Kremlin gidajen tarihi da kuma balaguro din. Overview da kuma aiki da Moscow Kremlin Gidajen tarihi

Museum-Tsare "The Moscow Kremlin" da aka kafa a shekarar 1991 a kan tushen da data kasance jihar da Kremlin gidajen tarihi. A bukatar mu hada disparate al'adu abokai wani dogon lokaci, amma da sabon ikon yinsa, daga cikin aikin da aka ba da damar amfani da saba makirci na hadewa - shirya domin haduwa da batutuwa na gine-gine da ya dauka shekaru da dama. A sakamakon haka, wani sabon da kuma musamman gidan kayan gargajiya da aka halitta da ta Kremlin. Moscow, babban birnin kasar, a birnin na duniya sikelin, tsiwirwirinsu wani babban baje kolin hadaddun.

wurin zama

Bayan jerin bincike da most gine-gine da gungu na Rasha samu matsayi na gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye. A 2001, da Darakta Janar na Association of Gidajen tarihi da ya zama Elena Yurevna Gagarina, ya na almara cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Museum-Tsare "The Moscow Kremlin" Ya tarihi ko da yaushe kasance mazaunin Rasha tsars, kuma daga baya - Shugabannin. A halin yanzu, shi gidaje da kudi da kuma shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina.

A tarihin Kremlin

Towers da ganuwar da Kremlin da aka gina a cikin marigayi 15th karni, a zamanin mulkin Ivan da Munin. A daidai wannan lokaci da muke gina wani yawan gine-gine ginen dake cikin kewaye da Kremlin. Yau, da musamman Museum-Tsare "The Kremlin" ya hada da uku Cathedrals: zato, Gaske Shelar da Mala'iku. Su duka suna da wani gagarumin tarihi darajar. A gungu ma ya hada da wasu gidajen tarihi na Kremlin gidan makamai, Church na shaida na tũfa, Ivan Mai girma Bell, Church daga cikin sha biyun. A cikin ƙananan bene na Gaske Shelar Cathedral na lãbãri a daki-daki nuna jigo na Kremlin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi. Da gidajen tarihi suna da kyau wakilci kusan duk nau'o'i na art, a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, nuna al'adar fādar sarki da kuma mafi girma da limaman. Kowane gini - shi ne na musamman da gini gine, nuna da zamanin da sau. A ciki na zamanin d gine-gine Masterpieces yaba da su bayyana, fara'a baƙi wucewa style na 16th kuma 17th ƙarni, kazalika da tsakiyar karni na 19th.

shahararsa

Moscow Kremlin, wanda da gidan kayan gargajiya ne ba kawai da wurin zama na rarest farfado, amma sũ ne suka kasance al'adu Monuments, shi ne a karkashin taimaka na UNESCO, da hakan da hukumomin tsaro. Kasancewa daga cikin babban gidan kayan gargajiya hadaddun a Moscow aka watse duk records, domin shekara ta Borovitskie ƙofar kuma Spasskaya hasumiya a kan Red Square ne fiye da miliyan biyu da yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Mutane sha'awa a zamanin d Rasha al'ada ba rasa ƙarfi, baƙi zuwa hotel - horar da kyau, Yanã shiryar da wanda suke son magana game da tarihin Moscow Kremlin, kazalika da sarauta iyali da kuma ta ayarinsa.

sarauta karusa

Babban taskar Kremlin exposures dauke A gidan makamai, wanda yana farawa duk yawon shakatawa a bakin ƙofar da Kremlin daga Borovitskaya hasumiya. Moscow Kremlin, gidajen tarihi wanda farfado ne bambance bambancen, yana da musamman tarin karusai, wanda ya fita daga gidan sararta, wakilan da mafi tsada, matso kusa da sarki, shawara da kuma manya. Exposure aka wakilta a cikin wani m kewayon daga sauki ga sledge Multi karusa. Personal canzawa Catherine m ga chaise nesa, da kuma stroller treasurer tsaye kusa da biyu ƙungiya ga wani maraice stroll.

A raba dakin kẽɓantacce ne ga tufafi da cewa ya gaye a lokacin, musamman wuri ne shagaltar da sarauta headgear, studded da duwatsu masu daraja, ado da Sable Jawo. Babban nuna - da Cap na Monomakh arziki Geza trimmed da emeralds kuma yaƙũtu. A na gaba dakin ne mai tarin "Easter kwai Faberge". A kotu maƙeran zinariya Carl Fabergé da mataimakansa halitta jerin Masterpieces na mai yin kayan ado ta art, wanda sanya wani m lãbãri. Babban nuna shi ne mai tarin Faberge Easter Egg "The Moscow Kremlin". Wannan ne stylized image na biyu mafi shahara hasumiyoyin da Kremlin - Mai Ceto da mai Vodovzvodnaya.

Towers jefa tagulla gami, zinariya da azurfa. Tsakanin su an zubar kai tsaye "kwan ista", a cikin wanda da mai yin kayan ado sanya ciki ɗauka cewa babban coci. Dubi dada gumaka a kan iconostasis tyablovom yiwu ta neman hanyar da arched windows. Wannan fitacciyar na mai yin kayan ado ta art ne sananne ga cewa ya taba bar iyakar Rasha, ko da yake kasashen waje nuni kamfanoni za la'akari da shi da wani daraja idan kawai domin lokacin da za a hada da shi a cikin su expositions. A musamman samfurin daga cikin shahararrun mai yin kayan ado ya ginu ne a kan wani nauyi tushen guda yanki na onis.

bombard

Open-iska tsaye daya daga cikin shahararrun farfado daga Moscow Kremlin, Tsar igwa, musamman igwa, jefa a tagulla master Andreem Chohovym a 1586. A gun ne classified a matsayin "bombard", da kuma sabon rarrabuwa ne turmi. Kowane core Tã yi game da 2 ton, diamita na ganga na gun - 890 mm, Tã sarki-gun 42 ton. Harbe-harben turmi iya kawai a rubuce, domin a domin cajin da shi, kana bukatar ka yi gagarumin} o} arin.

A fitacciyar Cast baƙin ƙarfe

Wani babban nuna - shi ne Tsar Bell. A 1730, a kan umarni na Empress Anny Ioannovny, ya fara aiki a kan zaben 'yan wasa daga cikin mafi girma kararrawa a tarihin foundry kasuwanci. Yi aiki a kan mayẽwa, mahaifi da dansa Matorina. A lokacin shirya aikin da m Matorin mutu, kuma dukan aikin da ya yi ɗã. A 1735, kome ya shirya don cika tsari, a shida smelters Boiled tagulla gyaren rami da aka tattalin yarda da narkakkar azurfa. Shirye kararrawa auna 200 ton da kuma tsayinsa ya 6.3 mita. Duk da haka kararrawa lalace a lokacin wuta, saboda zafin jiki ya canjãwa da karfe ya fashe da kuma m da nauyi babbar yanki. Saboda haka, grandiose tsari ya daina wanzuwa a matsayin coci kararrawa ga belfry kuma ya zama wani gidan kayan gargajiya yanki. Moscow Kremlin, gidajen tarihi wanda aka kai a kai updated tare da sabon rarities, ya zama Haven ga na musamman Tsar Bell.

zato Cathedral

Daya daga cikin na farko fari dutse majami'u na Moscow, Cathedral na ɗauka, gina a cikin marigayi 15th karni da m Aristotle Fioravanti. Shekara bakwai bayan gina wani sananne icon fenta Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar ya fara zanen bangon Haikalin. Aikin ya ci gaba har 1515. A tsakiyar karni na 17th Cathedral na ɗauka aka fentin kan, amma tsohon frescoes aka partially kiyaye su kuma suna da nisa da mafi tsoho icon-zanen alamu a kan dukan yankin ƙasar da Kremlin.

Ɗauka cewa Cathedral ne a sararin necropolis a wadda karya ragowar Lardi na Kiev, Moscow da tara sarki na Moscow, wanda ya mutu a cikin 17th karni.

Cathedral na Gaske Shelar

Da haikalin da aka located a kan Cathedral Square a Moscow Kremlin. Yana da aka gina a 1489 a kan tsoho fari-dutse ginshiki, bar a kan daga tsohon babban coci. A 1547 da coci da aka mai tsanani lalace ta hanyar wuta da aka gina kawai a 1564, tare da gine-ginen da za a gina a kan surori biyu daga bagaden chapels. A 1572, babban coci gina wani da ake kira Grozny shirayi. A iconostasis yana da jeri biyu na gumaka, "Deesis" da "hutu" by Andrei Rublev da Feofana Greka. A shirayin akwai wani image na Greek masana falsafa: Aristotle, Homer, Anaxagoras, Plutarch, Talomi. A arewacin ƙofofin ado da Bas-reliefs na zamanin d Roman prophetesses sibyls. Sex babban coci da aka sanya na Jade faranti.

Har da 18th karni, da haikalin da aka yi amfani da matsayin gidan coci na Moscow tsars. Kuma a lokacin Petersburg dominance Gaske Shelar haikali ne mai wakilci protopresviterianstva.

Cathedral of Shugaban Mala'iku

Biyar-domed coci na takwas chapels aka gina a farkon 16th karni. A ciki ado na babban coci ya gama kawai 150 shekaru daga baya, ta hanyar da kokarin painters Fedora Zubova, Stepan Ryazantsev, Iosifa Vladimirova. Daga baya a cikin ciki bayyana tyablovy katako iconostasis, fentin zinariya. Tsayinsa ya 13 mita.

Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral ne sananne ga sararin necropolis, wanda ya hada da 54 binne, daga gare su - haramin Prince Dmitry Ivanovich da Chernigovskogo Mihaila. Necropolis ma ya ƙunshi 46 tombstones da ado da kuma jana'izar housings na tagulla. A 1928, a cikin ginshiki jam'iyya daga cikin Haikalin da ragowa da Romanov mata da Rurik aka canjawa wuri, wanda a baya ya huta a cikin Church of Hawan Yesu zuwa sama sufi.

Kremlin Gidajen tarihi, da aiki da yanayin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci cibiyoyin nune-nunen na Rasha aiki cikin kalanda shekara. Kasa ne kullum jadawalin na nune-nunen, na kunshe a cikin "Kremlin" gidan kayan gargajiya. Bude sa'o'i na gidan kayan gargajiya sassa an rarraba kamar haka:

Duk gidan kayan gargajiya da dakuna ne bude daga 10 na safe zuwa 17 pm kullum. A lokacin bazara lokaci - daga 10 zuwa 18 hours.

Alhamis - a rana.

Tikitin ofishin ne bude kullum (sai Alhamis) daga 9:30 zuwa 16:30, a lokacin rani - har zuwa 17 hours. Tikiti za a iya saye a cikin Alexander Aljanna, Metro tashar "Lenin Library".

"Gidan makamai" The gidan kayan gargajiya ne bude a kan dokokin zaman: 10,00, 12,00, 14,30, 16,30. Tikitoci da aka sayar a cikin akwatin ofishin 45 minutes kafin zaman.

A nuni "Antiquities na Kremlin", dake a cikin Gaske Shelar Cathedral ne bude kowace rana (sai Alhamis): shiryar da Tours a 10,15, 11.15, 12,15, 13.15, 14,15, 15,15, 16.15.

A tikitin farashin for ƙofar Cathedral Square - 350 rubles ga manya, 150 rubles ga dalibai.

A holidays da kuma karshen mako suna miƙa iyali tikitoci ne dangane biyu manya da yara biyu. Farashin tikiti daya - 100 rubles.

Tikitin farashin a gidan makamai - 700 rubles domin manya da 200 rubles domin fansho, dalibai da kuma makaranta.

Tsarabobi da kuma katunan gaisuwa

Kremlin Gidajen tarihi, nune-nunen, art nune-nunen, thematic nuna da kuma sauran abubuwan da suka faru ne batun da tsarin, kwarewa tara a tsawon shekaru. Kowane maziyarci ga Kremlin gaishe matsayin masoyi bako, tabbatar da cewa yana da dukan zama dole labari. Littattafansa, layout, tsarabobi, katunan - duk akwai a cikin wani yawa. Moscow Kremlin, gidajen tarihi waxanda suke da ban sha'awa daga mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya, ya ci gaba da samun baƙi.