Fronda - jerin anti-gwamnati tashin a Faransa a 1648-1652 gg.

Mene ne wani Fronde? A definition wannan lokaci ko da yake yana mai tsananin tarihi gaskata - shi ne ake kira da yawan anti-zanga a Faransa tsakiyar XVII karni - duk da haka ne m, kuma m hali. Events sun nuna cewa duk da protagonists daga waɗanda tsoho events kasance munafukai, verbally bayar da shawarwari game da jindadin na kasar da kuma ta mutane, kuma a gaskiya, bi kawai nasu son zuciyarsu.

Kadan yawon shakatawa a harsuna

Tsaya kadan a kalma "Fronde". Wannan bã kõme ba ne kamar Rasha-magana Faransa pronunciation - Fronde, wanda ke nufin "majajjawa". Da zarar haka ta kira m yara game, fadowa cikin komai da kuma frivolous amusements. Domin dalilai bayyana a sama, shi ne fiye amfani da su koma zuwa ga mutãne, a cikin kalmomi, da nuna damunsu da hukumomi, amma ba zai iya yanke shawara a kan wani kwakkwaran mataki.

France tsakiyar XVII karni

Taron, wanda ya ba impetus zuwa fitowan da ajalin fara da za a ci gaba a Faransa tun da twenties na XVII karni. By wannan lokaci mafi na yawan jama'ar, wanda kunshi manoma, aka zahiri hasãra da yaƙe-yaƙe, ƙẽtare haraji da kuma looting a kan wani ɓangare daga cikin sojojinsa, da kuma da dama daga maƙiyi hordes. Wannan ya kai ga zamantakewa tashin hankali da kunna a bude tawaye.

Bisa ga kafa hadisin Fronde - wani lokaci amfani da su nuna a fakaice gabatarwa mafi Faransa aristocracy, kokarin yin amfani da m damunsu ga nasu dalilai. A wannan lokacin, ga qananan Louis XIV Jihar Board daukawa fitar da uwarsa - Sarauniya Regent Anna Avstriyskaya da farko ministan, Cardinal Mazarin. Su da manufofin sa damunsu ba kawai talakawa, amma kuma da kotun Elite. A sakamakon haka shi da 'yan adawa, karkashin jagorancin majalisar.

Ware ayyuka na talakawa

Yan adawar daga cikin manya yadudduka da dalĩli aka riga da m zanga-zangar. Ko da yake haddin shari'a sau da yawa m, kuma m, ko da ko ya karya fita a Orenburg steppe, ko kuma a karkashin windows na Versailles, a cikin wannan yanayin, da sarauniya da Cardinal yi sa'a - shi aka iyakance zuwa kawai gina shinge, kuma ba tare da zubar da jini. Amma tsoron Anna Avstriyskaya sun wahala kuma sun sanya asasshe ga 'yan tawayen da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar.

New nuna events sun dauka, a lokacin da, a cikin 1648 a gefe na Sarauniya samu bribed karimci kyauta da Prince of Conde - a gane gwarzo kawai ƙare da shekara talatin War. Wannan matsananciyar mai kasada da harsunan 'yan barandan soja kewaye da sojojin zuwa Paris, fiye da wani sabo fashewa da ke damunsu da talakawa, wadanda, a alliance da wani rukuni na aristocrats sake kai wa tituna.

Kotun ta ci gaba da gwagwarmaya da kuma hargitsi

Fronda - shi ne kawai wani abu ne da aka kafa a sakamakon irin wannan ban mamaki misalliance - Union matalauta mutane da kuma arziki jaded. Idan na farko a cikin su anti-gwamnati taken kasance quite m, da karshen kokarin kawai cire sirri riba daga faruwa. Wannan ya fahimce shi sosai da babban initiators na tashin - cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar. Ba dogaro da taimako na aristocracy, suka yi gaggãwa zuwa gama a yarjejeniya tare da Sarauniya, da kuma cewa da shi dan lokaci ya kwanta.

Amma a tabbatar da zaman lafiya a kasar bai faru ba. A kwantar da hankula ya keta duk wannan Prince of Conde. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, ya aka cinye haddi kishi na Mazarin da so don gabatar Sarauniya Regent tallafi da ya gamshe shi da kaina na siyasa yanke shawara. Rasa da ikon kai a lafiya courtly da rikici, da ya ga m antics rabu yadi da kuma ƙarshe ya ƙare har a kurkuku.

Kwamandan a cassock

Duk da yake Mabayyani, makãmashi zauna a cikin masallãci Vinsenskogo castle, kasar barke wani sabon tawaye, wannan lokaci ta shirya wa 'yar'uwarsa tare da Duke na La Rochefoucauld da wani rukuni na aristocrats, ƙi da Cardinal. Babban hadari ga kotun shi ne cewa Princess of Conde da kuma ta abokai, kyalewa kasa da bukatun, ya kawo a matsayin masõya daga cikin Spaniards - gargajiya da makiyan Faransa. Ba don kome ba an tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa da Fronde - shi ne da farko gwagwarmaya sirri bukatun.

Cardinal ya bar tsawon lokacin da sabis talakawa a cikin Cathedral of Notre Dame kuma tafi a kai na sojojin mallaki m yankunan. Ya hadu tare da nasara, kuma nan da nan girma daga cikin 'yan tawayen ajiye makamansu. A mafi tsawo da ya tsayayya da dakarun gwamnati Bordeaux, amma ta kare mika wuya a Yuli 1650. Ya kamata a lura cewa Mazarin, duk da cewa shi ya kasance wani mutum daga high ruhaniya daraja, san soja al'amura. Pacify da 'yan tawayen, ya sauri, kuma daidai tsaya harin da aka ciyar da su da taimako ga Spaniards.

Freedom da kuma cin amana da Prince de Conde

Duk da haka, bayan da shan kashi na 'yan tawayen Fronde a Faransa ba su ba - da yawa da aka at Mazarin maƙiya a Paris kanta. Suka ƙi shi, kuma suna gaggawar shiga cikin ikon da aristocracy maƙarƙashiyar ƙasƙantattu don wani lokaci, da majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma kafa wani kawance da nema da kau daga ikon Sarauniya da Mazarin saki daga kurkuku da Prince de Conde. Karfafawa bisa rikice na Anne na Austria, frondory yunkurin bayyana ga qananan m King Louis XIV ya ba ta, da kuma Prince of Orleans.

Biyu na farko da bukatun da aka hadu, kuma Prince of Conde, da aka saki daga kurkuku. Da zarar free, ya, ya saba wa tsammanin na tsohon shirkinku, jarabce ta da karimci alkawarai da Sarauniya shiga ta sauka. Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa wa'adin da dũkiya - kawai wani komai a magana, same shi cheated da kuma nan da nan tafi a kan mayar da su frondoram. Oddly isa, tsohon abokai gladly yarda - a fili venality an dauke quite al'ada.

War, ƙi da mutane

By wannan lokaci da yanayin da ake ciki a kasar ta ɓullo da wani sosai tsanani da kuma barazana ga lafiyar Sarauniya ne da wani hakikanin barazana. A birane da yawa, shi ya fara tawaye tsokane ta Prince of Conde da kuma ayarinsa, kuma daga kudu suka fara wani hari Spanish sojojin. Events iya dauka da mummunar bi da bi, amma ajiye da Cardinal Mazarin.

Jim kadan kafin cewa, a karkashin matsin lamba daga majalisar dokokin kasar, ya bukaci ya yi murabus, ya bar ƙasar Faransa. Kuma a yanzu, a cikin mawuyacin halin da, shi reappeared, amma ba shi kadai, amma tare da wani karfi detachment na sojojin haya, wanda ake dauka a Jamus. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kafin ya lokaci, a matsayin Prince of Conde da dakarun sun shiga Paris.

A kan titunan babban birnin kasar Faransa da ƙofar birnin suka fara wani matsananciyar gamuwa. An ban sha'awa, daki-daki - tarihi takardun nuna cewa kowa mutane a wannan yanayin, ya kasance tsaka tsaki, tare da daidaita distaste ya shafi garesu daga cikin rikici. Kowane mutum ne gaji da m kuma babu inda jagorancin ƙiyayya, haka dadewa cewa ba ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa ta ainihin dalilin. Fronda rasa da goyon bayan da talakawa da kuma juya a cikin wani gwagwarmayar ikon a cikin jihar matsayi.

Gamawa na siyasa wasan

Mun kawo ƙarshen dukan ayyukan Sarauniya Regent. Yana da a sau cire daga babban birnin kasar don haka ya fusata Cardinal 'yan adawa da kuma sanar da shiri ya yarda majalisar ta bukatun. Yana wani siyasa rawar daji, amma tare da taimakon Anna Avstriyskaya lashe kan tsohon abokan adawar a cikin aristocrats. Dukan su samu gwamnati mai daraja da dumi wuri. Conde aka Shi kaɗai, kuma nan da nan sanya wani cin amana, shiga cikin Spanish Army.

Wannan ya kawo karshen m Fronde. A takaice Summing up da ya faru, iya yaƙĩni ce cewa, tun fara a matsayin wani flash na taro zamantakewa zanga-zangar, wannan tsari ne awash a m gwagwarmayar ikon, mafi girma da manyanmu na jihar. Duk da ƙẽtare haddi a sa'an na taron, duk abin da ya faru a Faransa a lokacin tsakanin 1648 da 1653 da shekaru, shi ne saboda sirri bukatun da 'yan. Saboda haka zaci cewa Fronde - wani irin blank wasan blase dukiya da mulki da 'yan siyasa.