History of Arkhangelsk, ta gine-gine, tituna, Monuments

Arkhangelsk - mafi tsufa birnin na Rasha Arewa, wani muhimmin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma cibiyar al'adu. Akwai sau lokacin da ya dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci yankunan kasar. Amma a yanzu, da Arewa Sea Route ba a soke, da kuma birnin ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a sabon ci gaba. A tarihin Shugaban Mala'iku za a gaya a cikin labarin.

Sufi da Kholmogory

A tarihin abin da ya faru na Mala'iku gaya mana cewa haifuwa na birnin ne a hukumance da sufi Mihaila Arhangela, located a kan Cape Pur-Navolok. A farko ambaci shi da dangantaka da 1419 (na wani dalili ba fun - sakon gaya na shan kashi na sufi da Swedes). Kusa da bango, kamar yadda shi ne al'ada a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, shi ne gida da dama kauyuka - manoma da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã kange kuma yi amfani a cikin al'amarin da cewa kare sufi kufaifan. Amma mafi m da muhimmanci a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ya kauyen Kholmogory (da aka sani da mahaifar M. V. Lomonosova), dake kusa da nan. Har tsakiyar XVI karni, shi ne mai gida mall.

Birtaniya, Ivan Grozny, hemp, itace ...

A tarihin Shugaban Mala'iku (photos na wannan babban birni za ka iya gani a cikin labarin) ya ce a cikin 1553 a unguwar Kholmogory fara isa English matuƙan. Birtaniya sun musamman sha'awar da yiwuwar sayen Rasha katako da zane for filafili kuma hemp ga igiya - shi ne zamanin da saurin ci gaban na Birtaniya Navy. Kholmogory amma ba sosai dace domin wannan dalili - a m Arewa Dvina rasa wani babban teku-faruwa tasoshin.

Saboda haka, Birtaniya sun zabi yankin da sufi - akwai za a iya kusata da teku. Bukatar halitta wadata - zuwa wurin m tallace-tallace na kayan kai Rasha fatake. A shiri fara girma, akwai waje masana'antu da 'yan kasuwa' warehouses. A sabon gari aka kira Kholmogorov, a wancan lokaci shi ne kawai cikakken fledged Rasha tashar jirgin ruwa.

A ra'ayi na wannan Ivan Grozny, wanda dangantaka da Sweden sun ba da mafi kyau, na halarci da tabbatarwa daga cikin sabon Trade Center. Biyu mahukunta da aka umurce su da su nan da nan "sa birni", da cewa shi ne ya gina a New Kholmogory karfafa iya samar da kariya a kan zai yiwu hare-haren da Swedes. Jayayya da wannan sarki yana ba da shawarar - gwamnonin sun jimre na shekara, kuma a 1584 a Cape Pur-Navolok akwai wani sansanin soja da cikakken shaft, moat, hasumiya, da ƙofofi. A karkashin ta kariya daga waje masana'antu aka koma, kuma Ya ƙãra gida Rasha yawan (wani lokacin da son rai da kuma tilasta). Yana bayyana strelets sojojin cikakken Posad.

Active birni rai kuwa shi ne kawai a lokacin kewayawa a lokacin saye rũgũguwar fita nan daga Ingila da kuma Holland da kuma masu sayarwa daga Vologda, Moscow, Kholmogory. Ciniki ya brisk - ko da almara Frensis Dreyk, da fashin teku admiral, Sin na nuna godiya ga Rasha fatake domin ba a da kayan aiki ga m Birtaniya jiragen ruwa. A 1596 ne ta fara da tarihin birnin na Arkhangelsk, tun da farko a cikin takardun da aka ambata da sunansa (sunan sufi, wanda ya ba da kafuwar garin). A 1613 da sunan zama na aikin.

Taga zuwa Turai

Haka ne, shi ya wanzu kafin Bitrus I (wato, a maimakon haka, yi a cikin wannan guda Turai ba taga, da kuma biyu ƙõfõfin), da kuma bauta musu daidai Arkhangelsk. A XVII karni birnin da aka bayar to 60% na waje cinikayya yawa na Rasha. Kamar yadda kasar ciyar isolationist siyasa, a 1667 birnin da aka ayyana da kawai batu inda yarda ka je waje m jiragen ruwa. Ba sai da Petrine zamanin.

Kakkarfa sarki sau biyu ziyarci birnin da kuma zauna na dogon lokaci. A Arkhangelsk Peter farko sanya fita zuwa teku, inda ya qaddamar da halittar farko Rasha cinikayya "kumpanstv". Sarkin ne ma da "baba" daga cikin Arkhangelsk Shipbuilding - fusata shi da cewa duk Rasha fitarwa faruwa a kasashen waje zuwa kasashen waje jiragen ruwa. Ƙoƙarin a jihar zo na farko sa'an nan kuma da kasa ta farko mai zaman kansa masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Jirãge ma ya fara fitarwa abu - suka yarda kuma a cikin wani gagarumin yawan sayi 'yan kasashen waje. Sun kasance sũ ne ma da bukatun matasa Baltic jiragen ruwa.

Ta hanyar sabon bincike 'kofa ga kasashen Turai "mun samu da kuma wadanda a Rasha da aka ba gayyace - musamman, da Swedes. Tun da Arewa War, Bitrus ya kula da kariya daga arewacin ciniki tashar jiragen ruwa. Kamar haka nan kuma ya bayyana na farko da dutse a wadannan wurare na yau da kullum Novodvinsk sansanin soja. A 1708, Bitrus ya ba da Arkhangelsk matsayi na lardin cibiyar (da kuma lardunan a lokacin da aka 8 ga dukan ƙasar). Duk da haka, a 1722 sarki bayar da da Arkhangelsk cinikayya domin St. Petersburg - da aka haramta don fitarwa ta hanyar Mala'iku iri-iri na dukiya.

Northern Way

Amma karshen wannan shawarar da aka ba. A tarihin birnin Arkhangelsk ci gaba. Wasu kayayyakin iya har yanzu za a shigo da kuma fitar dashi. Rayayye aiki Petrine Solombalskaya masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa don gina jiragen ruwa da bukatun kasar, da kuma na sayarwa. A 1762 Catherine II ya cire hani a kan cinikayya. A hanya, masu tasowa, da gandun daji da masana'antu da kuma itace aiki (ba tare da shi a lokacin da kõme ba su yi tunani game da Shipbuilding). Da zarar gode da Napoleon Bonaparte - ƙawãta shi "nahiyar kawancen" na Ingila, ma, ya bayar da gudunmawar ga ci gaban cinikayya. Arkhangelsk ya na da muhimmanci administrative cibiyar, kuma ya bayyana a dakin motsa jiki, wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma kasar ta farko gidan kayan gargajiya.

shi ne ma mai bincike cibiyar - Saboda haka suka tafi a kan wani balaguro matuƙan neman yiwuwar kewaya tare da Arctic tekun na Rasha. Chichagov Rusanov Pakhtusov, Sedov - fiye da 200 expeditions aka aiko daga Arkhangelsk don nazarin Rasha ta Arewa. Ko da yake tun 1916 da darajar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Mala'iku fadi (akwai wani sabon, mafi amfani-friendly kankara-free tashar jiragen ruwa - Murmansk) ya tafi zuwa ga icebreaker "A jirgin, amma shi ya kasance a nan a 1932 Siberians ", wanda gudanar ya tabbatar da cewa Arewa Sea Route wuce a cikin daya kewayawa kakar.

Mun kiyasta Shugaban Mala'iku, wanda tarihi ne na riba dõmin ya mazaunanta, da kuma kawayenta na Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin Great Patriotic War. Domin quite lokaci mai tsawo a birnin a gaskiya kawai (saboda wuya halin da ake ciki a Murmansk) tashar jiragen ruwa iya samun "Arctic convoys" - a rundujar soja masu dawaki na kaya da kuma soja jirãge ake tsĩrar da Soviet soja kayan aiki da sauran kaya a karkashin Ka taimaka-Lease. Daya tashar jiragen ruwa na manajoji zuwa sama convoys taka leda sanannen Arctic Explorer ID Papanin.

Arkhangelsk, tarihin wanda ya kasance batun da mu review, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimman cibiyoyi na Arewa teku hanya zuwa yau. A Soviet sau, birnin da aka rayayye girma, kara girman zamani gine-gine saba arewacin yanayi.

mamaya da mugunta

Abin baƙin ciki, daga zamanin d gine-gine na birnin da ya rage sosai kadan. Dalilin da cewa an gina mafi yawa daga itace. A batu na wannan cinikayya da fari, ma, ya itace, kazalika da lilin da hemp - abubuwa ne sosai flammable. Saboda haka, yankunan da gobara a Arkhangelsk sun sananne. A musamman, a 1667 gaba daya ƙone da sufi, wanda ya ba da birnin da sunan da. Kamar yadda wani ma'aikata da shi daga baya a mayar da, amma a cikin wani sabon wuri, daga tarihi garin cibiyar (a kan Cape yanzu na bukatar kawai commemorative stele ƙarfafu da haifuwa daga cikin birni).

Duk da haka, da sufi ba da gari ba kawai wani sunan, a tarihin da ya fara a Arkhangelsk alama. The sufi da aka keɓe wa Mihailu Arhangelu, a san shi da nasara a kan shaidan. Wannan labarin da aka nuna a kan alama. A karo na farko da irin wannan hoto da aka samu a cikin sirri records da Bitrus - ya shi ne mai zane Arkhangelogorodskaya Tutar rajimanti. Tun 1722 wannan gashi na makamai amfani da birnin, amma ba tare da yardar (a farko Michael aka nuna ta hanyar kambi, amma daga baya ya kasance "cikin sauri"). The hukuma sanarwa na daga Catherine ta lardin garambawul a 1780.

A Soviet sau, Arkhangelsk ya gashi na makamai da image na jirgin - tsarkaka a nan ba mai kyau. Amma a shekarar 1989 an mayar da asali gashi na makamai. Michael a blue dress da kuma baki ci shaidan wanda aka nuna a cikin rawaya filin. The gashi na makamai alama ce da rabo daga mai kyau a kan mugunta.

Scientist kuma kafinta

Mafi shahara Monuments na Arkhangelsk ne images M. V. Lomonosova da Tsar Bitrus. Dukansu - ayyukan shahara mawallafa (Ivan Martos da Antokolsky bi da bi). Suna kafa kafin juyin juya halin (a 1832 da kuma 1914). Mikhail wanda aka nuna a cikin classic jijiya, kusan Roman mawãƙi ne. Amma Arkhangelsk Peter ne sosai daban-daban daga "yan'uwa". Wannan ba wani autocrat, ba wani lashe, ba sarki, "wanda ya tashe Rasha domin Buck," da kuma "Peter Carpenter zaandamsky" da kaina na goyon bayan darkãke daga cikin ƙãre iri-sabon jirgin.

Guests daga baya

Kafe a cikin Petrine zamanin ganye da kuma tarihi na Arkhangelsk gine-gine. Babbansu wadannan girmamawa katako coci a Zaostrovye (marigayi XVII karni) m cubic tsarin. Yanzu abu da ake mayar da; rani aiki ya kamata a kammala. Ana iya gani cikin saura na Novodvinsk sansanin soja, inda a 1701 sojojin karkashin umurnin da wani matashi sabis Sylvester Ievleva msa da hari na Swedes. Wannan taron ser. "Sun Rasha" da aka kishin Soviet zamanin.

Yana tsira da dama ban sha'awa gine-gine na baya sau - Trinity Church (tsakiyar XVIII karni.), The Admiralty gini (1820), da Church of Martina Ispovednika a tsibirin Solombala (1803). Akwai a cikin birnin da kuma 'yan tsohon katako gidaje, a cikin abin da mutane har yanzu rayuwa. Daga cikin tarihi Monuments na Arkhangelsk - Surskoe farmstead, gina Lutheran coci da kuma wani katako, gidan da m Shavrina, inda a yau aka located da Matasa Theater. Al'adu Elite Arkhangelsk girmama wadannan gine-gine ado na gari.

Masu ziyara daga wajen nan gaba

Zamani gine-gine kasa akai-akai na'am da compliments, amma a banza. Eh, da yawa 'yan ƙasa ne m da dominance na shopping cibiyoyin "flashy" bayyanar. Amma da fadi da tituna da na zama was na Soviet zamanin sun juya a cikin wata alama ce da gari, kazalika da tsohon gine-gine. A musamman, muna magana ne game da gungu iyãma titi. Unguwa ce cewa kada mu zarga da Soviet gine (fari house- "kyandir" riga da ake kira "birane mala'ika"), da kuma sa sabon sidewalks, hažaka da Parks, tsabta facades da kuma jefa a cikin shara unsightly talla Banners. Sai Soviet gine-gine sake zama batu na girman kai na gari.

Yana fa, tã da hankali ga tsarin da marine tashar - wani zamani fari gini a cikin gargajiya ga wannan dalili blue da fari launuka. Amma ya fi shahara zamani gini a Arkhangelsk - "skyscraper" a cikin 24 benaye. Domin New York ko Chicago ne ridiculously kananan, amma suka ga ba a gina a kan wani hadadden na arewacin kasa. Gina "skyscraper" a shekarar 1984 tare da talla maimakon ga m dalilai. Duk da haka, housed dama zane kamfanonin, da kuma yanzu da ginin da ake amfani da matsayin ofishin cibiyar da hedkwatar Arkhangelsk tashoshin.

A madadin uku

Ban sha'awa labarin titunan Arkhangelsk. Wasu daga cikin su (ko kuma wajen a cikin sunayen) tukuru samo asali rabo. Historical sunayen gani ko dai fadar jihar da kuma addini akida, ko fasali na gida rayuwa. Haka kuma, birnin na da ¡iyãma, Triniti, da 'yan sanda, Bread Street. Akwai kuma Faransa, Scottish, Lutheran, Norway, Kirochnaya (daga kalmar "Lutheran Church") - da wadannan sunayen, an rubuta su a zama na waje m bariki.

Very da yawa daga cikin titunan birnin iya fariya da cikkaken jerin 4-5 sunayen. Su canza ba wai kawai ga akida da dalilai (a ¡iyãma a Soviet sau kasance daga Engels 'sunan, da kuma Triniti - Vinogradov, memba na kai hari na Winter, kwamandan Severodvinsk kogin jiragen ruwa), amma kuma a dangane da sake fasalin kudin da renovations (a fili yake cewa fitowan Kuznechevskaya sarkar - Perm - Suvorov ba za a iya bayyana ta gurguzu sharudda).

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, wasu daga cikin titi samu tarihi sunan da baya. Sau da yawa yanzu a Arkhangelsk muryoyin wad'annan cikakken "de-communization" na birnin, tare da kawar da Karla Marksa Cards, Rosa Luxemburg, Chelyuskintsev da Uritsky. Amma mafi yawan jama'arta tsayayya. An dade kasance babu mafi daga waɗanda bã su da haihuwa sunayen ne 'yan qasar da kuma na zamani Archangelsk, saba da prospectus Chumbarova-Lucinschi (af, wannan yawo, tafiya a ƙasa titi) bai fahimci dalilin da ya sa ya kamata juya a cikin wani babban Meschanskuyu ko Tsakiya Avenue. Kuma shi ke ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa renaming gauraye kai hanyoyi da kuma takardun da rajista tsarin (musamman, gidaje hakkokin da rajista takardun na Enterprises da kuma kungiyoyi).

m himma

A cikin wadannan yanayi, Arkhangelsk masana tarihi sun nuna cancanci girmamawa da kuma tsẽre himma. A wasu daga cikin gine-gine a tsaye a tarihi tituna, suka yi a haɗe ƙarin nameplates cewa wadannan tituna sun kasance a daban-daban sau. Babu administrative martani, wadannan alamu ba su bukata, amma taimaka kiyaye da kawo da hankalin da townspeople memory na tsohon wuri sunayen Arkhangelsk.

A tagulla Pavlin Vinogradov kuma tsaye a kan titi Triniti ... To, wannan m zamani titi, kuma ta haƙĩƙa, dã na son wannan sauyi matuƙan ...

Saboda haka ka san da labarin birnin Arkhangelsk (takaice). Kuma yanzu ka san cewa a kowace lokaci cikin birni san daraja da kuma zullumi, da kuma babban sa'a ...