Ina ƙirƙira takarda. Tarihi da Facts

A farkon ya Papyrus

Abin da muke kira da takarda, ba tare da na zamani ofishin rai ne mai wuya, shi ne ba ko da yaushe wani format takardar A4. Saboda haka, wannan tambaya da inda ƙirƙira takarda, ba za ka iya ba wani tabbataccen amsar. Wani hudu shekara dubu da suka wuce zamanin d Masarawa amfani Papyrus ga rubutu. Tare da tushe a hankali cire a saman Layer na fata. Previous bakin ciki zanen gado superimposed a kan sãshe kuma sa a karkashin nauyi matsa lamba. A bonded kuma bushe zanen gado na Papyrus kuma bauta rubutu takarda.

A zamanin d Rasha aka yi amfani da rubutu da wani ciki Layer na Birch haushi. Gano ta archaeologists birchbark haruffa ne 11-15 ƙarni. Ko da yake rahoton na Arab marubuci Ibn al-Nedim ya ce "a ƙasar Rousseau sun haruffa sassaka a kan wani farin yanki na itace." Post Dates baya ga shekara 987. Wasu jama'a kafofin nuna yin amfani da Birch-haushi haruffa na Arewa Indiyawan Dajin Amirka.

takarda Gida

A kasar inda takarda da aka kirkiro, wanda muka yi amfani da wannan rana, ya ba da duniya ain, kamfas, gunpowder, wasan wuta. Wannan, ba shakka, game da kasar Sin. Kuma idan sunayen da? Ir na "precursors" a takardar da takarda - Papyrus littattafan da Allunan - zama ba a sani ba, sunan mutumin da ya ƙirƙira takarda, quite da kyau a san. Su ne Tsai Lun, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin wani bābā a kotu. Wannan taron ya faru a 105 AD, a zamanin mulkin da Han da daular.

A kasar inda ƙirƙira takarda, ba shuka Birch Ashtarot. Ga girma Mulberry, bamboo da kuma shinkafa. Cai Lun rastolok fibrous haushi na Mulberry itace. A sakamakon cakuda da aka gauraye da ruwa, hemp kuma itace ash, sa'an nan Ya sanya a kan wani bamboo frame sanduna. Na shimfiɗa? Sakamakon Layer yin amfani da dutse da kuma dried a rana. Wannan shi ne yadda za a samu na farko takardar da takarda. A tsawon lokaci, samar da fasaha inganta. A cakuda da aka ƙirƙira by Cai Lun, ya fara ƙara sitaci, siliki zaruruwa, colorants, wanda ƙwarai inganta ingancin takardar takardar.

Duk da m ya bayyana

A mutane na gabashin kasar inda ƙirƙira takarda, a hankali kiyaye asirin ta samar. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce, Sin fatake tafiya da dũkiyõyinsu a duniya. Caravan, ya yada zango a wani sabon birni, sadarwa, raba labarai. Dawo wa ƙasar haihuwarsa, suka kawo labarai daga kan tekuna. Shi ne mai irin duniya sadarwa. Kuma ko ta yaya a birnin Samarkand, Arab yan kasuwa gano asiran takarda shawara, da kuma ilmantarwa kawo shi Spain. Takarda nan ya fara yi a 1150. Ba da da ewa takarda samar da fasaha ya zama sananne a duk kasashen Turai.

A Rasha takarda masana'antu bayyana ne kawai a cikin biyu da rabi na 16th karni. Kafofin bayar da rahoton cewa a Moscow a cikin 16th karni, akwai 10 takarda Mills, 50 kamfanonin, inda suka sanya hannu takarda da kwali.

Yanzu kowane schoolchild sani, inda ya zo da shayi, yan sanduna na cin abinci, inda takarda da aka kirkiro, a general, wadanda abubuwa da suka zama wani ɓangare na mu rayuwar yau da kullum.

Duk da haka, kasa da aka sani game da gaskiyar cewa, inda na farko inji cewa samar da takarda a hanyar da a da muke amfani da shi yanzu. Kuma wannan ya faru a Faransa a 1798. Kuma a cikin 1807 gasar a Ingila ya jadadda mallaka da sabuwar dabara na da na'ura na yi da takarda Rolls. Ba da da ewa fara ubiquity na Manufacturing takarda marufi. Amma shi ke wani labari.