Zaporizhzhya Sich - a Cossack Jamhuriyar

Zaporizhzhya Sich - mai kagara cell nereestrovogo Zaporozhye dakarun (kasa) a cikin biyu da rabi na XVI ya ƙarshen XVIII karni. Yana da aka located bayan sashen kogin daga cikin Dnieper a tsibirin Khortytsya. Its halitta ya} ashin ga bunqasar na Ukrainian Cossacks. Zaporizhzhya Sich karfi da tasiri da samuwar ainihi daga cikin Cossacks da tabbatarwa daga tsarin siga. Ajiye bayani a kan bakwai Sechah cewa consistently alternated. Mu yi kokarin gane abin da mafi tasiri a cikin shakka daga tarihi yana Zaporizhzhya Sich, abin da shi ne da kuma abin da manufar da ya halitta.

na'urar

Zaporizhzhya Sich - wannan tsibirin sansanin soja, wanda aka kewaye da kusurwoyi da kawarai. Tare da kewaye akwai bindigogi. Tsakanin shafts yana da fadi da yankin, a kan wanda yake a tsaye baki-shan taba barikin inda Cossack Zaporozhtzi rayu. A sansanin su, suna karãtun dama dubu. Wani lokaci da yawan kai dubban dubbai. Dindindin ma'aikatan mai suna Kosh. A kan ƙasa da shi shi ma wani coci, makaranta, gidan na manyan jami'an, da kuma soja outbuildings. Sich a haikalin Ruhu Mai Virgin da limaman ƙarƙashin Kiev-Mezhyhirska Archimandrite. An bude sarari a kusa da coci da aka cibiyar da zamantakewa da siyasa rai na Zaporozhye Sech. Akwai gudanar majalisarku da majalisai.

Domin shafts wani bazaar, inda 'yan kasuwa zo da dũkiyõyinsu. Sich sayar da kayayyakin can. Matsayin mai mulkin, shi ne wasa, kifi. Zaporizhzhya Sich - a ƙasa da cewa ya asalin gaba daya free na ikon da gidan haya. Iyayengiji da serfs ba su nan. Dangantaka tsakanin sechevikov gina ba ta saba tilas ba, amma a kan wani kwantiragi akai. Kowane mutum ne free. A saman Zaporizhzhya Sich, ba shakka, sun sami damar. Manyan jami'an sau da yawa ya zama masu daga manyan wintering, ruwa Mills, shanu awaki da sauransu. N.

da zaben hukumomi

Zaporizhzhya Sich - a kwantar da tarzoma kungiyar tare da bayyana matsayi na iko. Duk da cewa kowa da kowa ya free Cossack, zamantakewa da bambance-bambance har yanzu wanzu. Rich saja biyayya taro na matalauta sechevikov. Tsakanin aji kungiyoyin kasance a Layer na kananan masu - tsakiyar aji. Daga tsakãnin mawadãta Cossacks zabe ta rare kuri'a domin tip, wanda ke mayar da hankali administrative iko a hannunsu. Ta ya shugabanci wata runduna da kuma sarrafa kudi, kuma ya wakilci Sitch a dangantakar diplomasiyya tsakaninsu.

Duk da 'yancin kada kuri'a na kowane Cossack foreman kusan ko da yaushe nemi m yanke shawara da kansu. Zaporizhzhya Sich - shi ne ilimi, wanda ake ce da Cossack jamhuriyar.

Sich al'umma an raba ta zuwa shan taba. A m iko ne Cossack Council, wadda jawabi mafi muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi. Yana duk dauki bangare Sich. A wannan wuri ne zabe ataman. Rada da kuma guda iya cire shi daga mukamin. A sechevikov ya yi kotu. Akwai wani code na shari'a da Final tsarin. Domin sata daga abokan aiki, rashin kunya da kuma alfahari ga mafi girma umurninSa, ga mata fya a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe (a sansanin akwai wani mata), luwadi da kuma sauran laifukan iya zama kotun yanke shawarar rasa kawunansu.

samuwar

Zaporizhzhya Sich - wani wuri inda mai yawa da hankali biya ilimi. Ga yara Cossack makarantu sarrafa ta majami'u. Akwai su da aka sanar da karatu da rubutu music, tsarkakewa, da sauransu. Wani nuna alama daga cikin al'adu ci gaban da Sich wani m hali zuwa littattafai, wanda aka gani, na girma darajar. Iya saya su iya kawai m Cossacks. Littafin yana dauke daya daga cikin mafi kyau kyautai. An yi imani da cewa asalin kalmar "bulala" - Slavic. Yana da wani wanda aka samu daga "slashing" - a yaƙi, wani yaƙi da takuba. The kalmar "bulala" ga Ukrainian Cossacks aka inextricably nasaba da sansanin soja a tsibirin Khortytsya da kuma sauran wurare. Shi ya zama fadan da gida.

Movies Cossacks

Zaporozhtsy yi teku da ƙasa yin yawo sandunan, Turks, Tatar Muscovite. Domin Rasha da Poland Sich ya lokaci mai tsawo da kuma a lokaci guda m counterweight shãmaki da Crimean Tatars da Turks. Duk da haka, da 'yancin-m Cossacks sun sau da yawa a yaki tare da su. Domin Ukrainian peasantry, wanda aka zalunta karkiyar da Dogayen sanda, da Sich ya zama alama ce ta gwagwarmaya a kan azzãlumai.

Zaporozhtsy ya jagoranci duk baƙauye yunkuri da Yaren mutanen Poland gentry. Sun kasance sũ ne da soja da kuma tuki da karfi. A Army zanga Cossacks mamaye sojojin doki. A teku, sai suka je a kananan jiragen - abin da ake kira shayi. Kowace daga cikinsu housed 50-70 sojoji. Gaba da jirgin ya tafi ataman tare da tutar. Kowane Cossack aka dauke da makamai da takobi, ya yi biyu da bindigogi, za'ayi shida fam na gunpowder, da tsakiya domin shaho, aka ɗauke da Nuremberg Quadrant ga fuskantarwa.

A tsiyacewa na Sich

Bayan da Rasha-Turkish wars na XVIII karni, a cikin abin da Cossacks kuma dauki bangare a gefen Rasha, aka annexed Crimea da kuma Black Sea Coast An lashe. Da nan da nan barazana daga Turks da Tatars zuwa daular bace. A daidai wannan lokacin akwai wani yankunan tawaye na Pugachev, wanda ƙwarai tsoratar da Catherine II. Rasa ta geopolitical muhimmanci Zaporizhzhya Sich da ta freemen ya ga mulkin wata m tushen hadari. Wadannan dalilai suka kai ga ta tsiyacewa. Bayan kama da sansanin soja a kan Khortitsa mafi yawan Cossacks aka Hijira zuwa Kuban da kuma Don.