Kogin Oder shi ne tasirin ruwa na Yammacin Turai

A gabaci River (Odra in ba haka ba kira shi) crosses yammacin Turai. Yana gudana ta cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, Poland, Jamus, yana gudana cikin teku Baltic. Tsawonsa shine kilomita 912. Mafi yawan masu albashi shine Welze, Tyva, Warta, Burd, Opava. Yankunan dake kan iyaka sune Ostrava, Raciborz, Wroclaw, Opole, Szczecin, Kitz, Frankfurt-on-Oder, Schwedt. Kogin Oder yana nuna nauyin abinci mai gauraye: dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama. A cikin ruwa akwai nau'o'in kifaye iri iri masu yawa: mota, pike, catfish, trout, pike perch, eel, da dai sauransu.

Oder River a kan taswira

Oder yakan a cikin Sudeten Mountains. Dukawa daga gare su, kogin ya kara hanyoyi tare da Ƙungiyar Turai ta tsakiya, kwarin da ke kusa da shi yana da faɗi sosai, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 10-20.

Da yake wuce bakin Lusatin Nisa, Oder yana fadada nan da nan zuwa 250 m kuma ya zama cikakke. A kan hanyarsa, an kafa kananan tsibirin. Yankuna suna wakilci a cikin nau'i na bishiyoyi, wadanda ke kare ƙasa mai layi daga ambaliya. Bayan nisan kilomita 84 daga farkon, an raba Kogin Oder zuwa rassan biyu (watau yammaci). Yana gudana a cikin Baltic Sea, wato Szczecin Gulf (ana kiransa lagon).

Tsarin yanayi na kogin

A ko'ina cikin Oder a spring akwai ko da yaushe wani babban ruwa a nan. Ruwa, kaka ana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, hunturu - ƙara yawan abun cikin ruwa. A cikin harsuna mafi girma, kogin ya ɓata.

Sau da yawa a cikin tarihin, ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa ta haifar da yanayi na masifa. Sau da yawa, ƙarƙashin ruwa, manyan yankunan gona sun bace, kuma ƙauyuka sun sha wahala. Kowace ƙasa da ke zaune a kan bankunan wannan kogin ba daidai ba ya ba shi suna. Ga Jamus shi ne Oder, domin Czech, don Poles - Odra. Wannan kogin - da Kashubian Buckets, da Luzhichskaya Vodra. Waɗannan sunaye na Latin sune Viadrus da Oder. A cikin dukkanin sunayen suna kalmar "adro", wato, "ruwa ya kwarara".

Tarihin kogin

Koda a rayuwar tsohon dattawan Roma Oder ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Wata shafin yanar gizo na Amber Route, daga gefen Baltic, an kawo amber zuwa Rumun. Wannan hanya ce mai mahimmanci ga kasuwanci ga yankunan Jamus.

A tsakiyar zamanai, ci gaba da cinikayya ya taimaka wajen gina birane da yawa a kan bankuna na Oder, kogin ya kasance muhimmiyar tasirin Turai. Tun daga karni na XIII, don kare ƙasa mai laushi, ana gina ginin farko akan shi.

Tuni a cikin karni na XVII, aikin gine-ginen ya fara, kuma Oder River ya haɗu da dukan muhimman batuttukan Turai. Babban ginin, Oder-Spree, an gina a 1887-1891, tsawonsa kusan kusan kilomita dari ne.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1919, bayan da yaki, da yarjejeniyar da Versailles ya bayyana kan iyakoki, da kuma kewayawa a kan gabaci.

Yakin duniya na biyu

Ga sojojin Jamus, Oder River ya kasance mai ƙarfafawa, kariya a 1939-1945. Ruwa ruwa ya zama wani muhimmin shafin da ya dace.

A 1945, a lokacin aikin Vistula-Oder, sojojin Soviet sun gudanar da ƙetare kogin Oder. Daga nan ne wani mummunar mummunan aiki ya fara a Berlin. A sakamakon haka, hadewa da Berlin aiki nasara wajen fatattakar Nazi Jamus.

Kafin wannan, a cikin 1943, a Tehran taron, da anti-Hitler kawance aka ƙaddara iyakokin Turai bayan da yaki. Ita ce Oder wanda ya nuna iyaka tsakanin Poland da Jamus.

Oder River a Jamus

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antu na masana'antu na Jamus shine birnin Eisenhüttenstadt. Ya kasance a wurin da Oder ya shiga Jamusanci. An fassara sunan birnin ne a matsayin "birnin masana'antun ƙarfe". Tun zamanin d ¯ a, akwai shuke-shuke da yawa a nan.

Frankfurt-on-Oder yana cikin Gabas ta Gabas kuma a kan iyakar kogin tare da Polish Slubetsky. Tun daga karni na XIX, Tsohon Prussian Frankfurt-on-Oder yana da babbar darajar kasuwanci, yana tsakiyar tsakiyar hanya tsakanin Berlin da Poznan. A yakin duniya na biyu, masu fascists sunyi mummunan rauni, kuma bayan yakin da aka sake gina shi. Yanzu ya dubi mafi zamani.

Fishing a Jamus. Ilimin halitta

Duk kogunan da ke gudana a cikin Jamus ne kawai suna kifi da kifaye, amma kama kifi ba aiki mai sauki ba ne. Ba zai yiwu ba kawai ka ɗauki jirgi kifi ka tafi teku. Kowace masunta za ta sayi lasisi, kuma wanda ya kammala digiri daga karatun da ba a tsada a kan kifi ba zai iya wucewa, ya wuce jarrabawa kuma ya sami takardar shaidar. Kowane mutum ya kasance a cikin kulob da kifi kawai a wasu, musamman wuraren da aka sanya. A kan tafkuna masu zaman kansu za ku iya tafi kifi don kudin, ba a buƙatar lasisi a nan.

Da waɗansu kõguna na Jamus suna dauke su cleanest a Turai. Daidaitaccen dan Adam da kuma sahihancin Jamus, fahimtar kansu sun sanya su haka. Babban matsalolin ya tashi a lokacin wanzuwar tasha ta JDR, to, ginin magungunan magani ba shi da isasshen kuɗi. A yanzu cewa masu kare muhalli suna kararrawa don kowane dalili, halin da ya faru ya mike, duk koguna a Jamus sun zama mafi tsabta. A cikin Rhine, wanda ake kira da shi "tsarin tsabtace ruwa na Turai," salmon, wanda ya fi son ruwa mai tsabta, ya fara fara zuwa sau da yawa.