Kufaifan. Mene ne redoubt lonet, planing matakai da flushes?

A tarihin adawa tsakanin mutane fara tun waɗanda sau, a lokacin da daya daga cikinsu tsince a sanda. Amma a kan lokaci, mun inganta makaman yaƙi, da ƙuduri na wani rikice-rikice a cikin wannan hanya ya zama mai tsada al'amarinsu kuma quite dogon. Bayan duk, bangarorin biyu sun ci gaba kamar yadda wani gwargwado na aiki da tasiri a kan abokan gaba - sanyi karfe da kuma bindigogi, bincike, diversionary ayyuka da kuma m - matsara wajibi, ya karfafa, dabarun wuri da kuma motsi na sojojin da ake zaton ya kare su daga m da kuma samar da cigaba a wata ganawa da makiya.

Me amfani da sansanonin soja zuwa tsaro?

Wannan talifin zai magance matsalar da muhimmancin gajere da dogon lokaci filin kufaifan da su jinsunan: mun yi la'akari da cewa wannan redoubt, lunette, Redan, flushes da ramuka. Bayan duk, su rinjayi a lokacin yaki na attrition na adawa da bangarorin ne babban. Domin ajiye zane lokaci, wanda sai da aka a haɗe, ya ƙunshi tsarin zane da kuma rawar da goyon bayan mafi kowa Tsarin. Daftarin aiki daidai nuna abin da redoubt, da kuma abin da suke da aka gyara (wuriyar ga harbi daga wurare mabambanta daga cikin abubuwa da tabbatarwa daga embankments da kuma gini fences). Daga wadannan maki na tsawo rayuwa ta dogara tsaro raka'a, don haka suka za'ayi conscientiously.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin wucin gadi goyon bayan Tsarin da redoubt

A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai kasa alhakin da kuma karfafa. Dangane da ko da m aka shirya ba, ko tsawo tsaro karkashin Cover of manyan bindigogi da aka located in an bude yanki, shirya filin, da m kufaifan. Domin tsari amfani a lokacin da m ramuka, bunkers da kuma dugouts - su samar da kariya kawai da bindiga wuta. A yanayin da bukatar tashi kare, sa'an nan da survivability sadarwa da kuma kariya daga wuta ya janyo aka gina m Tsarin mai tsaron gida yanayi. Bisa dogaro halitta ƙasa da wuya sassa, da kuma sun kafa wani tsaron gida line.

Nau'in na gyarawa kufaifan. Redoubt da backrest

Don gano abin da redoubt, koma ga tarihin cibiyoyin soja XVI-XIX karni. Wannan kalma gare ta asalin ga Faransa kalmar cewa yana nufin tsari. A bisa ga al'ada a cikin kufaifan redoubt zaci rawar da kare dakaru tsarin, manyan bindigogi wuta na abokan gaba. Its siffar iya zama sabani, amma da kewaye ne ko da yaushe rufe daga raya na makiya damar hane-hane. A yi, ya fi amfani hudu, five-, kyakkyawan kufaifan. Sau da yawa suke located bayan redanov ko flushes - protruding rabo maginin mounds, karfafa tare da daure na twigs, constructions na Adobe, Adobe ko jaka da ƙasa kuma karkata daga tudun lodi game da 60-120 ᵒ. Redoubt yankin kewaye da dama layuka na dutse ko cikin babbar katanga, katako, palisade da moat, wanda za a iya cika da ruwa. A raya na wuraren bayar ga nassi ga sojojin da zai iya yi tsakanin 80 zuwa sojoji 1,000.

Lunette, kamar yadda tsayayya da redoubt da wani daban-daban siffar a cikin shirin: ta gaban da sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu aka juya zuwa ga abokan gaba matsayi, amma da raya ya bude. Wannan zane ne saboda gaskiyar cewa lunette aka ba tsara don tare hare-hare daga bãyansu, da sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu yawanci dogara a kan wani Babbar cibiyar sadarwar ramuka ko na halitta cikas (swamps, da waɗansu kõguna, tabkuna, duwãtsu, kuma ravines, kuma haka a). A hoton da ke ƙasa misalta abin redoubt. Photo da za'ayi tare da bird's-ido view, kamar yadda kewaye yankin wuya ga hanya.

Rinjayar da kufaifan a cikin zamani duniya

Yau, duk wannan terminology alama m da m daga hakikar da na yaki. Amma karatu almarar littattafai game da Great Patriotic War ko tarihi da rubuce-rubucen da sau, da yawa bazata tambayoyi game, da kuma wanda yake da wannan Rajewski abin redoubt kuma da rawar a fagen yaƙi? Abin baƙin ciki, wadannan kalmomi bar fadi da amfani, amma ga wadanda suke da sha'awar a tarihin adawa tsakanin Napoleon da kuma Kutuzov, ba za su iya zama fanko. Lalle ne, a cikin yakin Borodino aka yanke shawarar da rabo daga Rasha - soar ko fada saukar a gaban invaders. Ba a cire cewa idan Rasha sojojin bai san cewa wannan wani redoubt - a 1812 a kasar ba zai zama bisa manufa. Bayan duk, saboda ƙarfin hali na Slavic sojojin da cewa a lokacin da kare Shevardino redoubt don amfani da mafi m matakan, da ya tsira da Fatherland.

A duniya ta yau babu bukatar a gina irin wannan m USAID, saboda godiya ga daban-daban na makamai, rawar da suka taka rage wa sifili. Duk da haka, da duwatsu kusurwoyi na m tunawa da gine kasance ga ƙarshe.