Kogon birni zare a Crimea: tarihi da kuma hotuna

Tarihi na Crimea riko da yawa fake da asirai. Masana kimiyya suna har yanzu karatu shi, gano more kuma mafi shaidar events dogon da suka wuce. Kogon birni zare - daya daga cikin gidaje, located a kan wani sashin, wanda ya haddasa mafi girma amfani da masu bincike.

Ina birni?

M shiri ne dake kusa da kauyen Rocky, Bakhchisaray yankin na Crimea. Akwai kuma wani lake Martian cewa rinjayar da gaske unearthly kyakkyawa.

Kogon birni zare: Tarihi

Wannan tarihi abin tunawa ne northernmost kogo birnin Crimea - domin shi ne kawai steppe. Wannan wuri ya taka musamman rawa a masa abin rekõdinsa. A birnin da aka kafa a karshen na III karni, a Sabunta-IX ƙarni An ƙarfafa ta farko line na tsaro. By lokacin da wuraren, shi ne wata guda mahaluži da kauye, a wajen gefen kudu na wanda aka located daban-daban gine-gine na tattalin arziki manufa, ciki har da ruwan inabi-yin hadaddun.

A VI karni, da castle aka gina a wurinsa. Ya defenses da aka sanya na m farar ƙasa tubalan. A karkashin yammacin rabo daga kagara a karkashin wata ashirin-mita dutse kogwanni housed cikin yãƙi. A wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance hatches a cikin sauran - matakala sassaka a cikin dutse. Akwai aka hidima da aka flanking wuta slingers kuma maharba.

Castle kare zurfin tsanya. Dab da gina yankunan karkara shiri da kuma shiri ganuwar da aka ba su kariya, wanda shi ne halayyar da mulkin gargajiya da tsarin na lokaci. The sunan shiri fãra daga cikin Turkic harshe. The kalmar "baklak" na nufin "ruwa jirgin ruwa." Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban alama birnin - hatsi rami dimbin yawa bowls tare da kunkuntar wuyansa.

Kogon birni zare (Crimea) a karon farko ya fara nazarin ma'aikatan Local Lore Museum na sashin a 1929. A shekarar 1961, wannan aikin shiga masana kimiyya Historical Museum a Moscow. A post-Soviet lokaci kogon birnin Buckley, kazalika da kewaye makabartun da aka sace "black archeologists".

yawan

The mazaunan tsohon birnin sun Sarmatian-Alans da Goths, wanda aka tsunduma a dabba husbandry, noma, da ruwan inabi samar. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da wannan version fiye da ɗari biyu hatsi rami tsira.

A cewar wasu masu bincike, da kogon birni donk wasu lokaci amfani da Rumawa - suna biya yan unguwa zuwa Kristanci da kuma sanya su sojojin. Wurare da dama a archaeological tono sun yarda su tabbatar da cewa a lokacin da birnin ke cikin mutum hadari, da mazauna bar Buckley kuma samu mafaka bayan ganuwar wani birni - Calais, wanda shi ne a kusa da nan.

Kogon birni zare, wanda photo mu posted wannan labarin, dade har zuwa karshen XIII karni. By wannan lokaci da mamayewa na taro sojojin a yankin, wanda aka jagorancin Nogai Khan. Wannan mamayewa shi ne na karshe yaƙi da makiyaya, wanda a cikin sa cikin kogo birni fadi. Quite a bit ya ba da aka gudanar har zare millennia tun da aka kafa. Yana dade da dama ƙarni na cibiyar al'adu da kuma addini da ilimi na tsufa, amma lokacin da na fara daga XIV karni, mutanen nan sun ba rayu.

Description of shiri

Kogon birni zare ne a fili a bayyane daga nesa - daga kwarin a gindin da matabbatarsu. Tashin kusa da tudu da tudu da kogwanni da kansu, nan da nan za ka iya ganin mutane da yawa ramuka a cikin m farar ƙasa rock. A siffar da suka yi kama da zamanin d Girkanci pithoi - manyan tasoshin don adana ruwan inabi. Amma wadannan dutse bowls aka sa mafi yawa hatsi.

All archaeological binciken bayar da shawarar cewa ga mutane da yawa ƙarni ne girma hatsi, yafi alkama. Akwai version cewa girbi aka shigo da daga mafi northerly yankuna. Saboda haka, birni zare amfani da wani ciniki mahaɗar tsakãninsu da tekun da sharar gida.

ruwa

A cikin tsohon birnin da matsaloli tare da ruwa ko da yaushe wanzu. A rayuwa na kyauye fafitikar don adana m ruwa sun shagaltar da wani gagarumin wuri. Don yin wannan, kafa wani iri-iri na'urorin, wanda za a iya gani a yau a kan kankara.

Har zuwa yanzu shi ya zauna a saman tudu halin yanzu source, wanda shi ne yawanci a tsakiyar bazara bushe. Sawaye a kan kankara nuna cewa a zamanin da shi ne mafi m, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun ruwa ga gida mutane. A wasu wuraren, da ake kira a bayyane herringbone - wani indentation a cikin dutse, wanda ba ka damar tattara ruwan sama.

addini gine-gine

Lalle, Buckley ya na da muhimmanci farkon Kirista addini cibiyar. Wannan ne evidenced da tushe da dama gine-gine na cikin Haikali. Wannan ya ba masu bincike dalilin yi imani da cewa a cikin shekaru na zalunci da Kristanci a cikin Byzantine Empire, da yawa magoya bayan na addini ne a nan ya gudu daga zalunci, inda hali kasance kadan softer. Wannan ya bayyana gaban da dama majami'u, wanda aka gina a cikin birnin.

Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa kogon birni donk mafi rayayye amfani da Rumawa a matsayin outpost na Kristanci, ba kamar yadda wani soja kagara. A yammacin wajen birnin na ba za ka iya ganin ragowar na coci ne quite m size, da kuma crypts a cikin nau'i na quadrangles, wanda aka sassaka a cikin dutse. A fili, shi ne wata sufi. A cikin kankara a kusa da nan Kwayoyin semicircular yanke low kuma kunkuntar farfajiyoyi. A ganuwar suna sassaka maharibai ga fitilu kuma luminaires.

Akwai kuma wani wakiltar a kan garun da suke ɗauke da Figures: crosses, Figures na mai tsarki shahidai, jirãge silhouettes, kifi da kuma haikalin. Sama da wannan coci hadaddun akwai sosai kananan coci, ayi a leji. Ba nisa, kadan nisa da tushe daga cikin kananan kogin na Cuba, da aka gano a cikin 1970, necropolis (V - IX ƙarni.). A lokacin da rami, masana kimiyya nazari fiye da 800 Tsarin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da crypts. Halittarsu masana sanyã wa da IV - XI ƙarni BC. e. A gidan kayan gargajiya Bakhchisaray samuwa tare da m kayayyakin gargajiya. Akwai aka gabatar: Byzantine munduwa da bel zare, brooches, fastening sarkar kirji, crosses, zobba, faranti na gilashin da tukwane.

A bambanci Buckley, a cikin kwarin, sami ragowar uku sauran Ibada. Babbansu ya da aka gina a cikin Sabunta - IX ƙarni. A X - XI ƙarni. a kan wannan duniya akwai wani haikali a giciye-sashe. Don mu kwana da shi, suna kiyaye kawai jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga frieze da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na baka portal na Byzantine style.

Kogon birni zare (Crimea): yadda za a samu a can?

Daga Simferopol zuwa kauyen Rocky gudanar da wani motar jigila tsakanin tashoshin na "Yammacin" da "Simferopol-Science". An located a nesa na goma sha takwas kilomita. Travel lokaci - game da minti ashirin.

Yau, da yawa yawon bude ido sha'awar a Buckley (kõgon City). Yadda za a samu a nan da mota, da yawa masu motoci suna sha'awar. Ya kamata ka je zuwa babbar hanya "Simferopol-Sevastopol" da kuma fitar da su kunna akan "Science", na gaba juya zuwa kauyen Rocky.

Za ka iya amfani da wani lantarki jirgin kasa. Ya daukan ka ga "titi" tashar na Simferopol. Saboda haka, biyu kilomita yi tafiya da ƙafa zuwa Novopavlovka, da kuma samun a kan bas, kusa da "kimiyya" tashoshin.

Inda ya zauna?

Tun cikin mafi kusa Locality na kogo birni - Rocky kauye, a daina mafi kyau a nan. Duk da haka, akwai wani hotel-hotel ko hostels, amma da yan unguwa suna farin ciki mika muku hayan daki. Tsadar rayuwa da - 500-600 rubles da rana.

Hawan keke yana da wani zango a Trudolyubovka da kuma hotel "Skif" a Novopavlovka. Ga dakin kudi dabam daga 1100 zuwa 1800 rubles.