Hetman - wata alama ce Ukraine

A tarihin al'adu hetman - wani kwamandan soja wanda ya jagoranci wani gungun sojoji da kuma dukan rundunar sojojin. A karo na farko a cikin kafofin da kalmar "Hetman" da aka ambata dangane da Hussite haddin shari'a cikin Czech Republic. A Poland, da kalmar da ake amfani da tare da 1503, shi ne shugaban gidan sarauta sojojin.

Hetmans kamar yadda shugabannin siyasa

Tare da yawancin Ukrainian hetman sa irin wannan abu a matsayin "National Liberation gwagwarmaya na Ukrainian mutane" da Commonwealth. A tarihin appropriation na wannan lakabi a Ukraine ne sosai ban sha'awa. Sabanin gindin tarihi jam'iyya cewa Hetman - wannan ne zalla, a mulkin Cossacks da Hetman jihar, a karo na farko da take kasance a hukumance Bogdan Khmelnitsky a 1648.

Bayan da kungiyar Lublin a 1596 a Poland, da gyare-gyare na gida gwamnati ya faru, bisa ga abin da a kowane daga cikin yankuna na daular mulkinsu da kansa m, da ake kira hetman. Wannan shi ne labarin da zargin take "Ukrainian hetman."

A soja nasarorin da Zaporozhian

Magana game da wasu amfani aiki na Hetman na aikin sa ga Sarkin Poland a Ukraine, ba shi daraja. Daga cikin fitattun siyasa, soji da al'adu Figures na 16-17 ƙarni ne babu hukuma Hetman. Cossack Hetman yake a cikin bangare na ilimi wanda la'akari da kansu free daga Commonwealth. A Cossacks sanya kanmu dama ayyuka:

• yaƙi da Polish gentry, daga wanda ya dogara a kudin da manoma (panschina, sadãkõkinsu, da dai sauransu ...).
• gwagwarmaya da waje makiya (Krymskoe Hanstvo da Ottoman Empire).

Mafi shahara Cossack hetman marigayi 16th da kuma farkon karni na 17th sun Krzysztof Kosiński, Severin Nalivaiko da Bitrus Konashevych-Sahaidachny. Wadannan mutane sun gani a ci gaba da Cossacks real damar gane so daga cikin Ukrainian mutane su zama m, kuma, saboda haka, nasu jihar. A lokaci guda, da suka fahimci haduwar wannan tsari. Babban hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya sun soja kamfen da kuma tawaye. A mafi m shi ne yunkuri na 1591-1596 shekaru. A wannan lokacin, da Cossack alkalama sun ƙarfin hali ƙwarai, amma har yanzu ba sanye take da makamai, don haka ya sha wahala da yawa kashi a manyan fadace-fadace. A daidai wannan bafadan cũta sun iya sa babba. Sai bayan wadannan yunkuri Rzeczpospolita sauya karamar tsarin, gabatar da hukuma matsayi na Hetman. External tafiye-tafiye Cossacks kamata a lura da Moscow a 1602, kazalika da dama tsanani hare a kan Turks, Ukrainians sun nuna su zama sosai karfi abokan adawar.

hetman Khmelnitsky

Bogdan Zinovy Khmelnitsky aka haife shi a 1596. Ya samu mai kyau da ilimi a Kiev yar'uwarsa makaranta. Patrimony ne a Khmelnitskiy Subotove, kusa da birnin Chigirin (zamani Cherkassy yankin na Ukraine). Ya yi aiki a sansanin rijista Cossacks, ya halarci a cikin yakin da Spain, ya dauki kagarar Dunkirk a Faransa. Amma ta farko manufa a cikin rayuwa Khmelnitsky yi a cikin lokaci daga 1648 zuwa 1654 a lokacin da National Liberation yaƙi da Commonwealth. A lokacin da wadannan shekaru Hetman - soja da kuma shugaban siyasa na sojojin da suka yi yaƙi da Commonwealth. The yaƙi da Polish jihar shige da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara. Nasara yaƙin ya a cikin bazara na 1648 a Yellow Waters da Korsun.

Yaren mutanen Poland shugabannin ya bayyana cewa suna mu'amala da wani karfi abokin gaba. A lokacin bazara na 1648 Ukrainian sojojin suka kai hari a Polish kadarori. Yawan sojoji a rundunar Khmelnitsky karu zuwa 30 000 mutane. A cikin bazara na 1648 ya lashe yakin pyliavtsi. A m shekaru, ya yi yaƙi a Zbarazh da Berestechko. Babban sakamakon da ayyukan Bogdana Hmelnitskogo aka shiga cikin Ukrainian ƙasashen Rasha a 1654 a Pereyaslav.

Ivan Mazepa - Hetman

A zamanin mulkin Mazepa daga 1687 zuwa 1709 za a iya raba 2 sassa. Kafin farkon na Arewa War Hetman yana da matukar kyau dangantaka da Bitrus Mai girma. Babban aiki na Mazepa a cikin wannan lokaci, to amfanin da mutane, bayyana a cikin ci gaban al'adu da kuma na ibada (coci ginin). Na biyu lokaci (1700 zuwa 1709) ya nuna cewa Mazepa - Hetman, tunanin game da kasar ta samu 'yanci. A apogee na irin sentiments sun zama yarjejeniya Ukrainian hetman da Swedish King Karl XII. A bayyanuwar wannan jam'iyya ya sa hannu na m sojojin Mazepa da kuma Sweden a cikin Poltava yaƙi da sojojin na Bitrus.

Ukrainian hetman, ba shakka, ba zai iya magance wannan tambaya na da cikakken 'yancin kai na kasar, amma akwai hadin kai tare da danginku al'umma - Russia da Belarusians. Hetman - wani mutum wanda ya} unshi jajircewar da kasa bukatun na Ukrainian mutane. Shi yana tare da zuwan Hetman tsananta da National Liberation Movement a cikin ƙasa na zamani Ukraine.