"Laifuka da azãba": reviews. "Laifuka da azãba" by Fodora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo: a takaice na leoyan

Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halittawa ba kawai na Rasha adabi, amma kuma duniya, kowa da mutãne gabã ɗaya. A litattafan da babban marubuci zuwa wannan rana aka fassara da kuma buga a ƙara harsuna. Dostoevsky ta aikin imbued tare da tausayi da kuma kauna mara iyaka ga kowa mutane. Musamman iyawa don nuna mafi zurfi halaye na mutum rai, wanda kowane haka a hankali boyewa daga ko'ina cikin duniya - wancan ne abin da janyo hankalin mutane zuwa ga ayyukan babban marubuci.

Fyodor Dostoevsky: "Laifuka da azãba" - a shekara rubuce-rubuce da kuma karatu sake dubawa

Zai yiwu mafi rigima na Dostoevsky ta labari - yana da "Laifuka da azãba". Rubuta a 1866, shi ya sa wani kafu daram a wani nagari masu sauraro na karatu. Kamar yadda a kullum, ra'ayoyin da aka raba. Wasu, surface leafed ta farko 'yan pages, suka ji haushi: "doke topic!" Waɗanda suka yi don karanta wani abu, kawai don jaddada su matsayi da kuma taƙama da sosai al'amari na karatu da kuma ba da fahimtar marubucin tunani, da gaske hakuri da gaskiya kisan kai. Duk da haka wasu jefa labari, kuma suka ce: "Abin da baƙin ciki - wannan littafi!"

Wadannan sun fi na kowa martani. "Laifuka da azãba", da samfurin ne don haka m, a cikin wallafe-wallafen duniya, shi ba nan da nan sami saboda fitarwa. Duk da haka, shi ya fundamentally canza hanyar da dukan rayuwar al'umma karni na sha tara. Yanzu a kan wadanda mutane receptions da fashion marece wajibi ya da wani topic na hira. Don cika m shirun zai iya zama wani tattaunawa na Raskolnikov. Wadanda suke da masĩfa ba kai tsaye karanta samfurin da sauri zuwa cim.

A ƙarya ra'ayin labari "Laifuka da azãba"

Na gane abin da ya kai ga mai karatu na Dostoevsky ta labari, yayin da 'yan iya. Mai gani ne kawai da tip na dutsen kankara: Student kashe, da dalibi ya mahaukaci ba ne. Version na hauka, da goyan bayan da yawa masu sukar. A wannan halin da ake ciki, sun kawai gani da m ra'ayin da rayuwa da mutuwa da protagonist. Duk da haka, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne: kana bukatar ka dubi zurfi a cikin zuciya, don su iya kama da dabara alamu a gaskiya Jihar harkokin.

The matsaloli tashe da F. M. Dostoevskim

Babban batun tashe by marubucin, yana da wuya a bambanta daga sauran - ma multifaceted buga "Laifuka da azãba". A littafin yana dauke da matsaloli na dabi'a, ko kuma wajen, rashin shi. matsalolin zamantakewa da cewa ba ta tashi zuwa rashin daidaito tsakanin m da farko duba mutane. Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga da jigo na shirin bai dace manyan al'amurra: da marubuci ya nuna abin da ya faru da wata al'umma damu da wani kudi.

Sabanin ga sanannen imani, protagonist na Dostoevsky ta labari "Laifuka da azãba" ba ya wakiltar matasa ƙarni na cewa lokaci. Mutane da yawa sukar sun fassara wannan hali da rashin jituwa, yankan shawara cewa Raskolnikov marubucin ya bayyana ƙabĩlanci rare a cikin karni na sha tara marigayi, da kogin - nihilism. Duk da haka, wannan ka'idar ne fundamentally ba daidai ba: matalauta dalibi a Dostoevsky nuna ne kawai a azabtar da yanayi, da mutumin wanda ya m karkashin matsin da zamantakewa mũnãnan ayyuka.

Takaitacciyar labari "Laifuka da azãba"

Abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana dauki wuri a cikin 60 na. Karni na 19th, a wani ciki Petersburg. Rodion Raskolnikov, wani matalauci saurayi, wani tsohon dalibi, tilasta rayuwa a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi da wani Apartment gini. Gaji da talauci, shi ne ya aiko da haihuwa mace kudi-mai ba da bashi, don sa karshe darajar. Saba da mashayi Marmeladov, kuma uwarsa ta wasika, abin da ya bayyana su da 'yarsa wuya rayuwa, impel Rodion mai tsanani ra'ayin - wata tsõhuwa ta kisan kai. Ya yi imanin cewa kudi ya iya dauka daga mai ba da bashi da zai iya yin rayuwa sauki ga shi, idan ba, sa'an nan a kalla iyalinsa.

A ra'ayin na tashin hankali ne saba wa dalibi, amma ya yanke shawarar aikata wani laifi. Don fahimta kansa ka'idar Raskolnikov taimako quotes daga "Laifuka da azãba," Dostoevsky ". A wata guda rayuwa - dubban rayuka da ceto daga lalata da kuma bazuwar Daya mutuwa da ɗari rayukansu a musayar - me ya sa, sa'an nan ilmin lissafi!" "Ba cewa mai girma, - da dalibi - amma kuma a bit da wani Rut ta mutane da yanayi da ya zama laifi - fiye ko žasa, ba shakka." Irin wannan tunani Rodion karfafa su gwada kansu, su yi mu tsare-tsaren. Ya kashe wata tsõhuwa tare da gatari, ya tafi wani abu mai muhimmanci da kuma vuya daga scene.

A kan tushen da karfi tunkaro Raskolnikov ya ci nasara da cutar. Sauran labarin ya ke Distrustful kuma rabu daga mutane fiye da m. Rodion saba da Sonya Marmeladov, - wata karuwa wanda aka tilasta yin aiki ga talauci-soke iyalan - kaiwa zuwa fitarwa. Amma, akasin tsammanin, da kisa, da mai zurfi mumini Sonia hakuri da shi da kuma tabbatar mana cewa wahala za su ƙare, a lokacin da ya bada up da za a azabtar.

A sakamakon haka, Raskolnikov, ko kai masu adalci, furta da aikata laifuka. Wadannan da shi zuwa kurkuku ya umurcemu da kuma Sonia. A shekara ta farko da Rodion sanyi don ta - ya ma rabu, taciturn, m. Amma a kan lokaci, kõmawar gaskiya ta zo da shi, kuma a cikin rai fara fito fili wani sabon ji - kaunar mai duqufar da budurwa.

Babban haruffa da labari

Zama unambiguous ra'ayi game da wani hali ne da ba zai yiwu - da kowa da kowa a nan shi ne don haka real, yadda real karatu. Ko a kan wani karamin rubutu ne sauki fahimta cewa wannan shi ne Fyodor Dostoevsky - "Laifuka da azãba." Babban haruffa na gaba daya musamman, da haruffa dauki dogon da m analysis - kuma akwai ãyõyi na m da labarun almara.

Rodion Raskolnikov

Raskolnikov kansa har yanzu fatalwa ta gauraye reviews. "Laifuka da azãba" - halittar wani sosai Multi-faceted, uku-girma, kuma nan da nan fahimta ko da irin wannan zaman yau da kullum a matsayin yanayi da hali, yana da wuya. A farkon kashi na farko ya bayyana bayyanar Rodion: tsayi, siririn saurayi da duhu launin ruwan kasa gashi kuma duhu ma'ana idanu. Hero shakka kyau - da mafi sharply shi ya saba da tashin hankali da talauci cewa duniya tana cike da launin toka Petersburg.

Rodion hali ne sosai shubuha. Kamar yadda abubuwan suke faruwa, da karatu Yakan koyi da more kuma mafi al'amurran rayuwa, gwarzo. Da yawa daga baya, da kisan kai ne cewa Raskolnikov kamar yadda babu wanda kuma shi ne m na tausayi a lokacin da ya samu da saba mashayi Marmeladov, murƙushe kocin, ya duka kudi ga iyalinsa domin jana'izar. Wannan bambanci tsakanin halin kirki da kuma kisan kai ne a cikin karatu shakka: shi ne m cewa wani mutum a matsayin shi na farko alama?

Kimantawa Rodion ayyuka daga wani Kirista ra'ayi, marubucin ya ce: Raskolnikov ne mãsu laifi. Duk da haka, da babban laifi - ba a kashe kansa, ba abin da ya keta dokar. Mummunan abu shi ne, Rodion - abin da yake ka'idarsa: da rabo daga mutane cikin waɗanda suka "da dama" da wanda ya gan "a loathsome halitta." "All ne daidai - ya ce Dostoevsky - da kuma duk da wannan dama don rayuwa."

Sonechka Marmeladova

Babu kasa da hankali cancanci Sonia Marmeladov. Ga yadda shi ya bayyana Dostoevsky: a takaice, na bakin ciki, amma quite kyawawan m shekara goma sha takwas da kyau blue idanu. Kishiyar Raskolnikov: ba kyau sosai, inconspicuous, m kuma suna fadin, Sonia, kamar yadda ya kira marubucin, kuma karya doka. Amma ko da a nan babu kama da Rodion: shi ya ba wani laifi.

Wannan paradox an sauƙi bayyana: Sonia ba raba mutane a cikin mai kyau da kuma mummuna. ta gaske ƙaunar da kowa da kowa. Panel aikin sanya shi yiwuwa a ta iyali su tsira a cikin m yanayi na talauci, da kuma yarinya kanta, kuma ya manta game da nasu jindadin, sadaukar da rayuwarta ga sabis na iyalinsa. Hadaya yayi kafara don gaskiyar da laifi - da kuma Sonia zauna m.

M sake dubawa: "Laifuka da azãba"

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, domin tantance gaskiya yaro na Dostoevsky ya ba duk. Mutane suka yi nisa daga cikin art na kalmar, a cikin samuwar ra'ayi dogara more on martani daga m sukar. wadanda, bi da bi, da aka gani a aikin na kowane abu daban-daban. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa, figuring a gabar romance, yin kuskure - kuma su kuskure ya jagoranci wani ƙarya ra'ayi.

Saboda haka, misali, A. Suvorin - quite wani m mutum wanda yake tare da bincike na "Laifuka da azãba" sanya shahara a buga edition na "Rasha Gazette", ya ce: jigon da samfurin bi da "m Trend dukan wallafe-wallafen aiki" Fedora Dostoevskogo. Rodion, bisa ga sukar, kullum ba ya farin wasu shugabanci ko hanyar tunani, assimilated da yawa, amma kawai wani sosai rashin lafiya mutum. Ya ko mai suna Raskolnikov juyayi, kooky irin.

Irin wannan categorical samu ta magoya bayan: P. Strakhov, wani mutum kusa da Dostoevsky, ya ce: na farko ƙarfi daga wani marubuci ba wani category mutane, da kuma "a matsayin da image, da ikon warai fahimci mutum ƙungiyoyi da kuma upheavals na mutum rai." Kamar Suvorin, P. Strakhov bai kula da ban tausayi rabo daga cikin haruffa, da kuma dauke aiki a matsayin babban fahimtar halin kirki da batattun.

Dostoevsky - wani mai neman na hakika?

Mai daidai gani a Dostoyevsky da marubuci-mai neman na hakika iya DI Pisarev, rubuta game da wannan m feedback. "Laifuka da azãba" da aka sosai tattauna a cikin labarin "The gwagwarmayar rayuwa": a cikin ta zargi tada tambaya da halin kirki ci gaban da jama'a cewa kewaye da laifi. A matukar muhimmanci game da labari da aka tsara ta wannan marubucin: cewa rabo daga 'yanci, abin da yake a cikin mallaki Raskolnikov, ya quite negligible. A gaskiya Sanadin laifi Pisarev gani da talauci, da musu na Rasha rayuwa, da halin kirki da faduwar Raskolnikov kewaye mutane.

A gaskiya darajar soyayya

"Laifuka da azãba" - wani littafi na real Rasha rayuwa. A halayyar alama na ma'adanin na Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo ne da ikon izuwa son ba kawai "lallai kyau" mutane, amma kuma auku, karya, mai laifi. Cewa sabubban bil'adama nuna a cikin sanannen labari "Laifuka da azãba". Da abun ciki na surori, sakin layi, Lines, ya hada da marubucin m hawaye ya zubar a kan al'adar Rasha mutane, da rabo daga Rasha kanta. Ya cike take kira a kan karatu da tausayi, saboda ba tare da shi wannan datti, m duniya, rayuwa - kazalika da mutuwa - ba, ba, da kuma ba za su zama.