Tarihi na rediyo

"Radio" yanzu quite saba da na kowa kalmomi. A yau duniya kowa ya san cewa ga watsa bayanai "ba tare da wayoyi" yin amfani da igiyoyin rediyo. Amma wasu shekaru 100 da suka wuce, ba wanda zai iya kwatanta irin wannan ba. Tarihi na rediyo, a gaskiya, yana da ban sha'awa. Har yanzu, masana tarihi jayayya a kan wanda yake da gaskiya kirkiro shi - Popov ko Marconi.

A duk lokacin da, da engine na aiwatar akwai wani connection. Back a 1864, da wanzuwar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa annabta rubuce J. Maxwell. Kasa da shekaru 25 da tsunduma a cikin halittar wadannan taguwar ruwa Hertz. A lokacin jerin gwaje-gwajen da ya tabbatar Maxwell ka'idar da kuma ci gaba da aikin fara da wanda ya gada. A sakamakon da aka halittar wani na'ura cewa ya iya watsin da kuma samun electromagnetic taguwar ruwa ne guda. Wannan mai karɓar ya kasance m kuma yi aiki ne kawai a nesa na kamar wata mita. Wannan shi ne farkon ci gaba, amma da ake bukata a yi wani abu dabam domin a real dangane - cikakken, mai iko watsawa. Abin baƙin ciki, Hertz mutu daga m jini guba, amma tarihi na rediyo ba ya hana a can.

Academic duniya al'umma ya kasance sha'awar a gwaje-gwajen da na Hertz. Kuma jimawa sake bude hanyar for wani sabon m karɓa. Mun yi wannan Banasare da wani Bafaranshe O. Lodge E.Branli. Sun gano cewa wasu karfe foda cika tube amsa da kyau zuwa ga taguwar ruwa. Lokacin da watsawa slipped farko walƙiya, ta dauki wani musamman siginar da kuma gudanar da na yanzu. Duk da haka, domin liyafar na gaba siginar coherer (tube) ya zama dole domin ya girgiza dan kadan, ya dawo da shi kamar haka a wani farawa matsayi.

Wadannan gwaje-gwajen ya zama interested in Russian m Alexander Popov, mãdalla da fahimtar da bukatar wani mara waya sadarwa. Ya fara search for da aikace-aikace a yi, "Hertz tãguwar ruwa". Yana da ya wajaba don saita wurin inji don haka da cewa coherer kansa "twitching" bayan kowane siginar kasancewa iya nan da nan kai na gaba daya.

Ga fara tarihi na rediyo Rasha developer. Popov samu mafita burge tare da m sauki. Don haɗa da tube lantarki kararrawa. Lokacin da guduma zobe alama a kan jefa coherer, ta haka ne ya dawo zuwa ta asali matsayi. Daga cikin sauti na shi shi yiwuwa a sami sakonni ba tare da wani matsaloli sa'an nan rare Morse code. Wani inji aka haɗa da alƙalami domin gane sakonni a kan tafiya bel. Wannan rediyo liyafar da kuma watsa (a nesa na 60 mita) Popov ya nuna a 1895. Haka abin ya fara a tarihin jama'a rediyo. Sa'an nan, ya halicci wani na'ura da ya kawo amfani - "hadari nuna alama" cewa rijistar walƙiya a kan tef. A tsawon lokaci, da aminci ya yi aiki ga 250 m. The hali ya yi nasara, amma karshe sakamakon da ake bukata mai yawa aiki da kuma lokaci.

A lokaci guda G. Marconi, wani matashi Italian wanda ya yi aiki rayayye a kan wani irin aikin, amma wasu hanyoyin. Af, ya karba makircinsu ne kusan indistinguishable daga zabin Popov. Sadarwa ne ma daukar kwayar cutar ne kawai a kan short nisa. Amma da Italian zanen da aka fi m da kuma so da sauri samu aikace-aikace na tsarin. Ya yi kira ga daban-daban Jihar jikinsu, amma duk ya ki. Kuma kawai a 1897 ya aka sanya a lamban kira a United Kingdom. A tarihin rediyo, kafa wani Italian, ya zo sama a Rasha, cewa Popov ya amsa quite mayalwaci, la'akari da cewa Marconi ta farko shiga dauki deben m-akai da kuma kai a cikin gwaje-gwajen, madalla da sakamakon.

Bayan wani lokaci, ci gaban na biyu da Italiyanci da kuma Rasha, sun samu su m aikace-aikace. Marconi na'ura amfani da Prince of Wales a kan jirgin ruwa mai filafili "Osborne". A wasansa na farko Popov ya tsira 50 masunta ta yin amfani da na'urar domin mara waya ta sadarwa, a lokacin da shi ne a yarda ya gyara domin radiogram wuri na seafarers.

Kuma Popov, kuma Marconi an rayayye aiki a kan inganta mara waya ta sadarwa. Yana yiwuwa don inganta ingancin da kuma cimma kara tazarar dake tsakanin karba. A labarin ba ya kawo karshen tare da ci gaban da rediyo, saboda a kan lokaci ya zama mafi m da kuma abin dogara, gyara da kuma inganta.