Kwastan Union - menene wannan? Jihar na Kwastan Union

A kwastam Union da aka kafa da nufin samar da wani guda yankin, da kuma a cikin shi akwai kwastan aikinsu da kuma tattalin arziki hane-hane. Ban ne compensatory, m kuma anti-dumping matakan. Kwastan Union shafi yin amfani da wani na kowa kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito da kuma sauran matakan tsara zuwa tsara cinikayya a dukiya da uku ƙasashe.

definition

Kwastan ƙungiyar - mai jam'iyya da dama mambobin kungiyar, wanda gudanar da hadin gwiwa a fannin al'adu da manufofin. Har ila yau soke kwastan aikinsu da kuma iyakar da ke tsakanin jam'iyyun, da kuma ga sauran kasashen gabatar da wani na kowa kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito.

labarin

A farko wannan alliance fito a karni na sha tara, wanda mahalarta sun Faransa da Monaco.

A farkon karni na ashirin, ya kammala da Kwastan Union - shi ne Switzerland da sarauta daga Liechtenstein. Zaka kuma iya buga a matsayin wani misali na ƙarshe daga cikin karni na ashirin, da Janar Yarjejeniyar a kan tariffs da cinikayya, Tattalin Arzikin Turai Community da aka kafa a shekarar 1957, wanda shafe duk hane-hane a kan cinikayya tsakanin jam'iyyun, da kuma kafa wani na kowa kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito domin cinikayya da na uku kasashe. A Turai Association aka kafa a shekarar 1960 free cinikayya, wadda soke haraji a kwastan da kuma gwada yawa hani daga cinikayya ƙungiya members.

A kasashen da suka halarci a cikin EEC da EFTA kasashen har yanzu suna nan bambance-bambance a kwastan dokoki kuma babu kowa aikinsu a ciniki, a cikin gurguzu kasashen da ba su da Kwastan Union, amma yarjejeniyar shafe hadin gwiwa da juna taimako a kan kwastan da al'amura.

kowa kida, da hanyoyin da kuma siffofin for rajista na dukiya da aka gabatar a matsayin wani nuni da cinikayya adalci. Sa hannu kan yarjejeniya a kan simplification na kwastan yarda. Wadannan yarjejeniyoyi hanzarta da motsi na dukiya, ya karfafa duniya kasuwar da kuma hana duk wani nau'i na take hakki.

A 2010 ne ya halicce guda kwastan jam'iyya, wanda ya hada da Rasha, Kazakhstan da Belarus. Wannan ya shafi halittar guda kwastan ƙasa da kuma bayar da dukkan iko ayyuka.

Wannan shekara, ya shiga kwastam Union of Kyrgyzstan, Rasha, a lokaci guda karfafa matsayinsu.

A tallafi na Kwastan Union

Oktoba 6, 2007 sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin Rasha Federation, Belarus da kuma Kazakhstan a miƙa mulki ga guda kwastan jam'iyya.

Ranar 1 Yuli, 2010 daidai da Kwastan Code zama aiki guda kwastan ƙasa na kasashen uku.

Shafe ta da abin da yake da'awarsu, kuma rajista a kwastan a kan iyakar jihohin uku. Kaya iya matsar ba tare da yarda, abin da gusar da halin kaka. Su matsawa mafi sauki da kuma rage kudin da shipping kaya.

Daga baya a kan ƙasa na kungiyar tarayyar taso Common tattalin arziki Space (CES) da aiki guda kasuwar ga ayyuka, wanda a Bugu da kari ga cinikayya hada da ayyuka da kuma wasu yankunan na aiki.

2015 kwastam Union aka alama ta wani sabon taron. wani memba na kungiyar shigarwa sa wasu canje-canje a geopolitics. Wani sabon tsarin da kungiyar kwastam Union (Kyrgyzstan, Rasha, Kazakhstan da sauransu) zai fadada cinikayya da CU kasashen.

Overview

Kwastan Union - wata kungiya da nufin a inganta tattalin arziki da matakin a Member Amirka. Created kasuwa yana da fiye da 180 mutane miliyan tare da tsabar kudi yawa na $ 900 biliyan.

A ƙarshe na Kwastan Union kaya a yarda su matsa musu kyauta a ko'ina cikin ƙasa da mataki na duniya iko.

Idan fitarwa rubuce gaskiya, da excise haraji a biya ba lallai ba ne, da kuma VAT kudi ne sifili.

A cikin hali na shigo da zuwa Rasha daga Kazakhstan da Belarus, da Rasha, da haraji hukuma Levy excise haraji da kuma VAT. Kwastan Union - shi ne mai sauki da kuma kudin-tasiri nau'i na hulda.

tsarin

Wakilan na kungiyar CU (kwastam Union)

- Rasha da Kazakhstan (tun 01.07.2010).

- Belarus (daga 06.07.2010 shekaru).

- Armenia (daga 10.10.2014 shekaru).

- Kyrgyzstan (daga 08.05.2015 shekaru).

'Yan takarar da membobinsu:

- Tajikistan.

- Syria.

- Tunisia.

Hada hannu da Kwastan Union takarar kasashen dauke a nan gaba. The fadada daga cikin kungiyar ne iya inganta kasuwannin duniya. Login takarar kasashe na Kwastan Union (Tajikistan, Syria, Tunisiya) - shi ne da begen more raya ƙasashe saboda da fadada da matsayi.

gudanarwa

M Hukumar Mulki - da majalisar kasa da kasa shuwagabannin gwamnatin. Har ila yau, bisa ga yarjejeniyar da ta kafa Hukumar ta kwastam Union, wanda yake shi ne m jiki na tsari.

Cibiyoyin na mafi girma hukumomi a 2009 gudanar da wani m matakan taimaka kafaffen contractual da kuma shari'a Dalili na Kwastan Union.

By shawarar da shugabannin na kasashe mambobin kungiyar tarayyar da aka kafa hukumar tattalin arzikin a matsayin na dindindin supranational dokokin jiki da iko, wanda yake ƙarƙashin Koli Eurasian tattalin arziki Council.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni

Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin kwastam Union for tattalin arziki abokai a kwatanta da yancin cinikayya zone ne:

• A cikin ƙasa na Kwastan Union muhimmanci rage kudin da ya halitta, aiki da kuma motsi na dukiya.
• lokacin da kudin kudi, tashi saboda administrative shingen, muhimmanci rage.
• Yawan kwastan hanyoyin da ake bukata domin nassi na shigo da kaya daga uku kasashen rage.
• Ya zama available, sabon kasuwanni ga dukiya.
• Daidaituwa na kwastan dokokin haddasa ta simplification.

A kwastam Union da kuma WTO

A kan aiwatar da halittar kwastam Union da aka bayyana da yawa damuwa game da musu abin hawa dokokin da WTO dokoki.

A shekarar 2011, kungiyar ta taƙaice duk da rates to full yarda da ka'idojin da suka shafi na kungiyar WTO. Idan jihar na Kwastan Union za ya shiga cikin kungiyar WTO, za a prioritized WTO dokoki.

A shekarar 2012, Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO, wanda ya haifar da sabuntawa da Common Kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito na Kwastan Tarayyar kasashen daidai da WTO da bukatun. A matakin na da kashi 90% na shigo da aikinsu ya kasance guda.

ciki rikice-rikice

A watan Nuwamba, 2014 da shigo da nama daga Belarus zuwa Rasha da aka dakatar. The girma ya game 400,000 tons. Duk da haka, da Rasha gefe ya dauka matakai don ƙara ja iko da dukiya da cewa ƙetare kan iyaka na Belarus, wanda shi ne saba wa Saukake sharudda game da karusa na kaya, da ke aiki a cikin ƙasa na Kwastan Union.

Masu lura da al'amurra lura mai kyau mix na sunadaran na Kwastan Union da kuma sake-fitarwa inji a Rasha dakatar Turai kaya. Alal misali, kifi shigo daga Belarus, wanda yana da wani kanti a cikin tẽku, ya karu da cent 98 a Rasha.

Belarushiyanci shugaban AG Lukashenka ya outraged da hane-hane na Rasha gefen kuma zargi Rasha da keta dokoki na Kwastan Union da kuma rashin dokar kasa da kasa.

A cewar masu sa ido, da alãmarsu, da dokoki da ma'ana, bisa ga abin a game da hani da Rasha kan cinikayya da sufuri da na dukiya da Belarushiyanci gefe na da hakkin ba a cika tare da sharuddan da kwangila.

A 2015 Belarus koma zuwa Rasha kan iyaka iyakar iko, ta haka ne qetare sharuddan da EAEC yarjejeniyar. An kuma sanar da m ƙi da ruble a matsayin kudin tabbatacciya, da sama na biya a dalar Amurka. Rasha masana yi imani da cewa a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki, hadewar yankin da dama a karkashin harin.

zargi

A 2010, wani yunkurin da dakarun 'yan adawa domin shirya zaben raba gardama domin denunciation na yarjejeniya da aka yi. Kazakhstan sanya wani da'awar da ƙeta na sarki hakkin.

An kuma sanya m comments na Kwastan Union a kan wadannan abubuwa:

• M-tsare sharuddan na cinikayya da takardar shaida na dukiya.
• WTO yanayi da aka hõre ta a Rasha a Kazakhstan da Belarus, wanda suke mambobi na sama kungiyoyi masu ba.
• Kudaden shiga da kuma receipts wai riƙa rarraba a tsakanin halartar ƙasashe.
• A kwastam Union ne marasa amfani baki ɗaya a matsayin aikin halin yanzu da kuma m mahalarta.

A halin yanzu, nazarin ya nuna cewa da dama daga akida dalilai da Kwastan Union a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na amfani ga ta mahalarta.

An kuma nuna cewa kwastam Union ne mai fatalwa, shi ne ba mai yiwuwa a matsayin wucin gadi siyasa mahaluži.

Ra'ayin da a cikin al'umma

A shekarar 2012, Cibiyar Hadewa Research ra'ayi zabe da aka gudanar a Eurasian Development Bank. A binciken da hannu cikin CIS da kuma Georgia. The tambaya aka tambaye shi: "Yaya ka ji game da gaskiyar cewa tattalin arzikin da Belarus, Kazakhstan da Rasha sun ha?". wadannan amsoshin da aka samu, shigowa da ake ji wa mambobi a cikin kungiyar tarayyar kwastan:

- Tajikistan: "m" 76%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 17% "korau" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "m" 80%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 10% "korau" 5%.

- Rasha: "m" 72%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 17% "korau" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "m" 67%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 14% "korau" 2%.

- Kyrgystan: "m" 67%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 15% "korau" 8%.

- Moldova "lallai" 65%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 20% "korau" 7%.

- Armenia: "m" 61%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 26% "korau" 6%.

- Belarus: "m" 60%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 28% "korau" 6%.

- Ukraine: "m" 57%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 31% "korau" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "m" 38%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 46% "korau" 11%.

- Georgia: "m" 30%, "sha'aninsu dabam" 39% "korau" 6%.

gwani, ra'ayin da aka

A cewar Sakataren kwastam Union Commission Sergeya Glazeva, CU ne m biyu cikin sharuddan geopolitics, da kuma cikin sharuddan tattalin arziki. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin nasara da bayar da dama undeniable amfani ga Amurka Parties.

Bisa ga FTF Rasha shugaban Andrei Belyaninov a wani taro a 2009, da Kwastan Union a farkon ta aiki zai haifar da matsaloli ga harkokin kasuwanci da kuma al'adu hukumomi, amma shi ne kome fiye da a miƙa mulki zamani.

Shugaban Belarus Alexander Lukashenko ya bada wani definition na Kwastan Union a matsayin m mataki don tabbatar da cewa halittar guda tattalin arziki sarari, wanda zai zama da ta dace nau'i na tattalin arziki a tsakanin halartar ƙasashe.