Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: a takaice biography. A almara Soviet jirgin saman soja matukin jirgi

Yuni takwas m da kuma damuwa goma sha tara ɗari da ashirin, da bukka a Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv kauye a gundumar Chernigov lardin - sanar kukan jariri. Boy mai suna Vanya (Ivan). Shekaru da dama, da kuma a jihar da ake kira Union of Soviet Socialist jamhuriyoyin ba zai sami wani mutum wanda bai san inda kuma a lokacin da aka haife matukin Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin mahalarta yakin duniya na biyu da kuma Great Patriotic War ƙunshi facts, kuma gigice kowa sha'awar a dabara na iska fadace-fadace na jini rikici kasashen da kawai ya faru a cikin XX karni.

A sama, a gida

A gaban, Ivan Kozhedub ya ba tun da farkon kwanaki na Great Patriotic War, kuma a cikin watan Maris 1943. Duk da haka, matukin jirgin gudanar ya nuna irin ƙarfin hali, ƙarfin hali, kyau na yaƙi da cewa ya zama sau uku Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Ko da a cikin peacetime, kasar kimanta da isa yabo na matukin daraja na "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN Ya yi yaƙi da abokan gaba kamar yadda wani ɓangare na kawance sojojin. A mafi inganci WWII matukin garzaya yi fama manufa 366 sau, ta rinjãya 120 iska fadace-fadace, shafe ta 62 Nazi jirgin sama.

AM buga hari da basira ta amfani da 'yar alamar kuskure maƙiyi. Fada daidai a cikin burin daga duk wani matsayi na jirgin sama. Kozhedub inji a cikin wannan yanayin ne invulnerable: ko da tsanani lalacewa, shi ne ko da yaushe "a kan reshe". Fada abokai ce da shi: "A sama, a gida."

Biyu ranar haifuwa

Indomitable hali Ivana Kozheduba, da ikon neman hanyar fita a kowane halin da ake ciki da aka aza a farkon yara. A cikin iyali, noma ƙasar, girma da 'ya'ya biyar. Uba (tsohon m) ya kawo yara tsananin, gudanar da sacrament aiki da sassafe.

Tuni a cikin 5-shekara haihuwa Vanya na tafiya, a dare tsare lambu. The shugaban iyali san irin wannan kariya daga kadan taimako, amma imani da cewa irin wannan gwaje-gwaje da karfafa hali, koyi wajen warware matsalar. Daga baya, yaron ya taimaka saka idanu na shanu adult makiyaya (ya underherdsman). A aikin da aka ba ji tsoro, ya zaci: hanya ta tafiya.

A 1934, shekaru 14 da haihuwa yaro ya kammala horo a yankunan karkara makaranta. Shekaru biyu na ilimi koya a rabfak (ma'aikata baiwa shirya ma'aikata da manoma don koyi a high school). A shekarar 1936, ya wuce ƙofar gwaje-gwaje a cikin College of Technology Chemical (Shostka).

Abin lura: don samun a cikin kwalejin, matasa shekaru ya karu kamar wata shekara. Akwai shaida da cewa Kozhedub IN aka haifa ba Yuni 8, 1920, da kuma Yuli 6, 1922 A 1939, nan gaba matukin jirgi ya fara karatu a Shostka tashi kulob din. Ƙware multipurpose biplane U-2.

frontline sama

Complete horo a Kozhedub College da wani damar - a farkon 1940, nan gaba sinadaran m ya Red Army (da soja Ma'aikata 'da kuma manoma' Red Army). Fate aiko shi a kan wani daban-daban hanyar: a fall na shekara ta arba'in Ivan Nikitivich samu da "ɓawon burodi" (Diploma) Chuguev Soja sufurin jiragen sama Pilot School (Maris 1941 School of matukan jirgi). Kamar yadda mafi kyau dalibi da aka bari a makaranta kamar yadda wani malami matukin jirgi, koyar da sabon shiga.

Amma a gaban, ma, sun kasance a bukatar irin wannan muhimmanci mayakan kamar Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Brief biography ya ce a 1943 ya aka aiko zuwa 302 th Fighter Division, ga Voronezh Front. Kamar haka ya fara aiki a matsayin soja gunki na da yawa na mazaunan da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha Federation.

A farkon yakin da na jirgin sama La-5 da aka lalace - daga Jamus "Messer", amma a lokaci guda - daga Soviet anti-aircraft Gunners, gaba wajen yaki. Duk da haka Kozhedub ya iya kasa da lalace jirgin sama. Yana da jũna da cewa ya gudu aiki ne a kan, ya kawai fara. Amma shugaban rajimanti goyon farin shiga, ba shi da damar tabbatar da kansu a cikin m fadace-fadace tare da abokan gaba.

Yuli, 1943

A farko Nazi jirgin harbe saukar Kozhedub zama U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real dauki shida a cikin watan Yuli 1943 a lokacin da zafin fadace-fadace a Kursk. A Yuli 7 a kan lissafi na Ivan aka jera wani "Junkers" da kuma bayan kwana biyu - 2 BF-109 jirgin saman soja (Messerschmitt Bf.109, ko Ni-109).

Soja masana tarihi ware da kuma bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin hudu na asali jaruntakar mataki da ta sa Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi a cikin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru ne kamar haka. A farko jaruntakar hali kwanan rana talatin Satumba 1943 Wannan kaka rana, juya jirgin sama a lokacin da tabbatarwa daga Soviet sojojin tsallaka da Dnieper, Ivan aka bar gaba daya kuranye (ba tare da rufe nasu), amma ba tsoro.

Noticing "Junkers", ya dived a kan multipurpose jirgin sama na Luftwaffe, ya shigo da makiya naúrar. Girgiza da ƙarfin hali da na Soviet ace, da Nazis tsaya harin bom, ya tafi a kan tsaron gida. Ina kirgawa a kan cewa Ivan Kozhedub, a feat wanda ya sanya tarihi. Amfani da cewa daya daga Ju-87 ja baya daga kungiyar halakar da ita gaba daya demoralizing abokin gaba.

Oktoba 1943

Uku Oktoba 1943 tara guda-engine jirgin saman soja La-5 (ciki har da jirgin sama Kozhedub) ya rufe sarari na soja aiki a kan bankunan na Dnieper. Matukan jirgin gan girgije shafi "laptozhnikov" (wani sunan barkwanci da aka ba Russian "Junkers-87").

Kowane 9 maƙiyi kai harin rufe shida na mayakan "Ni-109." Yana da jũna da cewa sun cika duk a cikin sama. Duk da cewa sojojin sun zalunci, Ivan Nikitivich jaruntaka jagoranci cajin biyar La-5. Makiya ba sa ran wani ƙwauro adadin Soviet jirgin sama zai iya tsanani haɗu da m armada, amma shayi.

A 'yan mintuna bayan harin fara, da ƙasa rushe kawai biyu "Junkers". Sauran jirage na farko da tara nan da nan ya ba da "baya". A takaice lokaci daga baya ja da baya da 2nd tara Ju-87. Soviet matukan jirgi rinjãya ba ƙarfi, kuma fasaha unmatched ƙarfin zuciya, selflessness.

Extreme "don samun tafi" mota fyauce da kuma juya shi a cikin kome Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief biography da ya rubuta cewa, ya sa "mai ma'ana" a yaki da Nazi nutse kai harin.

Fabrairu, 1945

A watan biyu na hunturu a shekara ta 1945 da aka alama ta fadace-fadace a kan gabaci. Yadda za a bambanta a cikin Vistula-gabaci aiki Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Taqaitaccen Tarihin gwarzo da ya ƙunshi irin wannan bayani. A sama a kan gabaci matukin daya daga cikin na farko a cikin tarihin duniya ya kawo saukar da sabuwar jet "ME-262". Kafin shi ya ci mota Luftwaffe sabuwar zane ba zai iya zama kowa.

Haka ya faru kamar wannan. Fabrairu sha tara Kozhedub da abokin Dmitry Titorenko, sami a tsawon uku kilomita daga wani ba a sani ba da jirgin sama. Ya tashi a gudun har ma da sabon "La 7" iyaka (a karshen shekarar 1944 Kozhedub ya zama mataimakin. Amirul 176 th Guards. IAP, wanda a wani matsananci watan bazara ya da wani jirgin saman soja, "La 7", da dama inji na latest zane ).

Kozhedub lura da cewa Jamus ace annashuwa, saboda motarsa tashi "da sauri fiye da haske" da kuma sarari a ƙasa za a iya bar zũciyõyinsu. Soviet matukin jirgi ya gana da makiya motocin a karo mana, ya La-7 jirgin saman soja ya harbe "German" kasa dama "a cikin ciki".

Titarenko sa'an nan ya fara harbe-harben ma nan da nan, amma hari tilasta maƙiyi ga kau da kai na dan lokaci "shiru" Kozhedub cewa m rinjãya sakamako. Lokacin da nesa an rage wa matsakaicin yiwu, Ivan bude wuta, smashing amsawa "mu'ujiza."

Afrilu 1945

A cikin watan biyu na spring lashe Ivana Kozheduba yanke shawarar "tsorata" masõyan - Amirkawa. Unsuspecting matukin Kozhedub, kare da American «B-17», otpugnuv shi biyu Jamus mayakan. Amma kusan nan da nan sha wahala mai iko hari daga nesa. Wa harbe - shi ba a bayyana a cikin zãfi na yaƙi. Duk da haka, biyu san ko su wanene jirgin sama da aka yi niyya a cikin halakar da Soviet yaki inji!

Banked, Ivan Nikitivich, tafi daya gefen da kuma buga shi. Wani stunt (Kozhedub jũna a taso kan ruwa a cikin sama), shot - da kuma fadi a kasa, a karo na biyu winged dan wasan. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, ya ci ya zama Amurka Air Force, "Mustangs." Masõya bayyana su mayaudara yi cewa "kuskure ya faru."

A gaskiya ma, magoya bayan na yaki da Nazism yanke shawarar duba Kozhedub iya karawa "ƙarfi." Kuma a sa'an nan ba kunya Ivan Kozhedub rayuwa feat ko da a cikin mafi m yanayi za a iya daukarsa a matsayin duk da haka wani tabbaci da cewa ya kasance da gaske gwarzo.

afterword

Sa'an nan da yawa jirage harbe saukar Kozhedub? Tare da "Doki" masõya - 64. Kozhedub IN aka bayar da high karrama 'yan qasar jihar: har da Order of Lenin (4), Red Flag (7), Red Star (2), Alexander Nevsky, yakin duniya na matakin, da dai sauransu, kazalika da waje umarni .. ya mutu a Kozhedub takwas Agusta 1991. Inda aka binne - Moscow, da Novodevichy hurumi.