Autonomization - wannan shi ne wani topic da cewa na bukatar wani zurfin nazari

A Disamba 2017 kiwon 95th ranar tunawa da Tarayyar Soviet - jihar, wanda dade kusan 69 da shekaru. A zamanin Tarayyar Soviet da aka alama sunyi baki daya da kuma son rai shiga cikin fraternal jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan rushewar wannan ɓangare na tarihin mu da aka gabatar a daban-daban littattafai. Wasu masu bincike jayayya da cewa daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da rushewar kungiyar a shekarar 1991, ya zama mulkin kai. Wannan ra'ayi ne ba gaba ɗaya da tushe. Bari mu gano dalilin da ya sa.

Da samuwar m jamhuriyoyin

Bayan da Bolsheviks zo ikon su nan da nan ya sanya da dama muhimmanci dokoki, ciki har da jawabi bayar mutanen Rasha da hakkin ya kafa mai zaman kanta jihohi. Wannan dama da aka nuna Finns, Latvians, Dogayen sanda, Ukrainians, Estonians da sauran al'umman da suke da batutuwa na Rasha daular, amma a yanzu sami 'yancin kansu.

A farkon shekarar 1918, da III Congress of Soviets legislated tarayya manufa tare da m cin gashin ga mutanen da suke so su zauna ɓangare na RSFSR. Wannan dabarar, a hannu daya, an cuce kasa ƙungiyoyi kan karkata daga tsohon daular daga cikin manyan dalilan domin ci gaba da gwagwarmaya, da kuma, a daya bangaren, aikatã game da duka da girma-ra'ayin, wanda aka horar da a Rasha har Oktoba 1917.

Duk da haka, a lokacin yakin basasa, wasu daga cikin matasa Soviet jamhuriyoyin shiga cikin soja, kudi, sadarwa da kuma sufuri ga kowa tsaro, da kuma m dawo da tattalin arziki. A farkon 20-ies na nan gaba na soja da tattalin arziki alliance jawo babbar muhawara. A general, akwai abubuwa uku zabin hada: tarayya, hukumar da kuma cin gashin. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin ayyuka na gwamnatin, a cikin bukatar da sauri yanke shawara.

Federation of Lenin

Shugabannin wasu daga cikin Soviet jamhuriyoyin wanda ya so ya kare 'yancin kai, shawara halittar wani tarayya, inda a can zai zama wani hadade jihar hukumomi. amma VI Lenin, wanda dadin wani babban suna a cikin Soviet gwamnati, ya soki ra'ayin Confederation, imani da cewa irin wannan jiha za ma rauni sadarwa tsakanin kasa jamhuriyoyin.

Amma Lenin bai yarda da shawarar da Stalin, bisa ga abin cin gashin - wani ƙungiyar na Soviet jamhuriyoyin a cikin Rasha Federation matsayin m (m da kuma daidaita) mahalarta. Lenin ya mai taimako Tarayyar Soviet ta tarayya tsarin. Ya zahiri je sama tare da suna ga wata nan gaba a jihar.

Federation, Lenin tunani ga manyan kasar shi ne mafi dace nau'i na jam'iyya. Irin wannan jama'a-tsarin siyasa zai samar da daidaito da dukkan jamhuriyoyin, ciki har da hakkin ya balle daga Tarayyar Soviet. The Tarayya bai zama wuraren wuce kima centralism kuma mai-iko Manzonsa.

Stalin shirin for autonomization

A 1922, Stalin sun shagaltar da post na RSFSR Mutane ta Commissar ga kasashe. Ya kuma gangarawa cikin jam'iyyar da kuma jihar hukumar cewa ci gaba da daftarin dokar samu a tarihin da sunan "autonomization kaidinsu."

A karkashin doka, da uku Soviet jamhuriyoyin - Belarus, Ukraine da kuma Transcaucasian Federation (Azerbaijan da Armenia da kuma Georgia) - sun zama m cikin Rasha Federation.

A gaskiya ma, Stalin samarwa halittar wani unitary jihar tare da wata guda, m ikon jikin na jamhuriyar da tsarin shari'ar. A wasu kalmomin, da tsakiyar jagorancin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan fannoni na kungiyar tarayyar jamhuriyoyin, wanda a zahiri hana ciki da mulki.

A samuwar da Tarayyar Soviet

Disamba 30, 1922 tawagar na Soviet jamhuriyoyin sanya hannu a kungiyar yarjejeniya da yake da'awarsu, a shelar da samuwar da Tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan takardu sun nuna cewa, kawai tambayoyi na waje cinikayya da siyasa, tsaro, da ãyõyinMu, kuma kudi za a gudanar da tsakiyar hukumomin gwamnati. The bayani sauran lokuta zauna a cikin iyawa na kasa hukumomi.

Saboda haka, dalilin halittar Tarayyar Soviet da aka sa Leninist ka'idojin daga mulki, kuma daidaito, amma kamar yadda lokaci ya nuna, kawai ƙa'ida. A gaskiya, da hakkin na kungiyar tarayyar jamhuriyoyin hankali rage, da kuma jihar kanta zama unitary. Jimawa cin gashin Stalinist tarayyar soviet suka fara aiwatar.

Mene ne sakamakon?

A dalilan da wasu kabilun rikice-rikice da ya tashi a nuna na 80-90-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma bayan rushewar tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, da za a samu a cikin Soviet zamanin.

Hakika, wadannan matsaloli ba za a iya zargi kawai ka'idojin autonomization, sa shugabannin jam'iyyar a cikin tsarin na jama'a-kasa da manufofin. Kafin juyin juya hali, da harka a wannan yanki sun babu kyau. Duk da haka, ƙeta na sarki hakkokin da jamhuriyoyin iya wuce ba ba tare da barin wani alama.

Period na Soviet tarihi, a lokacin da shirye-shirye kasance underway ga halittar da Tarayyar Soviet, a can ne kadan karatu, kazalika da Stalin ta mulkin kai. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa saba kimomi da na yanzu siyasa tsakanin tsohon zarar Soviet jamhuriyoyin da kuma a cikin wani hali ne ba moriya ga zaman lafiya na kasa da kasa data kasance rikice-rikice.