Franz von Papen: biography, ban sha'awa facts, photos

Daya daga waɗanda rabo ya kullum yi falala a kansu, wani Jamus siyasa kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar Franz von Papen. A lokacin da ya dogon rai ya sau da yawa samu kansa a kan gab da mutuwa, ko a kalla a bakin kofa daga cikin kurkuku. Duk da haka, a duk lokacin da arziki ya yarda ya cece shi daga baƙin ciki, kuma ba da damar zuwa rayuwa ga tsufa, wanda ya fili bai cancanci.

Matasa zuriyar Yan Salibiyya

Ya yi sa'a da za a haifa a cikin iyali na mallaki gidaje, daya daga cikin zuriyar tsoho knightly iyali, wanda kakanninsa sau daya hau kan m tuddai na Palestine. Wannan ya faru a 1879. Kamar yadda ya kamata a mai daraja iyali, yaron da aka bai irin dogon sunan, cewa ba kowa ne zai iya furta shi a wannan numfashi - Frants Yozef Herman Michael Maria von Papen.

Matasa da dukiya, kuma ya shahara da sunan - abin da kuma ake bukata don a m aiki da ya aure ciniki? More tare da yaro fluff a kan kumatunta, ya riga ya wani hafsa na Janar Staff, kuma nan da nan ba su yi shakka shirya kuma su iyali kasuwanci ta auri arziki amarya a Jamus - 'yar kuma tafin kafa gado na manyan magnate, mai na kamfanin Villeroy & Boch, daya daga cikin manyan tukwane masana'antun .

A karshen soja aiki

A farkon yakin duniya na farko, Franz von Papen hadu a Amurka, a matsayin Jamus soja attache. Duk da haka, a wani matsayi, wani matashi jami'in diflomasiyyar sanya wani miscalculation da kaso na leken asirin da subversion, aka fitar daga kasar. Dawo gida, sai ya kasance a cikin sojojin da suka yi jihãdi a Belgium, Alsace, Latoringii da kuma arewa-maso-gabashin Faransa.

A shekarar 1918, Franz von Papen ritaya daga cikin sojojin a matsayin Laftanar Kanar. Kafin cewa zai iya zama a matsayin wakilin na Jamus Janar Staff a Turkish sojojin, wadda kokarin Palestine su yi tsayayya da zuwa na Birtaniya, sojoji. Shiga ya lura da rikodi da kuma dubious tattaunawar tare da Dan Ailan 'yan jam'iyyar Republican, a asirce procured daga Jamus da makamai domin yaki da da rundunar Her girman da Sarauniya.

Tashi harkar siyasa

Zama da wani farar hula, von Papen, kamar yadda befits da mutum daga da'irar, kishin kansa siyasa, hidima a matsayin mataimakin na Prussian Landtag (Zemsky majalisar) daga Katolika Center Party. Da basira maneuvering tsakanin daban-daban na siyasa igiyoyin, a 1932 ya ya iya dauka da post na Firayim Ministan karkashin Hindenburg, amma ya zauna a kan a ofishin kawai watanni biyar - ya kawo kusan cikakkiyar rashin goyon baya a cikin Reichstag.

Ajiye halin da ake ciki, da ya yi kokarin gina kungiyar hadin ta jawo wa gefen sha mai tĩlasta National Socialist Party. Duk da haka, Franz von Papen da Hitler ba zai iya yarda. Hitler mahaukaci ya marmarin daya-mutumin mulki da kuma ba ya so ya raba shi da kowa ba. A sakamakon haka, a farkon Disamba 1932 gwamnatin da aka sallame, da kuma kansa ya dan lokaci daga aiki.

Kuskuren mataimakin Chancellor

Tare da haihuwar von Papen bestowing dũkiya da sanannen sunan, rabo ya ba shi da kuma halayya zama dole ga nasara siyasa: ya kasance mai kaifin, mai kuzari, da kuma, muhimmanci, unprincipled. Tare da wannan shekara, bayan da ya tilasta murabus daga Franz von Papen - Mataimakin Shugaban Uku Reich, halitta da tsohon siyasa abokin gaba na Adolf Hitler.

Duk da haka, irin wannan dizzying Yunƙurin zarar kusan kudin shi da ransa. Dalilin da cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana ya furta von Papen a watan Yuni 1934. A da shi, ya shiga bayyana goyon baya ga harkokin kasuwanci da kuma kudi Elite na kasar, m Nazi ta'addanci da ta gurguzu rhetoric. An sani cewa a wani totalitarian jihar wani ra'ayi, gudanar counter ga manufofin da shugaban an dauki laifin cin amanar kasa da kuma hukunci mai tsanani. A wannan yanayin, nashkodivshego mataimakin Chancellor aka ceto daga wasu mutuwa ta kusa aboki Goering.

Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba na karshe irin wannan ya faru a cikin ransa. Franz von Papen, wanda biography, kuma a nan gaba zai zama cike da m yanayi daga wanda ya ko da yaushe fito unscathed, misali ne na gaskiya biography na minion na arziki.

Jakadan yi nufi ga kashe

Guje wa high fushi domin freethinking, amma halakakku da post shagaltar da, a cikin 1934, von Papen aka nada Jamus Jakadan Austria. Kokarin ta kowane hali to gyãra ga tsohon ruwan inabi, ya bayar da cikakken goyon baya ga dukan gida pro-German kasa kungiyoyi. Amma a maimakon zama mai gõdiya ne sake a kan gab da mutuwa.

Gaskiyar cewa kãmun Austria, suka tafi a tarihi karkashin sunan Anshlyuz, Hitler da ake bukata a plausible uzuri. Kuma abin da zai iya zama mafi dace fiye da bayan kisan? Don wannan karshen, da shirin da aka ɓullo da, bisa ga abin von Papen da nufin rawar da m azabtar. To ya farin ciki, a Janairu 1938, watanni biyu kafin Jamus mamayewa na Austria, 'yan sanda sun kai samame a hedkwatar gida Nazis, da hannuwanta takardun da zubar da haske a kan wannan insidious shirin. Saboda haka, zuriyar Yan Salibiyya sake tsallaka rijiya mutuwa.

A kara misadventures na wani jami'in diflomasiyyar

A gaba da rabo daga cikin auku damar ajiye von Papen daga mutuwa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma wannan ba ya cikin sojojin. Abin farin ciki guje wa da gaban, sai ya ciyar da shekaru biyar, rike da matsayin da Jamus jakadan a cikin Turkey. Duk da haka, da nisa daga mafi kyau rayuwa lanci yawa hatsarori. A wannan lokaci, shi ya sha nanata kokarin "cire" Soviet asirin 'yan sanda da jami'an, wanda wajibi ne su hana Jamus Jakadan lallashe da Baturke gwamnatin su shiga a cikin yaki a Jamus ta gefe. Duk da haka, akwai sa'a ya a gefen von Papen.

Ya canza ba shi ko da bayan ta Uku Reich aka ci su da sojojin na Allied sojojin. Kama gwamnatin soja na Tara US Army, da kuma tsakanin wasu da Nazis wanda ya bayyana a Nuremberg dok, ya aka wanke. Franz von Papen ba kawai kauce masa da gumagumai, wanda ya tafi zuwa ga tsohon abokai, da kuma ko da a kurkuku.

A sakamakon da m rayuwa

Duk da haka, shekaru biyu da ransa ya har yanzu yana da suke ciyarwa a baya sanduna. A shekarar 1947, post-yaki Jamus ya hukumar for de-Nazification - tsarkake Jamus jama'a daga sakamakon da Nazi akidar. Domin von Papen ta kasance kasa kau da fiye da Nuremberg kotun, da kuma yanke masa hukuncin shekaru takwas a kurkuku. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu da suka hayar lauyoyi sun yi aikinsu, kuma shi ne free.

Tuni a cikin shekaru baya Frants Fon Papen, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, sun gaji da siyasa, ya ba da kansa ga rubutu memoirs. Kamar yadda wani marubuci ya yi matukar salon, kuma a cikin lokaci kafin mutuwarsa, wadda bi a 1969, ya buga littattafai da dama. A cikinsu, ya ko da yaushe kokarin tabbatar da manufar Jamus bayan da Hitler ya zo iko.