Stalinization - wani tsari na de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - ne tsari na kawar da akida da siyasa tsarin, wanda aka kafa a zamanin mulkin I. V. Stalina, ciki har da sadaukarwa mai girma shugaban ta hali. Wannan lokaci da aka yi amfani da Western adabi tun a shekarar 1960 ta. A yau labarin, za mu duba a cikin tsari na de-Stalinization (kamar yadda aka ɗauki cikinsa da za'ayi da Khrushchev), kazalika da nasa sakamakon. A ƙarshe, mun tattauna da wani sabon zagaye na wannan siyasa a Ukraine da kuma Rasha.

A farkon de-Stalinization

The muhawara a kan wannan batu ba sõmammu har yanzu. Wasu mutane la'akari da cewa debunking na Stalin ta hali ya kamata a ci gaba, yayin da wasu - kira wani da manufofin kuskure Khrushchev. Yana duk ya fara a 1953. Jagoran tanƙwasawa mutu, kuma da shi da tsohon tsarin. Don ikon da sauri zo kaifi da kuma hukunci Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Ya da wani ilmi ba, amma shi ne gaba ɗaya biya diyya wani abin mamaki siyasa hankali. Ya fara da mafi ƙasƙanci matsayi a cikin jam'iyyar da kuma sauƙi hango sabon trends. A shekarar 1956, a XX Congress na CPSU, an yanke shawarar zuwa debunk makafi bauta Stalin ta hali. Kamar yadda tarihi M. Gefter, juriya ga gwamnatin wanzu tun kafin mutuwar shugaba. Imani da Stalin ta clairvoyance an gurgunta da wani nauyi shan kashi a yakin duniya na biyu. A karo na farko cikin hali daba aka dangantawa da Beriya. Amma sannu a hankali ta fara aikin hukuma de-Stalinization al'umma.

"Asirin rahoton" Khrushchev

XX Congress na CPSU taru 1436 wakilai. Sai aka kira shi domin watanni takwas kafin wa'adin saboda gaggawa bukatar sake duba rates bayan mutuwar Stalin. Kuma shi ya ƙare tare da abin da ake kira "m rahoton" Khrushchev. Girmamawa da aka bai wa bayanai samu da Hukumar Pospelov game da danniya. A cewar Khrushchev, 70% na 'yan takara na kwamitin tsakiya zabe a XVII Congress, sun harbi. Duk da haka, Khrushchev nace cewa de-Stalinization - wannan ba daga halakar da tushe na gurguzu al'umma da kuma kawar da cutarwa sadaukarwa. Masana'an, collectivization da tauri yaƙi tare da dakarun 'yan adawa sun kasance anã dole turakun a ci gaba da Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin karfi jihar. A danniya aka tuhuma da kaina da Stalin da henchmen. Khrushchev bai gane cewa asalin matsalolin karya ba a cikin hali na shugaba, amma a cikin tsarin da kanta.

Aqibar kasar

"Asirin rahoton" Khrushchev aka ba da aka buga da kuma aka karanta kawai a tarurruka na jam'iyyar ma'aikata da ke tare dace comments. Stalin bai gane cikakkar mugunta. A lokacin da ya mulkin, "ba a canza yanayin" real gurguzanci. Society ne har yanzu motsi a kan tafarki madaidaici, da cewa shi ne, to Kwaminisanci. Korau aukuwa aka sanar surmounted godiya ga kokarin da jam'iyyar kwaminis shugabanni. Saboda haka shi ya kusan cire daga alhakin Stalin ta magoya bayan. Su zauna a cikin manyan mukamai. A general, da "asiri rahoton" Khrushchev:

• Ya ya canza tunani na Soviet mutane.
• tsattsage duniya kwaminisanci motsi.
• ya shaida daga cikin rauni na Tarayyar Soviet da kasashen yamma.

Stalinization: lokacin daga 1953 zuwa 1964god

A wata al'umma daban-daban halaye da sabuwar manufar. Yana fara kaifi bambanci tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen yamma. Bari mu fara daga farko. A 1953, Stalin ya rasu. Kan gaba shekara da sunansa da kuma image ne kullum tattauna a jawabai na shugabannin jam'iyyar. Bayan da "asiri rahoton" ya fara na aikin siyasa na de-Stalinization. Duk da haka, a cikin wani jama'a akwai wani dukan kewayon daban-daban, ra'ayin da tsohon babban sakataren. A discrediting na Stalin ta hali a matsayin wata alama wani zamanin haifar da wani kunar bakin yaki. Mutane da yawa ba su fahimci dalilin da ya sa Khrushchev ya fara murya da ra'ayinta game da zalunci kawai bayan rasuwar babban shugaban. A mataki na farko de-Stalinization - shi ne da farko rabuwa na kula da tsarin. Republican management da aka bai wa fiye da 10 dubu Enterprises. Bisa ga dokar a 1957 halitta fiye da karni na tattalin arziki yankuna da na gama management gawarwakin - hukumomin tattalin arzikin. Decentralization tabbatacce al'amari shi ne karuwa a gida manufofi. Korau - rage fasaha ci gaba. A Soviet tsarin rasa ikon su mayar da hankali da kudi don bunkasa. decentralization peaked a shekara 1961.

XXII Congress na CPSU

Late da dare, Oktoba 31, 1961 Red Square da aka killace kashe. Mutane da aka sanar da cewa gudanar da wani maimaitawa na farati a kan 7 ga watan Nuwamba. Amma a gaskiya, na aiwatar da yanke shawara na XXII Congress na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet. Wato, ya wajaba a yi Stalin daga kabarin. Kowane mutum na fahimci cewa irin wannan mataki na iya kawo tashin hankali. Domin da yawa na dokar ta-Stalinization - wannan shi ne kawai da taron. Daga cikin discontented sun mai yawa sojoji. Local al'umma fara siddan yanke Monuments daga cikin manyan shugaban. A mutane joked cewa Khrushchev fid up sarari a cikin kabarin gaba da Lenin wa kansu. A shekarar 1961, birane da yawa da aka sake masa suna.

a Ukraine

Stalinization - wani manufofin cewa muhimmanci rinjayi halin da ake ciki a cikin Ukrainian SSR. A wannan lokacin, shi ya katse yaƙi gāba da kasa jin zuciya ta ragae aiwatar da Russification da ya karu rawar da Ukrainian factor a duk duniyoyin. Don da post na farko sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kwamitin tsakiya zabe Kirichenko. Kociya matsayi fara daukar tushen Ukrainians. A 1954 da Tarayyar Soviet da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Crimea. Wannan shawarar da aka m da yankin makwabtaka da kasuwanci al'umma. Matsalar shi ne kabilu na yawan jama'a. Ukrainians lissafta kawai 13.7%. A tabbatacce lokacin na de-Stalinization tsari da aka fadada daga cikin hakkokin da kungiyar tarayyar jamhuriyoyin. Duk da haka, a da yawa hanyoyi shi ya kawo mafi shawara a cikin al'umma.