Italian m Aristotle Fioravanti: biography

Tarihi na aikin injiniya da kuma gine-gine ideas ne cike da sanannun sunaye, amma wasu daga cikin haruffa tsaya fitar da cancanci a raba page a cikin tarihi.

Haihuwa da kuma yaranta

A 1415 da aka haife shi da girma m Aristotle Fioravanti. Rayuwa da kuma aiki da shi ya fara a Bologna. Yaron ya bayyana a cikin mutunta m na iyali, da masu sana'a hanyar da aka qaddara. } Ananan yara, a lokacin da aka takaice: tun shekaru 5, a nan gaba m ciyar da yawa lokaci a cikin bitar da kuma a yi sites, sauraron wa ubansa magana da ma'aikata da kuma sizing up da kida da sunadaran.

Nazarin da kuma ci gaban da sana'a

Nutse cikin sana'a fara Fioravanti aiki a matsayin almajiri a cikin iyali kasuwanci. Artel Fioravanti da mai kyau rikodin a Bologna, kashe manyan da kuma babbar umarni. Wani m kakan samu irin wannan manyan umarni a matsayin tsawo ga tsoho fada Akkursio a Bologna, mahaifinsa gina da Palazzo Comunale, da suka ji rauni a cikin wuta. Yaron ya yi girma har a kan wadannan yi shafukan da tunawa da yawa basira da ilmi. By shekaru 15 ya riga ya cika m injiniyoyi da kuma gine-ginen. Takardu nuna cewa a 1436 matasa Fioravanti halarci zaben 'yan wasa karrarawa for Palace del Podesta, wani tsari wanda a wancan zamani da ake bukata mai yawa fasaha.

zama a master

By shekaru 25 Aristotle ƙware hikimar da sana'a da kuma rayayye ci gaba da aiki a cikin iyali kasuwanci. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu Fioravanti zance a cikin hannuwansu tattara ɗan'uwansa, da kuma gwarzo wannan labarin ya zama wani cikakken memba na m.

The matasa m ya ci gaba, da kuma a search na da damar don tsara m kasuwanci, ya tafi zuwa Roma. A babban birnin kasar, Aristotle yi aiki a matsayin tawagar, su safarar da kuma shigar da shafi a haikalin Minerva. Ya na da hannu a cikin manyan sikelin-ayyukan ne kamar injiniya. Akwai koya don matsar da babbar abubuwa, kuma Ya sanya shi mafi m fasaha tunani.

aiki shekaru: Aristotle Fioravanti - Italian m

A 1453, da budding m koma zuwa Bologna a gudanar da umarni daga alhakin gida al'umma - ya kaiwa Yunƙurin zuwa kararrawa hasumiya. A wannan aikin, injiniya tsanani tunani game da inganta aikin injiniya fasahar. Wannan ya sa a cikin na farko na Fame Fioravanti m.

A 1455, Aristotle ya nuna duniya wani injiniya mamaki: ya ya iya matsawa da kararrawa Hasumiyar coci na Santa Mariya Madzhore ne 13 mita. Domin wannan ya yi amfani da inji ya ƙaryarsu da ya iya yin wani aiki da cewa a yau ba sauki.

Hasumiyar da aka kewaye da wani musamman dakin katako, wanda kubutar da yi daga tipping kan. Engineer amfani da musamman a lokacin da manufa na rarraba daftarin ikon for 'yan ƙofofi.

Slava Fioravanti bazu ko'ina Italiya, da kuma a yanzu da wani injiniya da aka kira su zuwa ga yin mafi hadaddun umarni, cewa, a Bugu da kari da aka sani ga kawo kyau kudi. Saboda haka, ya samu nasarar mike jingina hasumiya a Cento da kararrawa hasumiya a Venice. Duk da haka, da kararrawa hasumiya rushe a 2 kwanaki bayan hanya, da kuma shi duk ya sanar da Fioravanti sosai nazarin gona, kafin sahun gudanar da aiki.

Tun 1456 Fioravanti fara rayayye shiga a cikin gine-gine da umarni. Yana aiki a kan sake gina tsofaffin gine-gine a Bologna, gyare-gyare moat, kuma ya aikata wani iri-iri umarni na birane al'umma. The master ayyukan ba je kada a gane, sai ya shahara ne kawai girma, da kuma a 1458 ya aka kira su zuwa Milan su yi hidima a cikin kotu da Duke, inda Aristotle ya yi aiki na game 6 shekaru.

Daga baya, da m koma zuwa Bologna, kuma ya aikata wani iri-iri umarni, ciki har da gadoji, hasumiya, manyan gidãje ya gina da kuma mayar. Daga 1464 ya kasance wani injiniya da kuma birnin Bologna a wannan wuri har mutuwarsa, duk da cewa al'ummar bari je na master yin daban-daban ayyuka a biranen Italiya, kazalika a Hungary da kuma Rasha.

Aristotle Fioravanti gina dama shahararren gine-gine na lokacin. Ya himma aka gina wandararre a garin Cento, da maimaitawa na Palazzo del Podesta, amma na ɗaukaka na 'master a lokacin fiye da sanya up injiniya ayyukan, kamar yadda da aka sani a duniya na gine-gine da aka har yanzu zuwa.

M sau Aristotle Fioravanti

A tsawon rayuwar, Aristotle Fioravanti fuskanci dabarunsa na m fafatawa a gasa. Saboda wannan, ya akai-akai da su canza wurin zama da kuma aiki. A sananne duka na rabo shi ne m tuhuma da coining jabun kuɗi, shi ya faru a 1473. Jagora kusan hanyar mu'ujiza gudanar don kauce wa azãba mai tsanani, amma da ya rasa begen samun Bookings a Roma. Aristotle Fioravanti koma zuwa Bologna, inda ya ke jira, amma baya manyan umarni aka ba su samu, kuma jindadin ta da ɗan girgiza.

Rasha murmushi luck

A Rasha, Tsar Ivan III a wannan lokacin fara wani babban gini: a cikin Kremlin, an yanke shawarar gina wani babban-sikelin Cathedral, NUNA da ƙarfi, kuma ikon da sarauta iko. Amma bala'i bugi - wani bango rushe, da kuma Italiya da aka aiko zuwa ga jakadan, da umarnin da ya kawo mai kyau m.

Maniyyi Tolbuzin hadu Aristotle Fioravanti kuma ya iya shawo masa ya je wani m unknown kasar. Saboda haka, a 1475, shi ya fara zinariya lokaci a cikin m ta rayuwa.

Isa a Moscow, da m, su bi ta dokoki a hankali yayi nazari da ƙasa da kayan daga wanda gina magabata. Saboda haka ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa wajibi ne a warware biyu matsaloli. Na farko, na da hakkin ya shirya samar da karfi tubalin. Na biyu shi ne ya halicci sosai zurfi da kuma m tushe a matsayin ƙasa Borovitsky tudun aka excavated sau da dama kuma ba zai iya tsayayya da nauyin wani babban gini.

Kuma da ya fara aiki, unprecedented for Rasha: halittar zurfin ramuka da shigarwa na dogon katako, tara, wanda aka ba su yarda a Rasha gine. Har ila yau da m bude tubali samar, wanda shekaru masu yawa daga baya bayar da babban birnin kasar na high quality-kayan.

A batu na rayuwa: Aristotle Fioravanti gina Cathedral na ɗauka

Zato Cathedral - misali ne na wani babban tsarin gine-gine da tunani shi organically hadawa hadisin da juyin juya halin Musulunci bidi'a. Sai ya zama wani abin koyi ga coci na ɗauka Cathedral a Vladimir, amma Fioravanti sayar da shi ga wani yawa na neman sauyi Rasha a lokacin ideas.

The m yi mai yawa tafiya a kusa da kasar da kuma da-gane hadisai na zamanin d Rasha gine. Wadannan hankula hanyoyin maye amfani a waje zane na cikin Haikali. A daidai wannan lokaci da m bidi'a a yarda da shi don ƙirƙirar wani fili da haske babban coci.

The m ya dauka a yawan ban sha'awa mafita don ƙirƙirar wani ciki image na cikin Haikali. Ya shãfe saba ƙananan waƙoƙi, kuma yana amfani da atypical sandunan a matsayin goyan bayan, allocates wani raba wuri domin Royals. Jagora nema ya haifar da wani babban coci da cewa zai gani duk da asali na Rasha al'adu, amma kuma so su saukar da gina mafi zamani yayi a gine.

Kuma a karshen ya ba kawai halitta mai jituwa - a Rasha da kuma, a lokaci guda, da Renaissance - bayyanar da Haikalin, amma kuma tunani ta hanyar duk makwabtaka sarari, da kafa da dalilin da abin da yake a yanzu da girman kai na Rasha mutane - Cathedral Square.

Architect Ivan III tambayi gayyata dalibai daga Italiya, cewa su farin ra'ayin halittar gine-gine da gungu na Kremlin. Saboda haka, Rasha ta samu alamarta da abin koyi ga gine-gine kwaikwayo. A babban coci da aka gina a cikin rikodin lokaci, da kuma a 1479 ya zartar da coci, keɓewarsa. Kuma da m aka bayar da lambar yabo da girmamawa, amma ya aka ba saki zuwa ga mahaifarsa, kamar yadda Sarkin ya tsare-tsaren domin shi.

Shekaru da Karimci, ya tsarkaka, da ɗaukaka,

Riga a lokacin shiri na ɗauka Cathedral, Aristotle Fioravanti, m, ba zai iya manta da aikin injiniya da halaye na kirki. Ya gina igwa samar, ya koyar da Rasha Masters da soja da kuma nada shugaban Rasha manyan bindigogi. An tsunduma a bisa ƙirƙira Rasha kogin crossings, gina wani pontoon gada fadin Volkhov. A 'yan shekaru Jagora riqe a cikin ayyukansu, wanda kariminci biya da Rasha Tsar.

Duk da haka, da mai gida ya so ya tafi gida da kuma roƙi sarki ya mayar da gida, amma ya ma ji game da shi ba ya so. A karshe ambaci Fioravanti a tarihin bayar da shawarar cewa ya na da hannu a cikin wani yakin da Tver, wanda ƙare tare da nasarar Rasha makamai.

Effect Aristotle Fioravanti gine a Rasha

Zato Cathedral aka samu tare da babbar sha'awa da Rasha gine-ginen, kuma haka a duk kan Rasha ya fara bayyana wuraren, ko ta yaya ya mayar da style of Italian m. Fioravanti, ba tare da ya sani ba, aza harsashin ginin da Rasha na kasa makaranta na gine-gine, wanda daidaituwa hadawa haihuwa hadisai na Rasha gine da sabon abu na Italiya Renaissance.

Unknown ayyukan Aristotle Fioravanti

Gine-gine da masana tarihi har yanzu kokarin samun gine-gine da aka gina Fioravanti a Rasha. Akwai ka'idar cewa m na yi na ɗauka Cathedral tafiya a kasar da kuma ya dauki bangare a gina wani yawan Ibada. Wasu masu bincike sun dangana a gare shi da marubucinsa St. Nicholas Cathedral da sufi na St. Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky Yahaya theologian sufi. Akwai ra'ayi, amma ba real shaida ga wannan ka'ida ba. Kuma a hukumance Aristotle Fioravanti gina a Rasha ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau majami'u - ɗauka cewa Cathedral a cikin Kremlin.

Karshen labarin

Shi ba a san daidai lokacin da ya rasu, Aristotle Fioravanti, a lokacin rayuwa da m kawai kamar m. A cikin 'yan shekaru da ya yi ya shafe a Rasha, amma wannan lokacin kusan ba su da wata shaida. Amma duk da haka da m ranar mutuwa - a 1486 - ya nuna cewa m ya rayu tsawon isa a kwanakin rai ('71 - wannan shi ne matuƙa ta tsũfa zuwa 15th karni).

Rayuwa mahaliccin yana cike da gwaji, da binciken da kuma nasarorin. M babban coci, gina ta Aristotle Fioravanti, photo nuna shi a duk da daukaka. Sunan Wizard har abada rubũtacce a cikin tarihi na duniya da kuma musamman ma Rasha gine.

Engineer kuma m Aristotle Fioravanti, tarihi hoto cewa yana da wani yawa na fari spots, shi ne a gane bidi'a na Rasha gine-gine da makaranta. Da tasiri a kan image na Rasha ba za a iya overemphasized. Domin mu kasa, shi ne m na musamman muhimmanci, domin shi kafa gungu na babban jihar na hadaddun da gina ɗauka cewa Cathedral a cikin Kremlin.

Aristotle Fioravanti, photos na gine-gine wadda a yau za a iya samu a cikin album kowane matafiyi a Moscow, ya mai da gaske Rasha al'adunmu. Ya kasance mai gaskiya ne Renaissance mutumin: m, ilimi, haifar da su kyau da kuma girman kai. Ransa - wani samfurin na soyayya da ya aiki, wanda ya kasance zãɓaɓɓe wa karshe numfashi.