Leonid Kravchuk: biography, photos da kuma ban sha'awa facts na rayuwa

Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (haife Janairu 10, 1934) ne a Ukrainian siyasa da shugaban kasar na farko na Ukraine, wanda ya kasance a cikin ikon tun Disamba 5, 1991 har ya yi murabus Yuli 19, 1994 ya kasance kuma shugaban na Verkhovna Rada da mutane mataimakin na Ukraine, zabe ta Social -demokraticheskoy ƙungiya daga Ukraine (sõyayya).

A rabo daga Yammacin Ukraine - Leonid Kravchuk mahaifarsa - a tsakiyar karni na karshe

Inda ya fara aiki, Leonid Kravchuk? Biography ta fara kauyen Manyan Zhitin a Rivne yankin cikin wani baƙauye iyali. Sa'an nan da aka Yaren mutanen Poland asashe. A na gaba shekaru goma a cikin 'yan qasar ƙasashe Leni uku sanyi ikon ya canza. Da farko, a watan Satumba 1939 a sakamakon 'yantar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Red Army a yammacin Ukraine, shi aka annexed ga Ukrainian SSR. Sa'an nan, a watan Yuli 1941 a ƙasar har shekara uku kama Nazi Jamus. A karshe, a cikin kaka 1944, a nan ya koma Soviet iko. Amma shi sarrafa kawai a lokacin da rana kuma da dare Yammacin Ukrainian kauyuka kasance a karkashin Nationalist gwamnati. Kuma wannan ya tafi a kan shekaru da dama.

Tunanin yadda duk wadannan matsaloli da aka nuna a cikin hali na gida mutane, musamman a cikin ƙaramin tsara? Don tsira a irin wannan yanayi, za mu yi koyi ga boye su tunani, to zaton abu daya, kuma ka ce wani, amince babu daya, kome ya yi imani. Kuma haka shi kafa wani tsaran post-yaki Yammacin Ukrainian matasa, to wanda ya kasance, da kuma Leonid Kravchuk.

yara

Events na yaki sharply shafi makomar mu gwarzo na iyali, kuma da kansa. Uba Lenny Makar Kravchuk, tsohon kõfatansu a kan duwatsu sojan doki jami'in na Yaren mutanen Poland Army da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland laborer a cikin mulkin mallaka, aka girke a cikin Red Army a shekarar 1944 da kuma, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a yi wasu yãƙi a cikin wannan shekara, ya aza kansa a Belarus.

Uwar zo da baya aure, kuma tare da ya uban rana ya iya girma Leonid. Suka zauna a talauci, ya Leonid Kravchuk tuna cewa m tafiya har ta farko snow. Duk da haka, rashi ne kawai zafin da yanayi na nan gaba shugaban kasa.

shekaru nazari

Bayan makarantar sakandare, Leonid Kravchuk, mayar da su cikin gari da ke zuwa Rivne m College. A cewar shi, tare da 'yan'uwanmu dalibai, ya takalman daki ba tare da wani more rayuwa. Sa'an nan a shekarar 1953, bayan kammala karatu daga kwalejin tare da karrama, da yake da hakkin ya shiga ba tare da jarrabawa a Kiev Jami'ar Jihar a Faculty of tattalin arziki.

Nazarin akwai ba sauki, da malanta ya 24 rubles (ko kuma abincin rana a cikin dalibi cafeteria kudin 50 aninai!). Domin tsira, a dare da dalibai suka tafi sauke motoci tare da daskararre kifi a kifi aiki shuka dake kusa. A nan gaba shugaban kasa, Leonid Kravchuk, ya rayu a wani ɗakin barci dakin mutane 12, amma gudanar ya koya daga "m" da kuma sami wani ƙara stipend - 30 rubles riga.

Kawai a rayuwa taron

A jami'a Leonid hadu nan gaba matarsa. Beautiful siriri sumchanka Tonya tinsel nan da nan polonium zuciyarsa. Suna da yawa da na kowa, duka biyu girma ba tare da kakanninsa, ya sauke karatu daga kwalejin tare da karrama da kuma shiga cikin jami'a ba tare da jarrabawa. Tonya reciprocated Leonid, daga farko Hakika fara kula da shi, a cikin kitchen na dalibi aka dafa for biyu, da kuma Leonid kokarin samun wani perk, duk inda zai yiwu, to cika har su kasafin kudin.

A kasar ta fara manyan canje-canje, da kuma sun kãma a wani rafi na Kiev dalibai. Lokacin da ya fara cin gaban budurwa asashe, da Leonid kuma Tonya bayan da uku hanya ya tafi Kostanai Oblast na Kazakhstan, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin tarakta direba, jawabin da dare a cikin wani sanyi alfarwa har sai da marigayi kaka. Ga Leonid sanyi, don haka da wuya cewa ya rasa sani, kuma kusan ya mutu. Tonya tsĩrar da shi, wanda ya sami mota, kuma ya ɗauki fi so a asibiti, inda ya gano. Bayan ya dawo daga budurwa ƙasar Leonid kuma Tonya sun yi aure. Aure su kara zuwa yanzu lokaci.

farko aiki

A shekarar 1958, Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich sauke karatu daga KSU da aka rarraba a Chernivtsi, inda ya karanta siyasa da tattalin arziki da kudi kwaleji.

Poor rai yanayi da kuma ake biyã da Leonid kamar yadda bad luck. Mun sanya shi a cikin mata dakunan kwanan dalibai, dama a cikin "ja kusurwa". Ga wadanda suke da matasa da kuma ba su san abin da shi ne, bayyana. Saboda haka, a Soviet cibiyoyin kira na musamman (wadanda ba na zama) gabatarwa, ado da Soviet alamomin (a fasa na Lenin, da banner (idan ta kasance), daban-daban takardun shaida, pennants da sauran halayen da Soviet salon). Saboda musamman ba zai gudu a cikin mata kwatami ko bayan gida, matasa malami da kowace safiya da kowane dare zuwa gudu a kusa da garin square a gidan wanka na jama'a ya wanke, aske, kuma ka yi tasbĩhi da na halitta bukata. Fun? Kamar mafi kyau dara. Amma Leonid ya jimre wannan zagi har shekara uku.

jam'iyyar aiki

A karshe, a shekarar 1960, wani matashi siyasa tattalin arziki lura a cikin gida jam'iyyar kungiyar da kuma aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga House of Siyasa Ilimi shawara da kuma malami. Wannan ya biyo ta canja wuri zuwa naúrar na Chernivtsi Regional kwamitin jam'iyyar kwaminis. Ga mu gwarzo yi jam'iyyar aiki ga kan shekaru 7, tanã fita zuwa post na shugaban sashen na shiyya jam'iyyar kwamitin farfaganda.

Next zuwa na al'ada hanyar Tarayyar Soviet wata babbar jam'iyyar ma'aikacin. Farko da shekara uku na digiri na biyu karatu a Academy of Social Sciences karkashin CPSU kwamitin tsakiya, sa'an nan shekara goma sha takwas na sauka a hankali hawan ta cikin sahu na kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis har da shugaban sashen na farfaganda na kwamitin tsakiya, sa'an nan shugaban sashen na akida. Kravchuk ya zama sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya kuma a shafukan na Ukrainian manema kira da adana Ukraine a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A ganiya ya jam'iyyar aiki - a membobinsu a cikin Politburo da post na biyu sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Ukrainian.

Kamar yadda Kravchuk zama shugaban na Verkhovna Rada

Bayan ritaya a 1989, watau shĩ ne abõkinsa Brezhnev Vladimir Shcherbytskyi Ukrainian jam'iyyar kwaminis karkashin jagorancin wani 'yan qasar na Poltava Vladimir Iwashko wanda ya sanya jam'iyyar aiki a cikin Kharkiv yankin. A shekarar 1990, Ukraine da aka gudanar zaben majalisar dokoki. Iwashko an zabe mataimakin na Kiev. Tun lokacin da mafiya yawa daga cikin wakilai, sun gurguzu, shi ne quite halitta da cewa shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar a watan Yuni 1990, da suka zabe da shugaban jam'iyyar, watau, Iwashko. Bayan da cewa, a cikin ruhu na lokacin, sun zaɓi wani sabon shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta S. Hurenko haka da cewa shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma siyasa sojojin da aka ba wannan mutumin.

A mataimakin daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, an zabe Kravchuk da Leonid Kravchuk. Tarihinsa iya da kyau ba za a bayansa da ta sauran ƙwarai events, idan Iwashko cewa wata ba yi da wani m sabõda wauta, wasa babbar rawa a cikin rayuwarsa da kuma nan gaba na mu gwarzo. Gaskiyar ita ce, a lokacin shugaban kasar da Tarayyar Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev, da kuma a hade, da kuma sakatare-janar na All-Union jam'iyyar kwaminis, neman hanya don rabu da su jam'iyyar aikinsu, don yana so ya bayyana a gaban Yammacin shugabannin (da wanda ya fito fili ya cringed) na musamman a cikin irin na jihar, da kuma ba kwaminisanci shugaban. Saboda haka ya zo sama da wani sabon matsayi a cikin jam'iyyar - na farko mataimakin sakatare janar - da kuma gayyace ta Iwashko shi tare da wata hujja mai yiwuwa na zama na gaba sakatare-janar na jam'iyyar batun da yarjejeniyoyin da na ikon da na Tarayyar Soviet. Iwashko a fili ba "prointuichil", wanda daukawa kasada irin wannan ganawa, ya ki Verkhovna Rada Shugaban post kuma bar for Moscow.

Ya mataki sparked zãlunci; wakilai,. Da farko sakataren Ukrainian jam'iyyar kwaminis Hurenko kawo wa maye gurbin kocin kasar na biyu sakataren kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Ukraine Kravchuk. Ya adadi shi ne a fili a yi jayayya. A daya hannun, ya kasance wani ɓangare na ma'aikacin cewa sahihi pro-kwaminisanci shiryayye wakilai,, a daya bangaren - 'yan asalin yammacin Ukrainians, wadda bisa ga wakilai, na kasa, shi ne mai garanti na samun' yancin kai daga Moscow ta manufofin. Hakika a jihar yancin kai na Ukraine, idan babu daya yi magana da ƙarfi.

Yuli 23, 1990 Kravchuk zama shugaban Koli Soviet na Ukrainian SSR, wanda ke nufin cewa maras shugaban na jamhuriyar.

Shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar - shugaban kasa

Wanda yanzu ya tuna da wuya lokaci bayan duk vicissitudes na baya shekaru 25? Sa'an nan kuma, tare da jerawa na Gorbachev rayayye tattauna da ra'ayin wani sabon jam'iyya yarjejeniya tsakanin jamhuriyoyin hada da Tarayyar Soviet. Proponents na wannan dabarar aka yi da kuma Kravchuk kamar yadda tsayayya wa kasa shugaban V. Chornovil, shugaban na motsi "Mutane ta Movement", wanda ya fito fili ya kira domin fita daga Ukraine daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Ko bayan fadawar ikon a kasar daga juyin mulki juyin mulki a watan Agusta na shekarar 1991, ya ci gaba da kira ga yarda karkashin Tsakiya tarayya hukumomi. Saboda haka, a wani taro na Verkhovna Rada watan Agusta 19 Kravchuk ce: "A Ukraine, dokar ta baci da aka ba shiga. Saboda haka, mu ci gaba da yin al'ada aikinsu a cikin wannan hanya. "

Kuma kawai a kan Agusta 24, a lokacin da 'yan gaggawa na kwamitin sun riga a kurkuku idan Soviet Shugaba Mikhail Gorbachev, da yake magana da wakilai, da Majalisar Koli, aka fili zagi su, kuma Boris Yeltsin a dandamalin dama a wannan taron, ya sa hannu umartar banning da jam'iyyar kwaminis - kawai shugabanci na Verkhovna Rada, karkashin jagorancin Kravchuk karkashin matsin mafi yawan wakilai, ya tafi zuwa ga yin zauren zabe da jawabi a jihar mulkin Ukraine, wanda aka karɓa.

Ba da da ewa Ukrainian kundin tsarin mulki da aka gyara don ƙirƙirar da post na shugaban kasar. Kravchuk aka sanya shugaban kasa iko, kuma haka ya zama zahiri shine kuma de jure shugaban kasa. A wannan shekara, Disamba 5, 1991, masu jefa kuri'a bisa ga ƙa'ida zaba da shugaban Ukraine da farko zaben shugaban kasar a cikin abin da ya ci Vyacheslav Chornovil tare da taken tanadi na dangantakar abokantaka tare da kasar Rasha, kazalika da adana guda na kasa da tattalin arziki inji a cikin post-Soviet sarari.

Kravchuk shugabancin

Abin takaici babu wani daga cikinsu ne ake sanar da taken kafin zaben, ya bai cika. Ko da yake Kravchuk da kuma rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan halittar CIS, amma ya yi dukan abin da Verkhovna Rada bai tabbatar da ta Dokoki. karbovanets - A watan Janairu 1992, wani sabon Ukrainian kudin da aka gabatar. Wannan ya sa wata halitta hutu harkokin tattalin arziki da abokan na Ukrainian Enterprises a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, don haka kasar ta rufe real inflationary hadari a cikin shekaru uku. Idan a karshen shekara ta 1991, "SKB zane aiki da kai" gubar m albashi (Dnepropetrovsk) ya game 200 Soviet rubles, a shekara ta 1994 a post na CMC "Yuzhvetroenergomash" sarki gwani, shi game da miliyan 2. Karbovancev a kimanin guda sayen ikon, watau, o A Z. da kudi lantarkin kasar ya girma da akalla 10,000 sau.

Enterprises massively rufe, titunan Ukrainian birane sun juya komawa cikin gidajen wucin kasuwanni inda mutane da aka ƙoƙarin sayar ga wani pittance sirri mallakarmu duka da iyali abubuwa. Daga gida zuwa kasuwa da kuma mayar da 'yan ƙasa ya sadar da kaya a wheeled kuraye cewa mutane aptly christened "kravchuchkami". A kasar ne hanzari birgima a cikin zurfin jãhilci. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da Ukrainian Elite ya tafi iyakance ikon shugaban kasar da kuma zaben majalisar dokoki, wucewa da babba iko na firayi minista, ciki har da dama don en dokoki wanda yake da karfi na doka. Saboda haka duk-iko Firayim ministan da aka Leonid Kuchma. Hakika, cewa tsakanin shi da shugaban kasar na wani rikici, wanda ke haifar da farko Fira murabus a karshen shekara ta 1993, sa'an nan, tare da goyon bayan Elite a gabashin Ukraine, ya sanya na m zaben shugaban kasa a cikin abin da ya ci na Leonid Kravchuk. Photo shugabancinsa lokacin da aka nuna a kasa.

The siyasa hoto na Leonid Kravchuk

Da zarar kan wani TV show kwanan kashe a Kiev jarida kuma marubuci Oles Buzina Kravchuk tambayi yadda ya, a tsohon shugaban ideologist na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, a san shi da yaki da Ukrainian nationalists iya cewa a yau ya ke siyasa da Majibinci, kuma ko da mai bin. A wannan Leonid Makarovich, "wõfintattu sumnyashesya" ce: "Znaєte scho? Ya Dumka mіnyaє ba a bad abo, Abo matattu. Ba ni da wadanda ba na Kuri'a Sauran ".

Bisa ga dabaru na Kravchuk, duk wanda bai rabuwa da imani, ko da biya domin su rayukansu, su ne wawaye. A tsawon dogon rayuwar siyasa ya ci gaba da maneuvering, canza ra'ayin siyasa. A karshen shekarar 2004, a tattaunawar da Yushchenko, ya goyan bayan Yanukovych (wanda ya sa aka, ta hanyar, aka hana da lakabi na cibiyar Doctor na Kiev-Mohyla Academy), sa'an nan da shekara ta 2009 zaben zama confidant na Yulia Tymoshenko, wannan kishiya Yanukovych.

A hankali, a matsayinsa ne mafi zama da mafi m dama, motsi kusa da ra'ayoyi da m Russophobia. Saboda haka, ta ƙarshe lokacin da ya je wurin da cewa Ukraine kamata rarrabe Donbass a domin su hana ta cutarwa tasiri a kan Ukrainian al'umma. Wannan shi ne hanyar da aka tsohon siyasa commissar na Ukrainian jam'iyyar kwaminis, wani rashin tsoro orator, wanda ake kira daga high tribunes zuwa proletarian internationalism da kuma 'yan'uwantaka na jama'a, da kuma yanzu da kuma a zahiri shine manufar fata a kan siyasa da kuma na kasa da filaye.

Kravchuk hali zuwa mutane

A takaice, mu gwarzo bã Ya son mutane. Wannan ya shafi Elite da kowa mutane. Amma ga Elite, shi ne sosai gaya misali wannan hali ya Vladimir Litvin, wanda a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, a lokacin da ya kasance shugaban Verkhovna Rada na su, a daya daga jawabansa a talabijin Kravchuk da ake kira "ya jadadda mallaka sana'a siyasa karuwa."

Alama ce da farko Ukrainian Maidan 2004 Labari Kaka Paraska Koroljuk fili suka kwaɓe Kravchuk kuma ko da kokarin tabbatar da ra'ayi to shi da mataki, saboda haka ya tilasta su ja da baya daga ta karkashin kariyar lafiya. Yana da wani ɓangare na dangantaka da talakawa mutane.

Amma Leonid Makarovich ci gaba da zama da masoyi na kafofin watsa labarai, shi ne wani asowa da yawa a cikin TV shows, ya ci gaba da zama a kan presidium yawa forums kafa na zamantakewa kungiyoyin, a cikin wasu kalmomi - shi ne a gani in Ukrainian siyasa coterie.

Wani batun da aka ja layi a ƙarƙashinsu da hankali ga ya mutum - wato, wanda shi ne wani kabilanci Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich? Ya real name, a cewar wasu kafofin, shi ne ba Kravchuk, kuma Blum, t. E. Ya wai Bayahude. Amma wadannan bayanan ne sosai m. Real sunan Leonid Kravchuk, mafi m, daya daga wanda ya aka sani a duniya.