Matsalolin muhalli na Rasha Bayyana. Matsaloli a cikin m amfani da albarkatun da Rasha Bayyana

Don fahimtar matsalolin muhalli na Rasha Bayyana, kana bukatar ka duba a daki-daki, abin da albarkatun da wannan Gwargwadon yanki fiye da shi ne sananne.

Features na Rasha Bayyana

A farko amsar wannan tambaya da inda Rasha a fili. Gabas Turai Bayyana aka located a kan babban yankin Eurasia da kuma na biyu mafi girma cikin sharuddan yankin bayan da Amazon filayen. Na biyu sunan da Gabas Turai Bayyana - Rasha. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wani babba ɓangare na Rasha jihar daukan. Shi ne a kan wannan yankin da aka mayar da hankali mafi yawan jama'a, kuma su ne mafi girma birane.

A tsawon na bayyana daga arewa zuwa kudu ne kusan 2.5 dubu km daga gabas zuwa yamma -. About 3 dubu. Km. Kusan daukacin yankin na Rasha Bayyana yana da wani lebur ƙasa da kadan gangara - ba fiye da 5 digiri. Wannan shi ne saboda yafi ga cewa a fili kusan gama daidai da Gabas Turai dandali. Yana ba ji motsi ta duniya ɓawon burodi da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, babu yankunan da na halitta mamaki (da raurawar asa).

A matsakaicin tsayi da bayyana ne game da 200 mita saman teku matakin. Yana kai da matsakaicin tsawo a kan Bugulma-belebey upland - 479 Rasha da bayyana m za a iya raba uku makada :. Arewa, tsakiya da kuma kudancin. A da karkararta akwai da dama tuddai: Wasu Rasha a fili, Smolensk-Moscow Upland - da filayen kwarinta: Woodland, Oka-Don Bayyana da sauransu.

Albarkatun ma'adinai na Rasha Bayyana

Rasha da bayyana shi ne mai arziki a cikin albarkatu. Akwai kowane irin ma'adanai: tama, ba na ƙarfe ba, combustible. A musamman wuri ne shagaltar da ma'adinai da Karafa, man fetur da kuma iskar gas.

1. Ore

Tama na Kursk Magnetic anomaly. Adibas: Lebedinskoye, Mikhailovskoye Stoilenskoye, Yakovlevskoye. Ore mined adibas na wadannan ne babban baƙin ƙarfe abun ciki - 41,5%.

2. aggregates

• Haƙar. Adibas: Vislovskoe. Da abun ciki na alumina a cikin dutse ya kai 70%.
• Alli, Marktl, lafiya-grained yashi. Adibas: Volsk, Tashlinskoe, Dyatkovo et al.
• Brown kwal. Waha: Donetsk, kusa da Moscow, Pechora.
• Diamonds. Adibas na Arkhangelsk yankin.

3. Combustible

• Man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Man fetur da kuma iskar gas yankunan: Timan-Pechora da Volga-Urals.
• Mai shale. Adibas: Kashpirovskiy, Obschesyrtskoe.

Ma'adanai mined da Rasha bayyana a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, wanda yana da mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli. Yana auku clogging na gona, ruwa da kuma yanayi.

A tasiri na ayyukan mutane a kan yanayin da Gabas Turai Bayyana

Matsalolin muhalli na Rasha Bayyana ne sun fi mayar saboda mutum aiki: raya ma'adinai adibas, da gina birane, hanyoyi, da kuma watsi da manyan kamfanonin, da yin amfani da babbar yawa na ruwa, wanda reserves da ba lokacin da za a bayansa da, baicin more kuma samun datti.

A kasa, mu yi la'akari da duk da matsalolin muhalli na Rasha Bayyana. Tebur ya nuna abin da matsaloli akwai, inda suke located. Da hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya.

A sauyin yanayi na Rasha Bayyana

A sauyin yanayi na gabashin Turai Bayyana ne moderately nahiyar. Continentality qara kamar yadda ka matsawa m. The talakawan zafin jiki a filayen yayin da coldest wata (Janairu) ne -8 digiri a yamma da kuma -12 digiri a gabas. A warmest watan (Yuli) da talakawan zafin jiki a arewa maso yammacin 18 digiri, a kudu-maso-gabas na 21 digiri.

A mafi girma adadin hazo a lokacin dumi lokaci na shekara - game 60-70% na shekara-shekara adadin. A kan tuddai da ruwan sama shi ne mafi girma daga kan filayen kwarinta. Shekara-shekara ruwan sama a yammacin ɓangare na 800 mm a kowace shekara, a kan gabas - 600 mm.

A cikin Rasha a fili da dama na halitta zones: steppe da kuma Semi-hamada, da gandun daji, deciduous gandun daji, gauraye gandun daji, taiga, tundra (a lokacin da motsi daga kudu zuwa arewa).

Forest sararan kasa albarkatun kunshi principally na conifers - Pine da spruce shi. A baya can, gandun daji da aka sare ne rayayye yi amfani da woodworking masana'antu. A halin yanzu, gandun daji ne na wasanni, ruwa tsari da kuma ruwa kiyayewa darajar.

Flora da fauna daga Gabas Turai Bayyana

Saboda kananan climatic bambance-bambance a kan ƙasa da Rasha filayen daya iya tsayar a furta gona da kuma ciyayi karba-karba. Northern sod-podzolic kasa zuwa kudu ba da hanya ga mafi m baki ƙasa, wanda rinjayar da hali na ciyayi.

Flora da fauna sun sha wahala ƙwarai saboda mutum aiki. Bace yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke. Fauna daga cikin mafi girma da lalacewar da aka yi wa Jawo dabbobi, wanda a koyaushe aka coveted abu na farauta. Miyagun mink, muskrat, rekun kare, dabbar beaver. Har abada hallaka manyan ungulates kamar tarpan, kusan dadaddun irin gada da bison.

Don ajiye mutum jinsunan dabbobi da shuka reserves aka halicce: Oka, Galich Mountain, Central Black Duniya su. V. V. Alehina, Forest a ranar Vorskle et al.

Rivers da kuma tekuna na gabashin Turai Bayyana

Ina Rasha a fili, akwai mutane da yawa koguna da tabkuna. Babban koguna da cewa na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki aiki na mutum, su ne Volga, Oka da kuma Don.

Volga - mafi girma a kogin a Turai. An located a kan Volga-Kama gidropromyshlenny hadaddun, wanda ya hada da wani dam da kuma hydroelectric dam. Volga tsawon shi ne 3631 km. A yawa na ta aikin gandu ake amfani a gona don ban ruwa.

Don kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antu da ayyukan. Its tsawon - 1870 km. Musamman muhimmanci ne Volga-Don canal kuma Tsimlyansk tafki.

Bugu da kari ga wadannan manyan koguna a kan tudu faruwa: Hopper, Voronezh, Bityug, Arewa Dvina, Western Dvina, Onega, Kem da sauransu.

Bayan da waɗansu kõguna kasance a cikin Rasha filayen zuwa teku: Baltic, Barents, Black, Caspian.

A Baltic Sea bututun wuce, "Nord Stream". Wannan rinjayar da muhalli halin da ake ciki na hydrological abu. A rage su lambobi a lokacin da bututun iskar gas faruwa gidan ya toshe ruwaye, da yawa jinsunan kifaye.

A cikin Baltic, Barents, Caspian da kuma White Tekuna sanya hakar wasu ma'adanai, wanda bi da bi adversely rinjayar da ruwa. Wasu daga masana'antu sharar gida seeps a cikin teku.

A Barents da kuma Black Tekuna sanya kamawa wasu kifi a kan wani m sikelin: kwasfa, herring, zurfin, haddock, halibut, catfish, anchovies, perch, mackerel da sauransu.

A Caspian Sea sanya kamawa kifi, mafi yawa cikin sturgeon. By teku saboda da m yanayi akwai da yawa mura da kuma yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin. A kan Black Sea ne waterways. Aikawa na man fetur kayayyakin samar daga Rasha mashigai.

Ruwan karkashin kasa Rasha filayen

Bugu da kari surface ruwa, mutumin amfani da boye, saboda m amfani adversely rinjayar gona - kafa drawdown, da dai sauransu a kan tudu akwai uku manyan artesian tasa :. Caspian, Srednerussky Rasha da kuma Gabas. Kuma sunã bautã wa a matsayin tushen samar da ruwa sararin ƙasa.