Dmitry Ustinov - Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet, da jama'ar kasar Commissar da kuma ministan da Tarayyar Soviet Armed. Biography, awards

Future soja Dmitry Ustinov aka haife shi a Samara a wani talakawa aiki iyali. Duk da cewa da aka haife shi a 1908 (in an jima kafin farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci), ya ya iya shiga a cikin yakin basasa - a cikin matsananci har. The matashi, ba su ma da lokacin da za a kammala karatu.

Sabis a cikin Red Army

A 1922 ya ƙãra yin wani aikin shiga Red Army. Ya aka sanya abin da ake kira da dakaru na musamman (CHOZ). Da aka halicce su a cikin na farko shekaru na Soviet jihar. Sun kasance sũ ne "soja jam'iyyar" kungiyoyin bayyana a cikin jam'iyyar cell da shiyya kwamitoci don yaƙar counter-juyin juya halin.

Sun Dmitry Ustinov aka aika zuwa Asiya ta tsakiya. A Turkestan, dole ne ya yi yaki tare da fashi makada, da suke daya daga cikin na karshe gagarumin juriya ga sabon kwaminisanci gwamnati.

koyo

A na gaba sa kai demobilized a shekarar 1923 da kuma aika zuwa ga Kostroma lardin. Akwai ya san a Makariev a sana'a makaranta. A bara, Dmitry Ustinov daukan CPSU (b). Bayan da a saki 'yan ayyukansa kamar yadda wani makaniki. Da farko Balakhna a wata takarda niƙa, sa'an nan da ma'aikata na Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

New a 1929 wani saurayi ke da gida Polytechnic Institute. Akwai ya sauri karya Komsomol tsani da kuma zama mamba na jam'iyyar hukumar. A makings na wani shugaba a yarda da shi don zuwa Birnin Leningrad, inda a wancan lokacin ya tafi yawan ma'aikata Soja Mechanical Cibiyar.

Ya wanzu a tsarist sau, da kuma bayan juyin juya hali da aka modified sau da dama, ciki har da a sakandare ilimi ma'aikata. Yanzu akwai sashin manyan bindigogi da kuma harsasai. A 1934, Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov aka samar a can tare da wani injiniya. Yau, da jami'a Bears sunansa.

"Bolshevik"

Nan da nan talented injiniya ne a Birnin Leningrad, ya harbi Marine Research Institute. Ga furofesoshi yi aiki da yawa da shekaru hardening da Titanic kwarewa. Ustinov shi ne shugaban sanannen Aleksey Nikolaevich Krylov - makanikai, lissafi da kuma shipbuilder. Ya da aka sani da yawa msar tambayar ayyuka na ƙwarai, wanda ya samu a matsayin sakamako daga sarki, da na Soviet jihar. Bisa ga mafi Ustinov, shi ne ya main malami wanda shuka a cikin shi a son sani a cikin kungiyar da kuma nasu bincike.

A waɗannan shekaru a cikin sahu na nomenklatura da fasaha Elite na Tarayyar Soviet sun taro repressions. Tsohon cadres mutu a Gulag, suka maye gurbinsu da sabon sunayen. Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov ya daga wannan sosai "matasa" kira.

Ya samun a kan "Bolshevik", wanda sosai da sauri (a 1938) ya zama darektan. Wannan kamfanin da aka shari'a gaje daga cikin shahararrun Obukhov factory da wani muhimmin dabarun abu. Ga kadan kafin na farko Soviet tractors da kuma tankuna.

Dmitry Ustinov zo nan a karkashin taimaka na farko sakataren Leningrad Regional da City Andreya Zhdanova. Ya bukaci cewa ƙarƙashin iyakar tasiri. The shirya tattalin arzikin aikin a duk, da aiwatar da kowanne da ake bukata nagartacce. Ustinov dauki kamfanin a wani bakin ciki jiha. Amma ya ji tsoron je m matakan: canza kayan aiki na shigo da samfurori, sake-m ma'aikata, da dai sauransu A sakamakon haka, ma'aikata fara sadar high quality-kayan aikin ... Gosplan aka wuce, da kuma matasa darektan ya samu cikin Order of Lenin.

Ustinov, kamar da dama na galaxy, Stalinist kasance m har karshen rayuwa. Lokacin da danniya shãfe ayarinsa, ciki har da Nikolai Voznesensky, ya dangana wadannan abubuwan da rikici kewaye da shugaban.

Mutane ta Commissar makamai

Makonni biyu kafin a fara yaki da matasa da kuma alamar darektan aka nada Mutane ta Commissar da Tarayyar Soviet makamai. Stalin ya yi ĩmãni da cewa kai tsaye rikici da Reich ne makawa, amma zai faru ba a baya fiye da a cikin shekara daya ko biyu. A wannan lokaci, ya yi fatan samun rearm kasar, dogaro a kan Ustinov tsara ikon da ƙaddamar.

An yi imani da cewa da nada Daraktan "Bolshevik" ga post na jama'ar kasar Commissar Lavrenty Beriya patronized. A wannan lokaci shi ne shugaban kusata Stalin, da murya ya hukunci a ma'aikata da al'amura.

Ba da lokaci don samun da sanya kasuwanci danƙa hukumomin, a kan Yuni 22 da ya kararrawa farka shugaban Gosplan Nikolai Voznesensky kuma ce cewa yaki ya fara. Yana lokaci cinyewa kullum aiki na kwashe dukan soja-masana'antu hadaddun a cikin gabashin kasar, daga gabatowa gaba.

Wuya Stalin sun "Hurumi", don haka da cewa da cewa nan gaba Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet yana da rai, kuma a cikin ofishin, yayi magana don kansa. Duk da haka, ya samu nasara ya bayyana, kuma ba tare da irin wannan kwatancen. Kafa aikin Enterprises a raya yake sun fi mayar taimake kashi Jamus a wani yaki na attrition. Daga baya a kan, riga a cikin Brezhnev zamanin Tarayyar Soviet Marshal aka musamman mutunta sunayen da nasara fitarwa na samarwa.

A wannan aiki akwai kuma funny faru. Alal misali, Ustinov ya karya kafa, hawa a kan babur (ya kullum ƙaunar babura). Tsoron azãba magabatansu, da ya isa a cikin Kremlin. Amma Stalin, bisa ga peculiar walwala da annashuwa, da jama'ar kasar Commissar da umarnin bayar da sabon mota, har ya daina reshe bai karya.

m aiki

Bayan da yaki, Ustinov zauna a gidansa post. A shekarar 1946 akwai wani gyara na Commissariats. Suka sake masa suna ma'aikatar (Dmitri dillancin ya Ma'aikatar makamai na Tarayyar Soviet). A 1953, sai aka maye gurbinsu da kujera kuma ta ɗauki nauyin tsaron masana'antu na jihar.

Shekaru shida (daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 1963.) aiki a cikin majalisar ministocin kasar da, inda ya gangarawa hukumar a kan su profile. Kamar yadda daya da hannu a cikin Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sarari ta aka bayar da lakabi na Hero of Socialist Labor.

Ministan Tsaro

Ustinov aka yi tsayayya da zuwa Khrushchev da kuma shiga rukunin 'yan maƙarƙashiya, cire shi. Lokacin da Brezhnev zo ikon, Dmitri halitta riƙe a jihar Elite. Tun shekarar 1976, ya - da Ministan Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma memba na Politburo na da CPSU kwamitin tsakiya. Wadannan posts ya riƙe har mutuwarsa.

A Brezhnev shekaru, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan suka dauki bangare a cikin tattaunawa da key al'amurran da suka shafi na Soviet siyasa. Wannan karamin rukuni kuma kunshi Leonid Illicha Suslov Andropova Gromyko Chernenko.

Kamar yadda ministan tsaron kasar Ustinov ne da farko aka sani na da koyarwarsa. A cewar ta, Soviet sojojin reequipped kuma samu sabon kayan aiki. Wannan shi ne yanayin da makaman nukiliya (SS-10) da kuma maras makaman nukiliya (sulke dakarun).

Ustinov ya daya daga cikin initiators na yaki a Afghanistan, ciki har da sosai farko saukowa ayyukan. A mutunta mutane da yawa ta aiki ya kai ga wannan shawarar da Politburo. Saboda haka Ustinov saɓa wa babban hafsan hafsoshin Ogarkov, wanda, a akasin haka, bai so da mamayewa.

A karkashin shugabancin Ustinov mu shige daya daga cikin mafi girma a tarihin Soviet atisayen sojin. Sun karbi lambar sunan "West-81". Sa'an nan a cikin Soviet sojojin da aka farko gwada sarrafa kansa kula da tsarin da dama iri high-daidaici makamai.

sun fi mayar da kasar ta yanke shawara aka m da sa hannu na kasashen in Cacar Baki, a lokacin da dangantaka tsakanin USSR da Amurka yana murmurewa, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya sake.

mutuwa

A karshe mutum, wanda toka da aka binne a wani akwatin jefa kuri'a a Kremlin bangon, to, ya, Dmitry Ustinov. The iyali samu wani fensho dogaro. Ya shige daga cikin marigayi 1984, bayan wani sanyi a gaba show na soja da kayan aiki. A wancan lokaci, ya riga ya mutu, Andropov da Chernenko rayu daga kwanaki na arshe. Generation na Soviet shugabannin stagnation lokaci petered fitar da zare jiki na tsufa. A mutane, wannan jerin mutuwar aka kira "tseren da karusai." Ustinov ya 76 years old.

A girmamawa Marshal taƙaice sake masa suna Izhevsk - City gunsmiths. Duk da haka, 'yan ƙasa ya mayar da martani ga canji a ƙin yarda, da kuma tarihi sunan da aka koma ta hanyar garuruwa uku.

karrama

Ustinov biography hada da rasit na da yawa awards, ciki har da lakabi na Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, Hero of Socialist Labor (sau biyu), kazalika da 11 umarni na Lenin, kuma ko da daya ga Order of Suvorov da Kutuzov (duka farko digiri).

Bugu da kari, sau da yawa da aka ambata gwamnatoci na Warsaw yarjejeniya da dukan kwaminisanci axis: Mongolia, Czechoslovakia, Vietnam, Bulgaria, da dai sauransu ...