Ismail Gasprinskii a cikin tarihi na Crimea

Ismail Gasprinskii, wanda rayuwarsa da kuma aiki ne da wani misali domin da yawa - an yi fice Crimean malama, marubuci, m kuma jama'a adadi. A cikin wannan takarda, mun gabatar da wani taƙaitaccen biography na wani sanannen mutum. Mun kuma gaya maka game da irin rawa da Ismail Gasprinskii a cikin tarihi na Crimea.

Origin, yara

Ismail aka haife shi a Maris 1851. Wannan taron ya faru a kauyen Avdzhikoy dake kusa Bakhchisaray. Mahaifinsa leftana da sunan Mustafa. Firamarensa Ismail Gasprinskii samu gida, bayan da ya yi karatu a kauyen makaranta-mektebe (Muslim makarantu). Bayan da ya sauke karatu daga Simferopol dakin motsa jiki da aka nan sai ya shiga a cikin Voronezh yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps.

A lokacin daga 1864 zuwa 1867, Ismail Bey Gasprinskii karatu a Moscow soja makaranta. Dokar a cikin irin wannan babbar ma'aikata ya iya saboda mahaifinsa shi a cikin jama'a da sabis. Haka kuma, Mustafa Gasprinskii nasa ne da HALITTAR na Crimean Murza, wanda daidaita yayin da Rasha nobility.

Muhimmanci lambobi, samuwar akida

Ismail a Moscow ya zama abokai tare da dan Mihaila Katkova, edita na "Moscow News", kuma wani sanannen Slavophile. Wasu lokaci Gasprinskii zauna a cikin iyali. Duk da haka, ya zarar koma kasarsa. Ismail ya fara koyarwa a Bakhchisarai (a Zincirli Madrasa) a 1867. Bayan shekaru 3, sai ya tafi Paris, inda ya halarci laccoci a Sorbonne da kuma aiki a matsayin mai fassara da kuma ya magatakarda na YAKE Turgenev, sanannen Rasha marubuci.

Sa'an nan Gasprinskii game da wani shekara ya rayu a Istanbul. Daga can ya rubuta rubutu da Rasha jaridu. A} asashen waje, Ismail dauki ra'ayoyi da kuma ilimi, wanda ake sa'an nan ir} iro fassara. Sun daskarar cikin wani mai yiwuwa akida, ƙarshe juya a cikin wani fitaccen mai kawo canji Gasprinsky.

ofishin

Komowa zuwa Crimea Ismail don wani lokaci aiki a matsayin wani malami. Duk da haka, a watan Fabrairu 1879, ya zama magajin gari na birnin Bakhchisarai. A wannan wuri Gasprinskii zauna har Maris 1884

Gasprinsky zane da ra'ayoyin

A 1881, Ismail rubuta wata muqala mai taken "Rasha Musulunci. Zamantakewa, bayanin kula da lura da wani Musulmi." Wannan aiki ya zama wani irin ilimi manifesto, kuma ba kawai ga Gasprinsky. A cikin wannan takarda, marubucin ne da aka ba da ake kira "la'ananne tambayoyi" na rayuwa. Irin dangantakar da ya kamata a tsakanin Rasha da kuma Tatar? Abin da ya kamata a Rasha Musulmi (Tatars) dangane da Rasha? Don abin nufi nẽmi Rasha hukuma dangane da Tatars, kuma ko da shi ne jajirce? Duk wadannan tambayoyi amfani Gasprinsky.

Ismail rusa Notes da rashin mai jiwuwa da manufofin da za su karfafa da baza na ra'ayin na Rasha wayewa da Musulmi. Gasprinskii rubuta cewa shi ya kawo da yawa m 'ya'yan itace ga Rasha Musulmi, da kuma a general ga kasar. Marubucin rubutu cewa Rasha Musulunci bai ji, bai yi da bukatun na Rasha jihar. Ya ba fahimta da ra'ayoyin, burinsu, ba a sani ba zuwa ga farin ciki da kuma bakin ciki. Bugu da kari, rashin ilimi na Rasha harshen insulates Rasha Musulmi daga Rasha adabi da kuma tunani, kazalika da duniya al'ada. Gasprinskii Notes cewa shi ne mired a camfi da haihuwa ra'ayi cewa shi ne rabu da sauran mutane. A sabili da yawa mũnãnan ayyukansa, bisa ga Ismail, shi ne rashin wani m, mai jiwuwa siyasa domin inorodcheskogo da heterodox yawan jama'a.

Rungumar ideas dauke a cikin muqala, Gasprinskii Notes cewa haduwa da Rasha Musulmi da Rasha jihar hana jahilci, wanda yana nuna shakka. Abin da ke cikin bayani da shawarar da marubucin wannan halin da ake ciki? Gasprinskii yi imanin cewa, a cikin shakka daga Musulmi makarantu kamata gabatar na farko koyarwa daban-daban sciences a Tatar. Saboda wannan a cikin musulmi a yanayi zai shiga ilimi ba tare da cuta zuwa jihar. Wannan, bi da bi, tãyar da ilimi matakin na limaman Kirista da kuma mambobi ne na tsakiyar aji. Saboda haka yana yiwuwa a kore da yawa son zuciya.Magana. Wani awo samarwa Gasprinsky, - halittar sharadi gwargwado ga littafin na buga kayayyakin a cikin Tatar harshe.

Jadidism

Ismail, kamar yadda wani Musulmi mai ibada, a cikin foreground buga halittar wani sabon salon al'umma al'umma masu ce Musulunci. Jadid garambawul ya zama wani tasiri amsar tambayoyin da matsalolin malama. Shi ne da godiya ga Ismail ne tartsatsi a tsakanin Musulmi da suke zaune a Rasha.

Jadidism samarwa gyara shirin game da ilimi. Its main yankunan hada da wadannan:

• Gyara da ilimi na Musulmi, ya kawo shi a cikin layi tare da Turai matakin.
• samuwar wani kenan domin dukan al'umman da na Turkic wallafe-wallafen harshen.
• samar da taimako da kuma} ungiyoyin jama'a,.
• kara jama'a alkawari, canji a cikin matsayin mata musulmi.
• inganta kyakkyawar dangantakar dake tsakanin Turkic-al'ummomin Musulmi da suke zaune a Rasha.

Jaridar "Terdzhiman"

Gasprinskii wadannan daraja ka'idoji, da ayyana su fara wani aiki ilimi da ayyukan. Alal misali, a watan Afrilu 1883, ya fara wallafa a Bakhchisarai jaridar da ake kira "Terdzhiman" ( "Fassara"). Domin shekaru masu yawa, shi ya zama kawai hanyar a Rasha Turkish jarida. A "Terdzhimane" buga bayanai game da mafi latsa al'amurran da suka shafi. Jaridar ta fito a matsayin Crimean Tatar da kuma Rasha harsuna.

A farko, da littafin ne a mako-mako, amma daga baya ya fito da kuma sau uku a mako, da kuma kowace rana. "Terdzhiman" dade har mutuwarsa Gasprinsky, ya zo a cikin shekara ta 1914, kazalika da wani 4 shekaru bayan haka. A cikin wadannan shekaru, a jaridar edita ya dansa Refat.

Sauran jaridu da mujallu, wanda aka buga Gasprinskii

Wani jarida, wanda aka buga Ismail Gasprinskii - mako-mako "gero" ( "Nation"). Ya kuma fito da wani mata mujallar, "Alemi nisvan" ( "duniya ta mata '"). Shefika Gasprinsky, 'yar Isma'ilu, shi ne editan da wannan mujallar. Amma dai ba duka wallafe tushen Gasprinsky. Ya fito da wani yara mujallar a kan Crimean harshe "subyan Alemi" ( "Yara World"). Har ila yau daraja ambata shi ne m littafin da ake kira "Ha-ha-ha!", Wanne aka kafa ta Ismail Gasprinskii. Tarihinsa, kamar yadda za ka iya gani, alama a saki mai yawan mujallu da jaridu.

Samar da wani Turkic harshe

Ismail nema ya tabbatar da cewa Turkic mutanen da suke zaune a Rasha, ka sanya sõyayya a kan tushen da halittar kowa Turkic harshe. Harshe Gasprinskii dauke tushen wanzuwar Turkic Solidarity. Ismail kokarin farko na dukkan su gudanar da wani rabe-gyare-gyare. Ya yi imani da cewa "dayantaka na harshe" bai yi aiki ba daga ta kanta, kamar yadda idan da dukan taron jama'ar harshe da kuma typological kama da harsuna na Turkic al'ummai bambanta da yawa. An muhimmanci mataki wajen haduwa da waɗannan al'ummai duka suka fara samar da irin Turkish Esperanto. Wannan harshen da aka halitta bisa ga Crimean Tatar (ta kyautata version).

ilimi garambawul

A tsarin ilimi ne dauke Gasprinskii, shi ne kuma wani muhimmin yanki da ake bukata m garambawul. Ismail ya ɓullo da wani musamman Hanyar makaranta. An farko gwada a Bakhchsarai makaranta a 1884. Babban amfani da wannan hanya ya mai ma'ana nazarin batutuwa maimakon rote koyo m texts. Bugu da kari, a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa rayayye amfani da su harshe, amma wannan ba ya ware da nazari na Rasha, Larabci da kuma Turai harsuna.

Godiya ga makarantu don amfani da hanyoyin da Gasprinsky, a cikin na farko shekaru 15 na karni na 20th, wani sabon ƙarni na Crimean Tatar masana. Su aka kafa kamar yadda Turawa, amma ba tare da rasa da Muslim ainihi.

LURA, congresses Rasha Musulmi

A 1903, 20th tunawa da jaridar "Terdzhiman" ya zama wani irin kasa forum. Yana Gasprinskii aka gane a matsayin "uban al'ummar Rasha Musulmi." A farko Musulmi Congress aka za'ayi da aiwatar da su ideas na Turkic-Islamic Solidarity.

Ismail Gasprinskii a 1905 ya zama shugaban farko Congress daga cikin musulmai na Rasha. Wannan majalisa alama farkon daidaituwa dukkan Rasha Tatars. Na biyu majalisa da aka gudanar a watan Janairu 1906 a St. Petersburg. Ismail Gasprinskii ya shugaban da a kan shi. A wannan taron, an yanke shawarar samar da Union of Musulmi na Rasha. A watan Agusta, 1906 a kusa Nizhny Novgorod hadu Uku Congress. Aka yanke shawarar canza kafa kungiyar Musulmi (Ittifaq al-Muslimin) a cikin wani musamman jam'iyyar siyasa. Its shirin da aka bisa ga akidar Pan-Turkism.

Ismail Gasprinskii: shayari kuma litattafan

I.Gasprinskiy sani ba kawai a matsayin wata jama'a adadi, amma kuma a matsayin talented marubuci. Ya rubuta wani adadin na ƙwarai ayyukan art. Gasprinsky labaru da kuma litattafan ( "Arslan kyz", "Molla Abbas", "Daya bayan shekara ɗari") da aka buga a cikin jaridar "Terdzhiman".

Kuma kamar yadda wani mawãƙi sani I.Gasprinskiy. Ya waqe game da Crimea da Crimeans yanzu da aka sani zuwa ga mutane da yawa. Duk da haka poetic al'adunmu na wannan marubucin ne kananan. Ya waqe (game da Crimea -. "Crimea", da dai sauransu) ba kamar yadda aka sani da sakamakon da ya jama'a da kuma wallafe-wallafen da ake yi.