Petr Berngardovich Struve: biography, ideas, taimako ga ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

Petr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) - daya daga cikin mafi shahararren Rasha jama'a Figures, kuma 'yan siyasa. Zai amfane hada da tattalin arziki, da aikin jarida, tarihi da kuma falsafa.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: a takaice biography

Haifa a cikin wani iyali Berngarda Struve, wanda ya Gwamnan Perm, Peter samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi.

Da farko makaranta ya makarantar sakandare a St. Petersburg. Bayan saurayin da ya yanke shawarar barin mahaifa gida da kuma rayuwa a cikin gidan AM Kalmykova maye gurbin mahaifiyarsa, ya tafi zuwa ga University a cikin wannan birni. A farko, Bitrus ya ziyarci baiwa na kimiyyar yanayin halitta, sa'an nan (bayan shekara guda) shige da Attaura.

Ya so domin akidar Karl Marx ka'idar da aka haka da karfi, wanda ke haifar a cikin kungiyar na wani thematic da'irar. A jami'a Petr Berngardovich Struve ya yi karatu har 1894, lokacin da lokacin da ya ziyarci kasar Austria, inda ya kasance farfesa ilimin halayyar zaman L. Gumplowicz. A nan ne Bitrus ya yanke shawarar zama wani tattalin arziki.

Fara na jarida da

Talifi na farko ya, wanda ya rubuta kuma aka buga Petr Berngardovich Struve, da aka buga a cikin daya daga cikin German Social Democratic-jaridu a lokacin da ya tsaya a Austria.

Rungumar ayyuka Struve matsayin publicist, shi za a iya raba biyu wadannan juna, saukarwa:

1. Pre-neman sauyi. Mu'amala, articles da makala, rubuta kafin 1907, kasance wani ɓangare na nazari da kuma zargi da Marx theories. suka kuma gani juyin halitta daga cikin ra'ayoyin da Bitrus a fagen tattalin arziki da kuma nazarin zamantakewar al'umma.
2. Post-neman sauyi. Ayyukan Struve a cikin wannan lokacin da aka gwagwarmaya don adana da hadin kai na Rasha. Har ila yau, a fili take zargi da nufin neman sauyi maximalism.

A general, yanzu harkokin aiki da wannan adadi wakiltar sikelin aiki, zana da kuma nazarin ciki matakai abin da ke faruwa a Rasha al'umma a wannan lokaci, daga ra'ayinsa na nazarin zamantakewar al'umma.

Ra'ayin siyasa na Struve kuma su ci gaba

Shi ne mabiyin sha'awar na Markisanci a cikin matasa, Struve Petr Berngardovich bayan da juyin juya halin Musulunci events na 1907 ya tashi zuwa matsayi na ra'ayin mazan jiya liberalism. A tsari na siyasa canji besprimeren, amma counterbalance siyasa halaye na Bitrus bauta aikinsa a tattalin arziki, da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, philology da kuma falsafa. Magana da kansa, Petr Berngardovich Struve lura cewa, ta wurin ba za a iya ƙaddara mayar da hankali a kan ƙungiya-siyasa meridians.

Saboda siyasa imani da kuma ayyukan V. I.Lenin ya Struve sosai korau kima wanda shafa ta suna a tsawon shekaru. A Soviet sau, adadi na abin yabo ambaci a cikin zaman takewar kimiyya ya kasance na musamman a cikin wani mummunan hanya, da kuma aikin ba a buga. A halin da ake ciki canza a karshe shekaru na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma a yau za a iya cikakken rufe ta ci gaba da kuma bayar da gudunmawar da ƙẽtare haddi daga cikin tunani da siyasa al'adunmu na kasar mu.

Daga Markisanci ga m motsi

A akida nema don maye gurbin akidar Karl Marx view zo falsafa idealism da kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi conservatism, wanda ya zama na nacewa kare Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography adadi ya hada da wani yawa na shahararrun sunayen don su taimake shi, a wadai da Rasha tsarin mulki. Don wannan karshen, da wallafa gidan "Littafi Review" da aka shirya a shekarar 1900. Its main aiki ya littafin na daban-daban takardun wanda zai daidaitawa data kasance tsarin mulki.

Bayan da shan kashi a wani taro zanga-zanga Peter kõre, sai da ya je Tver. Amfani da kudi m D. E. Zhukovskogo, wanda ya a fan of nasa, Struve ya iya tsara fitarwa na mujallar "Liberation" a Jamus. Don samun izinin barin 'yar jarida ya nemi taimako daga m abokai.

Duk da haka, da tunani ba zai iya hana rubuce-rubuce da wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka a nazarin falsafar tushe na masu sassaucin ra'ayi manufofin. Makõma take ne kawai da shekara biyar sa'ad yin amfani da daya daga cikin magoya, an afuwa a kan siyasa zargin da aka saki Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography na Falsafa da dan jarida na gaba shekaru goma na rayuwa, ya bayyana aikin a Polytechnic Institute a St. Petersburg. Asalinsu wani malami, lecturer kuma m farfesa, ya ƙarshe ya zama shugaban sashen siyasa da tattalin arziki.

A wannan lokacin, shi ne ya rubuta da babban tattalin arziki aiki Bitrus ( "Tattalin Arziki da kuma Price"), daban-daban kundin wanda ya zama ubangijinsa kuma digiri na uku.

A gwagwarmaya da Bolshevism

Bolshevik juyin juya halin da Struve sosai korau hali. Pretty da ewa ba, a 'yan watanni bayan wadannan abubuwan, Peter Struve da Berngardovich G. N. Trubetskoy tafi zuwa ga Don. By lokacin da suka biyu ya kasance mambobi na Dama Center (doka kungiyar). Ma'aikacin da aka tsunduma a cikin samuwar da gudummuwar Army. Akwai, Bitrus ya zama wani zabe memba na Don yakin majalisa, wanda yayi aiki a matsayin taron siyasa da kuma amsa a karkashin Janar Alekseev.

Bayan da sojojin da aka tilasta yin abin da ake kira Ice yaƙin neman zaɓe, Struve asirce zo a cikin babban birnin kasar. Ya yi fiye da watanni shida da su zauna a cikin doka matsayi. A wannan lokacin, Peter halarci aiwatar da samar da daya daga cikin karfi anti-Bolshevik karkashin kasa kungiya da ake kira "National Center". Wurin aikin ya Moscow reshe na jam'iyya.

Fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa da ja tsõro, tsokane ta yunkurin a kan Lenin, shugaban tilasta su bar babban birnin kasar. Ya mafaka ne daidai Alyatino a Vologda.

Aiki a Turai

Daga baya, bayan da tafiya zuwa arewacin ƙasashen Rasha, Struve ya iya zuwa Finland. Ga shi kuma AV Kartashov (wani memba na cibiyar) ya gana da Janar N. N. Yudenichem da kuma tattaunawa game da kungiyar na hadin gwiwa. Godiya ga hadewa da m aiki na 'yan anti-Bolshevik kungiyoyin, Yudenich jagoranci soja da siyasa cibiyar a Finland.

Bitrus da hankali da aka ma bayar da "kwamitin Rasha yantar." Wannan kungiyar da aka kafa a shekara ta 1919 da kuma aikata da Tarurrukan na Rasha, kazalika da kiwon da daraja a tsakanin sauran jihohi. Kwamitin ya a kullum edition na buga takardun cewa ya nuna ainihin abubuwan da suka faru a Rasha. Tabbatar sadarwar da Admiral A. V. Kolchakom da gwamnatin gudummawar da kasafi na tallafin da ga "National Center".

Babu kasa aiki Struve yi aiki yayin da zama a Faransa yi aiki tare da 'yan "Rasha taron siyasa."

Domin kokarin, Falsafa da kuma marubuci, aka yanke masa hukumcin da kotun na RSFSR zuwa mutuwa. Duk da haka, Bitrus ya ci gaba da hadin gwiwa tare da White generals da aiki na jarida da.

Peter Struve mutu a Paris a shekarar 1944, inda ya zauna tare da iyalinsa tun 1942.

Falsafa ra'ayoyi kan harkokin siyasa ka'idar

Struve wani wakilin da ake kira shari'a Markisanci a Rasha. Wannan kalma ana kira social motsi wanda, daga wani msar tambayar da akida ra'ayi, gane da daidaitar Marx da tattalin arziki rukunan tarihi inevitability da tsarin jari hujja.

Ma'aikacin yarda da jari hujja hanyar ci gaban da tattalin arzikin a matsayin yiwu dalilin da ci gaban tattalin arziki na Rasha. A tasiri aiwatar da zamantakewa da sake fasalin da kuma namo yanayi a wadda wani mutum ya iya ci gaba, wadannan su ne muhimman abubuwan da ware fitar Struve Petr Berngardovich. Ideas wannan adadi damu da ka'idodin kungiyar na bourgeois jihar. Struve dauki shi musamman muhimmiyar rawa, ya kira "da Oganeza na oda", wanda yake shi ne iya kawar da rikice-rikice na wani zamantakewa yanayi, kazalika da daidaita al'umma a tattalin arziki da siyasa sharuddan.

Innovation Peter Struve

Hanya Struve ƙaryata uku na asali aka gyara abin da ya wanzu a cikin akidar siyasa tattalin arzikin :

• The aiki ka'idar darajar.
• A ka'idar m mai amfani.
• Historical School.

Wannan adadi shi ne daya daga cikin na farko da suka yi amfani da tsarin da kuma Hanyar kafa-akai a kan abin da aka gina da nau'i-nau'i daga siyasa da tattalin arziki. Ya samarwa a uku-bene tsarin na dangantaka:

• Household.
• Kashe-gona.
• Rayuwa da-m.

Ya kuma nasa ne da tabbatarwa cewa, sake fasalin kada ku counter ga rai hadisai na mutane da kuma harkokin al'adu dabi'u. Su gina a kan wannan tushe.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: taimako ga ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

Yana da daraja a ma maganar da zamantakewa da kuma tsarin tattalin arziki, aka bayyana ta a Falsafa. Yana dogara ne a kan Concepts, kamar "farashin", "tattalin arziki amfani", "kudi" da kuma "darajar." A peculiarity na tsarin ne da cewa "farashin" na category da aka ba wa asali matsayi. Yana ne aka yi nufi domin gina dukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki gaskiya. Har ila yau, wannan category Struve da aka tsara a matsayin tushe ga duk zamantakewa da tattalin arziki write-kashe, a lokacin, kamar yadda Marx amfani da wannan manufa, ka'idar da ragi darajar.

Hamzari daga cikin larura na "ra'ayin mazan jiya juyin juya halin" a Rasha - daya daga cikin manyan ideas ɓullo da Petr Berngardovich Struve. Ilimin halayyar da aka sanar a zamani jami'o'i, karatu da ka'idar tsarin dimokuradiyya na Rasha jama'a, da samarwa adadi. A cewar shi, shi ake bukata da wadannan albarkatun:

• Personal hanya.
• Bincike bangaren.
• M bangaren.
• Kayadadden rayuwa.
• Al'adu da tarihi albarkatun.
• Aikin hanya.

Struve ga ayyukan domin ci gaba da ka'idar al'ada

Ya bayar da gudunmawar da filin ma'aikacin gabatar ta hanyar amfani da na ginin jumla analysis, yin amfani da wallafe-wallafen texts. Gumakansa sun Nikolai Leskov, Nikolai litattafan Gogol, F. Dostoevsky da sauran manyan marubuta. Bugu da kari, Struve hõre bincika da kuma m aiki na Pushkin, ya kira shi da manufa mutum a zamantakewa da siyasar al'amari na rayuwa.
Hadishi professed manufa na amincewa da kariya na mutum yanci, kazalika da kula da barga siyasa domin da wani karfi jihar iko. Ya da'awar cewa wani mutum daga Rasha al'ada - wata mahada da kuma wajen ha kuma disintegrating jihar splochayuschee al'umma. Al'adu ga shi yana da ma'ana: da amfani da su m, kuma unifying fasali. Struve yi imani da cewa dukkan yankunan (aiki, siyasa, kabilanci dangantakar) da za a infused al'adu.

wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan da aka halitta Petr Berngardovich Struve - 'masana da juyin juya halin "(1909). A gaskiya, wannan aiki shi ne wani labarin da aka hada a cikin littafin "Milestones".

Tarin Struve, ciki har da sake dubawa na duk gagarumin siyasa da al'adu abubuwan dake faruwa a Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe, da aka buga a 2004 da kuma da take da "The Diary siyasa."