoy Hruschevym, kuma ya iya ji dadin. Saboda haka, a kan shawarwarin daga Moscow zuwa post na shugaban na jamhuriyar na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis Uzbek Yana zãɓen shi hukumar da shi.

A shugaban Uzbekistan

Sharaf Rashidov, da ayyukan da farko ya faru a karkashin m dubawa na ƙungiyar jagoranci da kuma da kaina Nikity Hruscheva, an ɗauke shi wani agaji, ba na gargajiya Uzbek iyalan tsiro, sunã shiryarwa yadudduka na daban-daban rassan tattalin arziki da cinikayya da kuma} ungiyoyin da sabis. Rashidov ya zama da gaske a daidaita manufar wajen, ba kewaye kansa da misali daga magabata, dangi da kuma countrymen, ya yi kokarin tara mutane don jagorancin matsayi a kan abin yabo. Duk da seeming sauki daga yau kuma shaida na wadannan ka'idoji, alhãli kuwa a Central Asia da shi wani sabon abu.

Rashidov kamar yadda fuskar Soviet Gabas

Sun (ya kawai ya juya 42), ilimi, m bayyanar shugaban Soviet Musulmi jamhuriyar idon sãɓã wa jũna daga da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki - jam'iyyar bureaucrats. An yaba a Moscow. Member na Politburo na da CPSU kwamitin tsakiya Artem Mikoyan, wanda aiki ya kafa dangantaka da kasashe na Gabas, ko da yaushe gayyace Rashidov a kasashen waje tafiya zuwa kasar Indiya, Iran, Iraq. Akwai Rashidovich Sharaf, suka san da ins da sabani na gabashin politeness yana gida. A mayar da martani ga Tashkent m waje jihar da kuma jama'a wakila.

A cikin fall na 1965 tsakanin India da iyakar kasar da Pakistan rikici ya barke, wanda da sauri escalated cikin cikakken sikelin yaki a cikin abin da jirgin sama da kuma tankuna da aka yi amfani da ko'ina. Babu wani daga cikin kasashen turai gaza kawo takaddama jam'iyyun zuwa kan teburin shawarwari. Wannan za a iya yi kawai Rashidov, wanda ya shirya taro a Tashkent shugabannin kasashen biyu, wanda a cikin sa sanya hannu na Uzbekistan jawabi, sa an kawo karshen wannan yaki. Ko da yake bisa ga ƙa'ida a tattaunawar a madadin da Tarayyar Soviet halarci A. N. Kosygin, ya bayyana cewa babban taimako ga kungiyar na taron sanya shi shugaban Uzbekistan.

Rashidov da Brezhnev

Musamman dumi dangantakar sun ci gaba a Sharaf Rashidovich Leonid Brezhnev, wanda na son zuwa zo Uzbekistan da kuma Kada a manta da su ambaci isa yabo na Uzbek abokan aiki a kan gaba lambar yabo jam'iyyar. Rashidov yana kokarin kada su rasa da fuskarka a gaban sakatare janar, bayan duk Brezhnev dangantakar dogara ne a kan tallafi ga mutane da yawa na kasa ayyukan. Kuma ga kudi na cibiyar daga cikin Soviet jamhuriyoyin shi ne mai real gwagwarmaya. Uzbekistan ta babban gasa a cikin wannan hamayya ya Kazakhstan, da shugaban wanda Kunayev abokai da Brezhnev tun lokacin da almara da budurwa.

Rashidov nemi ta Moscow ta kudi don gina sabon birane. A karkashin ya jagoranci a cikin jamhuriyar bayyana Uchkuduk, Navoi, Zarafshan. New shuke-shuke da kuma hakar ma'adinai da kuma aiki da sha'anin a Uzbekistan kusan an gudu a kowace shekara.

Lokacin da Rashidov jamhuriyar zama zinariya. duniya most nawa Muruntau aka gina domin samar da zinariya bude rami. Yau, zinariya Muruntau (fiye da 60 ton a kowace shekara) ne dalilin da kudi da kwanciyar hankali na kasar.

Musamman da hankali Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich biya Tashkent. A babban birnin kasar Uzbekistan , ya yi kokari ta juya zuwa cikin daya daga cikin mafi kyau birane a Gabas. A cikin tsakiyar birnin kowane 10-15 mita marẽmari aka gina, da dama kore sarari ne mai ban mamaki. Kallo don samar da duk wannan ƙawa da aka buga daga cikin ƙungiyar cibiyar ya Sharaf Rashidov. Photo ya lokaci na farkon 80-ies nuna a kasa.

farar zinariya

Amma ba shakka, kafuwar tattalin arziki na Uzbekistan a cikin Soviet lokacin da aka auduga. A kasar ne a cikin 70s da farkon 80s da ake bukata a babbar adadin kayayyaki na wannan al'ada. Yadi masana'antu da tsaro shuke-shuke kawai suffocated ta rashin, don haka auduga amfanin gona ne kullum fadada, kuma da shekara-shekara girbi yakin neman juya a cikin wani a kasar kara aiki.

Tarayyar shugabanci ne kullum guga man a kan Rashidov, m karuwa a auduga girbi. Wannan sau da yawa ba la'akari da wani haƙiƙa yanayi irin amfanin gona gazawar, mummunan yanayi da sauransu. A karkashin m barazana daga azãba, dõmin da gazawar da tsare-tsaren da auduga wadata da kuma ba so su rasa iko da tasiri, da Uzbek Elite karkashin jagorancin Rashidov ya ɓullo da wani dukan tsarin tarawa da kuma gurbata da asusun. Yana da damar ga wani, ko da wani sosai girbi mai kyau a cikin Center don bayar da rahoton a kan nasara aiwatar da tsare-tsaren, sami dace ƙarfafawa, sakamakonsu, kuma bukatar sabon kudi na kasa ayyukan.

A key batu na wannan tsarin shi ne mataki na auduga kera a da isar da daban-daban rarraba cibiyoyin samar da kamfanoni a Turai bangare na kasar. Da zarar ya fara isa a da motoci da auduga, da su daga Uzbekistan tafi tawagar "yanke shawarar", wanda za'ayi kudi ga gudanarwa na kwasfanta, kuma sun riga sun amince da Enterprises-da masu amfani da cewa karshen kada ka sanya wani fuss idan, maimakon na albarkatun kasa na farko aji yi Class II ko m auduga sharar gida.

Su da aka dauka daga cikin kudi? Tarayyar Soviet shi ne kawai daya daga cikin su source - yan kasuwa. All suka obkladyvayut haraji, da kuma a cikin sama samu dukiya a takaice wadata, wanda a wancan lokaci Uzbekistan ya a yalwace - su ba a sun Rashidov lambar yabo ga "kisa" na auduga samar da tsare-tsaren. Kamar haka wani mugun da'irar yaudara, cin hanci da rashawa, cin hanci da rashawa, sa'an nan dukan tsari ne riddled da Uzbek al'umma.

auduga hali

Wanda ya zo ikon bayan Brezhnev ta mutuwa a 1982, Yuri Andropov yanke shawarar saka kawo karshen "auduga mafia". A farkon shekarar 1983 a Uzbekistan bincike tawagar da aka aiko daga Moscow, wanda ya fara kama shugabannin yankin ciniki da kamfanoni, haifar da tushen kudade ga dukan tsarin cin hanci da rashawa. girma darajar da aka kama.

Rashidov gane cewa to siffantãwa da m kundin na auduga ba zai yiwu wannan shekara. Ya frantically garzaya lokacin bazara da kaka na shekarar 1983 a ko'ina cikin kasar, na kira da'a hadakai gida shugabannin sami reserves samar farar zinariya, amma na yi muku wa'adi a farkon wannan shekarar Andropov 3 ton miliyan na raw kayan gudanar da tattara kawai 20%. Farga da cewa a gaban shi jiran kawai da m sallama da laifi la'anta, Oktoba 31, 1983 Rashidov, bisa ga memoirs J. Nasriddinov, sai ya harba da tsohon shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli.

Sharaf Rashidov: iyali, yara

A Gabas, sun girmama iyali dabi'u, ko na zaman jama'a domin da kuma matsayi. Ya ba togiya ga wannan mulkin da Sharaf Rashidov. Iyalinsa ya m, shi complied tare da kasa da hadisai. Sai matarsa ta uwargida Hursant Gafurovna yara - 'ya'ya hudu mata, kuma a dan - sun kasance a Tashkent talakawa makaranta. Dukan su har yanzu a adana yaba memory mahaifinsa.