Novgorod zuwa Moscow shiga. A abin karni ya girma Novgorod dangane Moscow

A tsakiyar karni XV, mafi muhimmanci aiki, wanda ya jimre Ivan III na, aka annexed zuwa Moscow a Veliky Novgorod. Amma da yake ba da kawai contender a kan ƙasar. Su hakkin su da kuma kokarin nuna Grand Duchy na Lithuania.

A farkon da rikici

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa Moscow ta tarihi da kullum da aka kakkarfan dangankata da Novgorod. Tushen da rikici koma a cikin mulkin gargajiya yaki flared up daga cikin zuriyar Prince Dmitry Donskoy, wanda dade da dama da suka gabata - daga 1425 zuwa 1453.

Babban takaddama jam'iyyun sun Vasiliy Temny da Dmitry Shemyaka. Bayan da shan kashi a yakin ga iko ne na karshe mafaka a Novgorod. Vasily Dark nasara a 1449 don shiga wata garabasa wa kansu mu'ãmalar da Lithuanian yarima da nan Polish sarki Casimir IV cewa kowane daga cikin jam'iyyun za su yarda a kan iyakarta da abokan hamayyar siyasa na juna. Bugu da ƙari, Lithuania, ya amince ya sauke kai hari a kan Novgorod. Bayan 4 shekaru na Basil da taimakon aminci mutane guba Shemyaka.

alkawari na yazhelbitsy

A tarihin Novgorod aka barjat jini fadace-fadace. Daya daga cikin su ya faru a 1456 a wani gari da ake kira Ruz. Sai Moscow sojojin sun iya kai shi quite sauƙi, kuma kusan ba tare da juriya. Amma suka zarar farmaki Novgorod sojojin doki. Muscovites karkashin jagorancin gwamnan ta kuma Striga Basenko boye bãYan wani snow-rufe tadawa. Suka fara harba kibiya ba a cikin Novgorod warriors da kuma dawakai. Akwai wani rikici. Novgorod aka ado a nauyi makamai, don haka ba su iya yin yãƙi a kan daidai da Muscovites. A sakamakon haka, mafiya yawa daga cikin boyars da aka kama ko aka kashe.

Saboda haka, Moscow ya sami cikakken nasara a kan Novgorod. A daidai wannan lokaci da yawan farko-jam'iyyar sojojin ya 20 sau kasa da na biyu. Bayan wani lokaci a Yazhelbitsy Vasiliy Temny dauki ofishin jakadancin, karkashin jagorancin Archbishop na Novgorod Euthymius II tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa kammala wata yarjejeniya. Bayan wasu shawarwari, da jam'iyyun sanya hannu a dangantakar yarjejeniya. A cewar shi, mãsu hasãra, ya biya da lashe wani isasshe manyan indemnity, maki 8 da dubu. Rubles. Amma shiga Novgorod zuwa Moscow bai dauki wuri. Ya zauna m.

A halin da ake ciki, bayan an kammala zaman lafiya

A tarihin Novgorod, ya ce a 1136 da ya zama sosai farko maras tauyewa Jamhuriyar located a kan ƙasa na Kievan Rus. Yana yi a mulkin demokra] iyya ma'aikata kamar majalisar. Yana wanzu har da abubuwan da suka faru da ya kai ga annexation na Novgorod zuwa Moscow. Amma, duk da wannan, ba dukkan 'yan ƙasa sun kasance a ni'imar da' yancin kai na ƙasarsu, kuma sun kasance a shirye don yin yaki domin shi.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da hakkin talakawa 'yan ƙasa na fadin nufin sau da yawa ba mutunta, da matalauta, yawan, wanda kunshi serfs, duk an hana da hakkin ya kasance ba a cikin majalisar. A rata tsakanin mawadata da matalauta ya cika yawa, don haka talakawa mutane na Novgorod ba okin ya yi yãƙi tãre da Moscow domin hakkokin da boyars.

A 1460 Grand Duke Vasily zo zuwa ga ofishin jakadancin zuwa Novgorod tattaunawar. Amma jama'a suke da shi da kuma ko da kokarin kashe shi. Saboda haka m wani rikici, wanda aka ba lasisi daga Bishop Jonah, don tursasa wa jama'ar Novgorod da Tatar mamayewa tare da Muscovites.

3 shekaru bayan ziyarar Novgorod Prince of Moscow, da jamhuriyar ki taimakon soji Pskov, ya tambaye su taimake shi fend kashe da hare-haren na Livonian Knights. Taimako ya zo daga Moscow. Sa'an nan Novgorod dauki bayyane maƙiya matsayi game da Pskov. A wannan lokaci, shi warware rikici mai hikima manufar Prince Ivan III.

sabon sabani

Novgorod Elite duk lokacin da aka karkashin gaba da matsa lamba daga biyu makwabtan jihohin isasshe m - Moscow da kuma Grand Duchy na Lithuania. Boyars sun sane da cewa su ci gaba da mallaka zai yiwu ne kawai a yayin da wani alaqa da daya daga cikin su.

Moscow ta tarihi da maki ya nuna gaskiyar cewa jayayya a cikin ƙasar dangane wanzu a Novgorod. Manyansu jãyayya ga wani ƙawance da Duchy na Lithuania, saboda sun sa ran za su kiyaye duk su da gata, yayin da talakawa} goyon bayan Moscow tsar, saboda fuskarsa da suka gan, musamman da Orthodox m.

Sanadin yaki

A lokaci, wanda bauta ga wani kari a watan Mayu 1471 a cikin Great Novgorod, sun jita-jita, wai nuna cewa mafiya yawa daga cikin boyars, karkashin jagorancin Marfoy Boretskoy bazawara magajin sa hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Lithuanian gefe na vassalage. Wasu masu tarihi sun yi imani da cewa wadannan jita-jita, su ne kawai dalilin da tashin hankali. Amma duk da haka akwai kuma cewa Novgorod aka tambaye zama mataimakinsa Lithuanian yarima. Bugu da kari, suna nemansu don ƙirƙirar mafi m na Moscow, cikin coci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yakin da Novgorod samu irin na yaki da masu ridda da sabuntawa da Orthodox ĩmãni.

wani yakin

A wannan lokaci da soja mataki a kan Jamhuriyar gangarawa cikin Moscow Prince Daniel Kholmsk. Na dole ce shi ne wani babba hadarin, tun da spring cewa shekara tsaya daga quite sanyi, da kuma babban yawan yi ba tukuna narke snow zai iya muhimmanci rage da gaba da dakarun gaba. Amma don jinkirta da yaƙin neman zaɓe iya ba. Zolotaya Orda da kuma Grand Duchy na Lithuania ya shirye su zo da taimakon na Novgorod.

A farkon zamanin da yaƙin neman zaɓe akwai kusan ba tare da yaqi. Moscow sojojin effortlessly kama biranen kasar, daya bayan daya. Kawai a tsakiyar watan Yuli da aka gudanar Shelonskoy yaƙi. A fagen yaƙi, sojojin sun amince Novgorod, kunsha na 40 dubu. Man, kuma 12000th sojojin abokan gaba. Sakamakon karshe na wannan yaƙi yanke shawarar iko hari Moscow sojojin doki. Talauci tsari Novgorod bai iya tsayayya irin mãsu alãma.

2 makonni bayan Shilonskoy yaƙi, akwai wani yaki a kusa Shilengi River. Yana kuma ƙare a nasara ga Muscovites. Sa'an nan ya fara tattaunawar neman zaman lafiya a Korostyn.

A sakamakon da tsaida wutar yaƙi

A sakamakon haka, Novgorod yi watsi da angarorin na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian King Casimir IV. Bugu da kari, mãsu hasãra biya game da dubu 15. Rubles, kuma a gaskiya gane da daukaka na Moscow yarima. Saboda haka da yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1471 ya fiye nasara. Ya tabbatar da cewa talakawa mutane na Novgorod, da bambanci ga boyars, ba ka so su yi yaƙi da su makwabta.

Sashe na daga cikin rabo na Jamhuriyar ya riga wani foregone ƙarshe. Amma da karshe Novgorod dangane Moscow zai faru ne kawai bayan shekaru 7.

karshe yaƙin neman zaɓe

A cikin bazara na 1477 ne ba na farko Novgorod ofishin jakadancin zo a Moscow. Amma ya juya waje cewa shi ba ya aiko vechem, da dintsi na boyars. Suna so ne a speedy kuma tabbatacce amincewa da mulkin Moscow, cewa zai ba su dama su riƙe duk da ƙasar da dũkiya. Wannan aka koya a Novgorod. Jam'iyya a gaba 'yan zanga-Moscow boyars aka kashe, kuma ya zo wa ikon magoya bayan na Lithuanian yarima. Amma mulkinsu ya short-rayu.

A watan Oktoba 1477 shi ne na karshe kari a jamhuriyar karkashin jagorancin Ivan III. A wannan lokaci, da Novgorod sojojin bai fito daga cikin birni. Ya fara dogon tattaunawar. Bayan 2 watanni, da Muscovites aka sa a gaba karshe bukatun. Sun hada da yarjejeniyoyin da posts da kuma karewa Posad bẽne zama. Tare da wadannan biyu da bukatun Novgorod amince, amma tattaunawa a kan adana manyansu kadarori jinkiri. A karshen, suka har yanzu ya ba da Prince of Moscow sufi da Vladychna ƙasar. A wannan tattaunawar da aka kammala. Janairu 15 Moscow Yariman da ayarinsa, tare da mayakan sa kai shiga cikin birnin ba tare da wani yaki.

sakamakon

A cikin tarihi na 1478 - shekara na Accession na Novgorod zuwa Moscow. War ne karshe kan. Wannan lokaci babu yanke hukuncin kisa, amma da yawa Knights na iyali aka fitar daga Novgorod. Daga cikin su kasance da Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya tare da jikansa. Daga baya, ta tonsured a Nun, da kuma ta dũkiyarku kwace.

Lokacin da Novgorod aka annexed zuwa Moscow, dukan ƙasashe fara gudanar 4 gwamnan, wanda yake da hakkin ya jefa da yawa da kai a kotu. Cinikayya, aikin noma da kuma masana'antu ne yanzu da za'ayi a karkashin iko da sabuwar gwamnatin.

Lordly jagoranci da kuma majalisar da aka shafe ta. Alama ce Novgorod ta samu 'yancin kai - taron kararrawa - dauka. Tun daga nan, ya zama na biyu birni, da kuma Muscovy ikon mallakar karu da kusan 2-Musulunci. Kamar wancan ƙare labarin Veliky Novgorod matsayin jumhuriya, wanda dade fiye da karnuka uku.