Lalata-resistant karfe. Karfe maki: Gost. Bakin Karfe - farashin

A shekara saboda corrosion rasa mai yawa karfe. Duk da haka, ma fi girma lalacewar da aka yi wa gazawar na karfe kayayyakin a sakamakon lalata hari. Halin kaka da ake bukata domin maye sassa ko gyara kayan aiki, mota, teku, da kuma kogin tasoshi, da kayan amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu, da yawa fiye da sau da kudin da kayan da ya je ga samar.

Akwai kuma gagarumin tsaye ba hasarori. Don wadanda sun hada da, misali, yayyo na gas ko man daga bututun corroded, abinci spoilage, halakar da ginin Tsarin da more. Saboda haka, kula da daga karfe lalata yana da muhimmancin gaske.

Me ne halakar da ƙarfe da kayan?

Kafin juya zuwa ga tambaya na abin da a lalata-resistant karfe, bari magance manufar lalata da jigon da tsari.

Fassara daga Latin corroder - lalatattu. Rage maras wata-wata rarrabuwa da karafa da kuma su gami, abin da ya auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sinadaran yanayi, da ake kira lalata. Dalilin wannan gazawar da sinadaran dauki (redox dauki) na ƙarfe abu da gaseous ko ruwa matsakaici a cikin abin da suke located.

Mene ne lalata-resistant steels da kuma gami?

Bakin da zafi kãfira karfe ko gami nufi don amfani a lalatattu mahalli a high ko al'ada yanayin zafi. Saboda haka, babban ake bukata shi ne cewa kayan na wannan kungiyar - da zafi juriya (juriya ga gaseous matsakaici ko high zazzabi tururi) ko lalata juriya (da ciwon da ikon yadda ya kamata tsayayya da lalatattu dalilai a talakawa zazzabi).

Lalata juriya halayyar hardware, wanda aka kafa a kan surface passivation film m, a wani lalatattu yanayi, wanda ya hana shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin zurfi yadudduka na karfe, kuma ya mayar da martani da su m abubuwa.

A wasu kalmomin, lalata-resistant karfe - a karfe da ciwon jure intergranular sinadaran, electrochemical da sauran lalata.

sinadaran da abun da ke ciki

Metal Properties aka ƙaddara da ta sinadaran abun da ke ciki. Lokacin da abun ciki na 12-13% chromium karfe zama bakin, cewa shi ne barga a cikin yanayi da kuma sinadaran yanayin. Kara chromium abun ciki zuwa 28-30% sa shi barga a lalatattu yanayin.

Sauran abubuwa amfani ga doping hada da manganese, aluminum, titanium, nickel. Mafi yadu amfani gami, abun da ke ciki na wanda da talakawan nickel abun ciki na 10% chromium - 18%, carbon - ko tsakanin 0,08 da kuma 0,12% titanium - 1% (12X18H10T - lalata-resistant karfe, Gost 5632).

Rarrabuwa da irin microstructure: austenitic bakin karfe

wannan aji juriya lalatattu mataki ne karu da alloying abubuwa nickel (daga 5 zuwa 15%) kuma chromium (15 zuwa 20%). Austenitic gami m zuwa intercrystalline lalata, bayar da cewa carbon abun ciki a cikin su zai zama karami fiye da iyaka ta solubility a austenite (0.02-0.03% da kasa). Nonmagnetic, da fallasa su waldi, sanyi da kuma zafi nakasawa. Da kyau kwarai processability. Shi ne mafi kyau ga yi na karfe abubuwa fasteners, welded Tsarin da aikace-aikace a daban-daban da masana'antu.

martensitic maki

Bakin steels suna kunshe a cikin martensitic aji iya zama Magnetic da kuma samun mafi girma - kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da austenitic - Manuniya na matsakaicin taurin. Hardening aka samu da quenching da tempering. To dace domin samar da kayayyakin da akayi nufi don amfani a muhallai na matsakaici da kuma raunana tsanani (misali, a yawan kayayyakin da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, ko Manufacturing reza ruwan wukake na'urorin).

ferritic maki

A high lalata juriya Properties na wadannan maki ne kama da low-carbon karfe. A talakawan chromium ciki ne 11-17%. Amfani a samar da iyali kayan, abubuwa na gine-gine da kayan ado, kitchen kayayyakinsa.

Austenitic-ferritic aji

Lalata-resistant bakin karfe da wannan aji suna bambanta rage nickel abun ciki da kuma chromium ciki high rate (21 to 28%). Kamar yadda ƙarin alloying abubuwa protrude niobium, titanium, da kuma tagulla. Bayan da zafi magani da rabo daga ferrite da austenite - game da daya zuwa daya.

A kan ƙarfi daga austenitic-ferritic steels, austenitic wuce sau biyu. Kamar haka suka kasance ductile, da jure buga lodi da low matakin na danniya-lalata fatattaka da kuma high jure intergranular lalata. Nagari don amfani a yi, masana'antu, Manufacturing kayayyakin da ya zo a cikin lamba tare da seawater.

Austenitic, martensitic maki

A chromium abun ciki na 12 zuwa 18% nickel, - daga 3.7 zuwa 7.5%. Ƙarin abubuwa - chromium kuma aluminum. Hardening da quenching (t> 975 ° C) da kuma m tempering (t = 450-500 ° C). Austenitic-martensitic bakin karfe welded da kyau da kuma samun babban inji Properties.

Bakin karfe: Farashin (cikin abubuwan da ya shafi samuwar)

A abun da ke ciki na lalata resistant karafa ne tsada alloying abubuwa kamar chromium, nickel, titanium, molybdenum. Da darajar ne hukunci a kafa wani price. Tun da sauran brands (carbon, tsarin, ball qazanta, kayan aiki, da dai sauransu .. D.) sun dauki da abubuwa da aka jera a cikin da yawa karami yawa, idan aka kwatanta da su kudin lalata resistant steels ko da yaushe mafi girma. Duk da haka, farashin za su iya bambanta dangane da kasuwar yanayi da kuma kudin da ake bukata domin samar da bakin karfe.

inji Properties

Brand bakin steels dole inji Properties cewa hadu kafa matsayin for masana'antu. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Matsakaicin taurin Brinell (HB).
• elongation (%).
• samar da karfin (H / mm ^2);
• Hawaye Resistance (H / mm ^2).

Bayan samar da kowane tsari (narkewa) kayayyaki kayayyakin da aka bari a kan inji Properties kuma microstructure na karfe sa Gost. Sakamako na dakin gwaje-gwaje jarrabawa na samfurori kayyade a cikin takardar shaidar a kan masana'antu.

Tsarin rubutu karfe maki

sararin tsari na gami da steels suna samuwa a cikin kasashe daban-daban. A lokaci guda akwai har yanzu babu kasa da kasa da tsarin alama.

A Amurka, shi aiki da dama tsarin rubutu tsarin. Wannan halin da ake ciki saboda da manyan yawan matsayin kungiyoyin (AJS, ANSI, ACJ, Sae, AWS, ASTM, ASME), Yãna halitta wasu matsaloli ga abokan, da kayayyaki da kuma abokan ciniki na karfe kayayyakin da Amurka masana'antun daga wasu ƙasashe.

A Japan karfe alama da haruffa da lambobi nuna su band (low-gami, high-gami, manufa ta musamman gami, srednelegirovannye, high quality, high quality, kuma al.), The jerin lamba a cikinta, kuma da kaddarorin na karfe.

A cikin kasashen na kungiyar tarayyar Turai nadi shirya misali EN 27 100, wanda kayyade domin a cikin abin da sanya sunan da lambar serial.

The Russian Federation ya ɓullo da wani alphanumeric tsarin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, bisa ga abin da sanya steels. Standard umurci saka kowane alloying kashi, kashi na karfe Rasha babban birnin kasar wasika.

Domin manganese ne H, Si - C, chromium - X, Ni - H, molybdenum - M tungsten - B vanadium - F, titanium - T, aluminum - Yu, niobium - B, Co - K, zirconium - C, boron - R.

The lambobin wadannan harafin nuna abun ciki na alloying abubuwa a matsayin mai yawan. Idan karfe abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi kasa da 1% na alloying kashi, da lambar da aka ba jẽfa, a wani abun ciki na 1 zuwa 2% bayan da wasika Ku 1. Said alama da farko lambar lamba zama dole to designate da talakawan carbon abun ciki a cikin hundredths na wani kashi a cikin sa abun da ke ciki.

Cikin kewayon kayayyakin kerarre daga bakin karfe

Lalata-resistant karfe da aka yi amfani da don samar da wadannan kayayyakin:

• bi da thermally etched da kuma goge zanen gado;
• netravlenyh thermally bi da zanen gado;
• kuma thermally untreated netravlenyh zanen gado;
• heat-, cold- da zafi-birgima sumul bututu .
• zafi-birgima karfe tube janar manufar;
• calibrated hexagons.
• Circles na bakin karfe.
• bakin waya (zafi-bi da kuma sanyi-kõma).
• simintin gyaran kafa tare da musamman Properties.
• forgings.
• wasu nau'in, wanda raya jihar matsayin da fasaha shiriya (TU).

fanni na aikace-aikace

Kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi kyau ƙarfi samfurori, ilmi, juriya ga hallakaswa ikon lalata da kuma high yanayin zafi, da suitability domin sake amfani da karko na aiki, na sadu da duk tsafta bukatun kyau kwarai quality surface jiyya, lalata-resistant karfe da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a kusan dukkan bangarori na iyali da kuma tattalin arziki aiki.

Bakin karfe ne a high bukatar a petrochemical, sunadarai, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, gini masana'antu, ikon masana'antu, Shipbuilding da kai injiniya, kayan shawara da kuma yankunan da kare muhalli.

Dace da kuma karko na kayayyakin sanya daga bakin karfe, aka ƙaddara yi wannan aji da iri, fahimtar physicochemical dũkiyarsu da kuma tsarin da microstructure. Amfani da karafa da suke resistant zuwa tareda žata effects na lalata, a tsananin daidai da dũkiyõyinsu, da za mu iya yi amfani da duk undeniable abũbuwan amfãni da fasaha ta zamani.