A 'yan asalin mutanen Siberia. Mutanen Siberia da kuma Far East. Kananan mutanen Siberia

Kamar yadda masu bincike daga bangarori daban-daban, da 'yan asalin mutanen Siberia ya daidaita a kan wannan yanki a cikin marigayi Paleolithic. An cewa lokaci ne halin da mafi girma da farauta cigaban biyu kamun kifi.

Yau yawancin kabilu da kuma kabilu a yankin ne 'yan da su al'adu ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Next za mu yi kokarin samun matsahi na saba da labarin kasa na kasar, kamar yadda mutãne na Siberia. Photo Wakilai musamman harshe da kuma noma za a gabatar a cikin labarin.

Binciken wadannan fannoni na rayuwa, muna kokarin nuna bambancin al'umma da kuma iya fadakar da mai karatu ta sha'awa cikin tafiya da kuma tashin hankali.

ethnogenesis

Kusan daukacin yankin Siberia wakilta Mongoloid irin mutum. An dauke da haifuwa na Asiya ta tsakiya. Bayan fara ritaya daga cikin gleiser mutane da kawai irin wannan fasali zaunar yankin. A lokacin, ya ba tukuna aka ɓullo da dabbõbin ni'ima ƙwarai, don haka babban zama na yawan fara farautar.

Idan ka bincika taswirar harshen kungiyoyin na Siberia, za mu ga cewa sun samu wakilci mafi yawan Altai da Ural iyalansu. Tungus, Mongol da Turkic harsuna a hannu daya - da kuma Finno-Samoyed sauran.

Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki siffofin

Mutanen Siberia da kuma Far East ga ci gaban da yankin ta Rasha m da irin wannan hanya ta rayuwa. Da fari dai, da na kowa kasance tribal dangantakar. Hadisai aka sa a raba ƙauyuka, aure kokarin ba don yada bayan kabilar.

Azuzuwan an rarraba bisa ga wurin zama. Idan akwai wata babbar waterway, shi ne sau da yawa hadu ƙauyuka zaunar masunta, wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa aikin noma. Main guda yawan aka tsunduma kawai a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima kiwo, misali, shi ne sosai na kowa da aka herding.

Wadannan dabbobi suna m waddan ba kawai don samar da nama, undemanding ga abinci, amma kuma saboda da fãtun jikinsu. Su ne sosai bakin ciki da kuma dumi, yardaswa al'ummai kamar evenks zama mai kyau mahaya da sojoji a dadi tufafi.

Bayan zuwa ga ƙasa na wani firearm rayuwa sun canza muhimmanci.

A ruhaniya fanni na rayuwa

A zamanin d mutanen Siberia har yanzu mabiya shamanism. Ko da yake ga mutane da yawa ƙarni shi ya halartar daban-daban canje-canje, amma da ƙarfi ba a rasa. Buryats, misali, da farko kara da cewa wasu rituals, sa'an nan gaba daya switched ga addinin Buddha.

Mafi yawa daga cikin sauran kabilu aka ƙa'ida baftisma tun karni na sha takwas. Amma yana da hukuma bayanai. Idan muka dauki wata tafiya ta cikin kauyuka da ƙauyuka sanaki da kananan mutanen Siberia, za mu gani a gaba daya daban-daban hoto. Mai bi zuwa ƙarni-tsohon hadisai na kakanninsu ba tare da} ir} sauransu hada da suka gaskata da daya daga cikin manyan addinai.

Musamman ma wadanda fuskoki dabam-dabam na rayuwar bayyana a kasa holidays, idan akwai halayen daban-daban imani. Su intertwine da kuma haifar da wani musamman juna na kwarai al'adun kabilar.

Bari mu ci gaba da magana mafi game da abin da su ne 'yan asalin mutanen Siberia.

Aleuts

Suna kiran kansu unangany da kuma makwabta (Eskimos) - alakshak. A total number of kawai ashirin dubu mutane, wanda mafi yawansu suna zaune a arewacin Amurka da kuma Canada.

Masu bincike yi imani da cewa Aleuts aka kafa game da shekaru dubu biyar da suka wuce. Duk da haka, a da asalin, akwai biyu da maki na view. Wasu la'akari da su a raba kabilanci mahaluži, wasu - cewa su tsaya daga gare su, daga Eskimos.

Kafin wadannan mutane gana da Orthodox Church, wanda ke da mabiya su ne a yau, Aleuts professed cakuda shamanism da animism. Babban shamanic kaya yana cikin siffar tsuntsu, da kuma ruhohi da daban-daban abubuwa da kuma mamaki wanda aka nuna katako masks.

Yau da suke bauta wa Allah daya, wanda a cikin harshen da aka kira Agugum da kuma wakiltar da cikakken yarda da duk canons Kiristanci.

A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation, kamar yadda za mu gani a kasa, ya gabatar da yawa kananan mutanen Siberia, amma suka zauna kawai a daya shiri - kauyen Nikolskoye.

Itelmens

A kai-sunan zo daga kalmar "itenmen", wanda yake nufin "wani mutum wanda yake zaune a nan," a gida, a cikin wasu kalmomi.

Suna iya saduwa a cikin ƙasa yamma na Kamchatka Larabawa da kuma a cikin Magadan yankin. A total number of - kadan fiye da dubu uku mutane, bisa ga 2002 ƙidaya.

A bayyanar da suka kasance kusa da Pacific type, amma har yanzu suna da bayyane fasali na arewacin Mongoloids.

The asali addini - animism da fetishism, primogenitor ƙidaya yi cara. Rufe matattu a Itelmens soma da iri na "iska binne." Marigayin aka rataye har istlevaniya a cikin akwatin gawa a kan wani itace, ko sanya a kan wani musamman dandali. Wannan hadisin iya fariya ba kawai a cikin mutãnen Eastern Siberia, a zamanin da shi ne na kowa ko da a cikin Caucasus da kuma a Arewacin Amirka.

Mafi na kowa kama kifi da aka kama kifi da farauta a cikin jihar bakin teku dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar like. Bayan tartsatsi taro.

Kamchadals

Ba dukan mutanen Siberia da kuma Far East ne aborigines, misali na wannan na iya zama Kamchadals. A gaskiya, wannan ba wani m al'umma, amma a cakuda Rasha baƙi tare da na gida kabilu.

Harshe da Rasha doped tare da na gida yaruka. Suka yada yafi a Eastern Siberia. Wadannan sun hada da Kamchatka, Chukotka, Magadan yankin, tekun Okhotsk.

Bisa ga ƙidaya, jimlar yawan fluctuates cikin biyu da rabi da mutane dubu.

A gaskiya, kamar yadda irin wannan Kamchadals bayyana ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni na sha takwas. A wannan lokacin, Rasha natsuwa da kuma yan kasuwa suna karfi da kafa lambobi tare da na gida, wasu daga cikinsu aure a itelmenkami da kuma wakilan da Koryak da Chuvans.

Kamar wancan ne, zuriyar wadannan tribal ƙawance da su yanzu Kamchadals sunan.

Koryak

Idan ka fara jeri a cikin mutãnen Siberia, Koryak zauna karshe wuri a cikin jerin. An san Rasha bincike daga karni na sha takwas.

A gaskiya, wannan ba al'umma guda, amma da dama kabilu. Suna kiran kansu namylan ko chavchuven. Bisa ga ƙidaya, a yau da lambar - game da dubu tara mutane.

Kamchatka, Chukotka da Magadan yankin - da yankin da suke zaune wakilan wadannan kabilu.

Idan muka yi rarrabuwa a kan tushen da salon, sun kasu kashi bakin teku da kuma tundra.

A farko - nymylany. Aliutor magana da harshen da kuma tsunduma a teku kama kifi - kama kifi da farauta domin like. Wadannan a kan al'adu da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa kusa Kerek. Wannan shi ne peculiar ga mutane zaunar da rai.

Na biyu - nomadic chavchyv (reindeer). Harshe da suka Koryak. Live kan Penzhina lebe Taigonos da kewaye.

A halayyar alama da ke bambanta da Koryak, kamar wasu sauran mutanen Siberia ne yaranga. Wannan mobile mazugi-dimbin yawa gidãjensu sanya na dabba fãtun jikinsu.

Muncie

Idan muka magana game da 'yan asalin mutanen Yammacin Siberia, ba a ma maganar da Ural-Yukaghir harshen iyali. A mafi fice wakilan wannan kungiyar ne Mansi.

A kai-sunan mutane - "mendsy" ko "Voguls". "Muncie" a cikin harshen na nufin "mutane."

Wannan kungiyar da aka kafa a sakamakon assimilation kuma Ural Ugric kabilu a Neolithic lokaci. A farko da aka zaunar da dayansu, na biyu - da nomadic makiyayan. Wannan biyuntakar al'adu da kuma aikin gona har yanzu Marinjãyi.

The sosai farko lamba tare da yammacin makwabta sun kasance a cikin goma sha ɗaya karni. A wannan lokaci, Mansi Masana Komi da Novgorod. Bayan shiga Rasha tsananta mulkin mallaka da manufofin. By karshen goma sha bakwai karni, suna tura zuwa yankin arewa maso gabashin, da kuma a cikin goma sha takwas ƙa'ida dauko Kiristanci.

Yau, a cikin wannan al'umma, akwai biyu phratry. A farko da aka kira da Port, ta iyaye ce Bear, da kuma dokoki da tushen ta Urals. A na biyu da aka kira Mos, da kafa - mace Kaltashch, da kuma rinjaye a wannan phratry nasa ne da Hungarians.
A halayyar alama ne cewa kawai gane aure tsakanin giciye-phratries. Wannan hadisin yana da kawai da wasu 'yan asalin mutanen Yammacin Siberia.

Nanai

A zamanin da su da aka sani da Golds da kuma daya daga cikin shahararrun wakilan da mutane - Dersu Uzala.

Bisa ga ƙidaya kawai a kan mutum dubu ashirin da. Suna zaune tare da Amur a Rasha Federation da kuma China. Harshe - Nanai. A kan ƙasa na Rasha amfani da QFontDatabase haruffa, a China - rasa rubutu harshe.

Wadannan mutane na Siberia sun zama sananne ga Khabarov, wanda a cikin goma sha bakwai karni, bincika yankin. Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da kakanninsu zaunar da manoman duchers. Amma mafi yawan su ne karkata zuwa imani da cewa Nanai kawai zo a waɗannan ƙasashe.

A 1860, godiya ga redistribution na iyakoki tare da Amur River, da yawa daga cikin wadannan mutane sun a lokaci daya 'yan kasa na jihohin biyu.

Nenets

Enumerating mutanen of Western Siberia, ba shi yiwuwa ba su zauna a kan Nenets. Wannan kalma, kamar haka da yawa tribal sunayen wadannan yankuna, yana nufin "mutum". Kuna hukunta da All-Russian yawan ƙidaya, daga Taimyr zuwa da Kola Larabawa su gida zuwa fiye da dubu arba'in mutane. Saboda haka, shi dai itace cewa Nenets - mafi girma daga cikin 'yan asalin mutanen Siberia.

Sun kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin. A farko - cikin tundra, inda masu rinjaye na wakilan na biyu - itace (akwai low). A yaruka na wadannan kabilu ne don haka daban-daban cewa daya ba fahimta da sauran.

Kamar dukan al'ummai na Yammacin Siberia, da Nenets ne fasali na biyu Mongoloids da Caucasians. Kuma da kusa da na gabas, da ƙasa da Turai fasali.

Dalili na tattalin arzikin da wannan al'umma shi ne wani reindeer da kuma kananan har kama kifi. Main tasa - corned naman sa, amma kitchen yana cike da albarkatun naman shanu da kuma barewa. Saboda dauke a cikin jini bitamin Nenets scurvy ba ya faru ba, amma irin wannan m wuya hits da tabo baƙi da kuma yawon bude ido.

Chukchi

Idan ka yi tunani game da abin da irin mutane ne suke zaune a Siberia, da kuma kusanci batun ta fuskar Anthropology, za mu ga 'yan hanyoyi na yarjejeniya. Wasu kabilun zo daga Asiya ta tsakiya, da sauran - daga arewacin tsibirin da kuma Alaska. Kawai karamin sashi ne na gida mutane.

Chukchi, luoravetlan ko, kamar yadda suka kira kansu, a cikin bayyanar kama rubuta Itelmens da Eskimos da mutanen da siffofin kamar 'yan ƙasar Amirka. An gwada yi tunani game da su asalin.

Tare da Rasha suka hadu a goma sha bakwai karni, da kuma fiye da dari shekaru kasance wani mummunan yaki. A sakamakon haka, da suka da aka tura a kan Kolyma.

An muhimmanci cinikayya batu ya Anyui sansanin soja sojojin inda ya koma bayan faduwar Anadyr sansanin soja. Fair a cikin wannan kagara da wani yawa na daruruwan dubban rubles.

Aukaka kungiyoyin na Chukchi - chauchu (reindeer) - aka kawo a nan ya sayar da fatun. A kashi na biyu na yawan kira ankalyn (shayarwa), su yawonta a arewacin Chukotka da ya jagoranci wani sauki noma.

Huskies

Endoethnonym wannan mutane - da Inuit, kuma da kalmar "Eskimo" na nufin "wanda ya ci raw kifi." Sai suka kira su da makwabta kabilan - da Indiyawan Dajin Amirka.

Masu bincike gano mutane a wani musamman "Arctic" tseren. Suna sosai saba da suke zaune a yankin da kuma a zaune duk Coast na Arctic Ocean daga Greenland zuwa Chukotka.

Bisa ga ƙidaya a 2002, a Rasha da lambar shi ne kawai game da dubu biyu da mutane. Babban ɓangare na zama a cikin ƙasa na Canada da kuma Alaska.

Inuit addini - animism da ganguna mãsu alfarma relic a kowane iyali.

Ga masoya na m zai zama mai ban sha'awa su koyi game da igunake. Wannan shi ne na musamman tasa da cewa shi ne hadarin gaske musamman ga duk wanda ya ba ci su tun suna yara. A gaskiya, wannan Rotting nama kashe barewa ko dabbar walrus (hatimi), wanda aka gudanar a 'yan watanni matsin lamba daga tsakuwa.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, mun yi nazari wasu daga cikin mutanen Siberia. Ididdigewa ne ga su real name, musamman imani, noma da kuma al'adu.