Bolotnikov tawaye: haddasawa da kuma raunuka, kazalika da summary na da tarihi

A Rasha mutane ne tsawon jimrewa da kuma haƙuri. Duk da haka, taba, amma da wani haƙuri ya zo ga ƙarshe. Kuma wani fushi zanga-zanga na talakawa, shirya wani karfi hali, kamar tsunami ta share a cikin hanyar kome. Kuma waɗanda suke a cikin tarihi na Rasha sun baƙauye yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda ya jagoranci Emelyan Pugachev, Stepan Razin da kuma Ivan Bolotnikov.

Bolotnikov tawaye ya faru ya zama a cikin 1906 - 1907 shekaru, da suka fara a kudancin Moscow State. Dalilin da yi su ne da jita-jita cewa maimakon 1 arya Dmitry aka kashe wani mabanbanta mutum. Wadannan jita-jita musamman girgiza matsayin Shumsky, ba shi da bayyanar da riko da doka.

Amma a gaskiya, babu ya kasance wani yunkuri Bolotnikov quite haƙiƙa dalilai. Just mutane ya wuce zuwa rayu tsawon kamar yadda aka tilasta su bayyana a cikin "tip": inganta bayan duk matakan da mulkin gargajiya zalunci, serfdom, yin manoman kada ba tare da 'yancin, da yunwa da talauci sun yi aikinsu.

Sauran ayyukan da shiga kara Borisom Godunovym "gyarawa shekaru" da kuma, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da rikicin siyasa a kasar. A takaice, jihar ya ɓullo da wani sauyi halin da ake ciki, a lokacin da manoma fiye iya daina yi haƙuri, kuma "top" ba iya sarrafa a cikin sabon hanyoyi. Saboda haka tawaye Bolotnikov ya yanayin yaki antiboyarskuyu.

Kira kansu yaki da zato ba a kashe sarkin, Bolotnikov a arewacin Putivle taru a kusa da shi a bugãwa, azabtar da zãlunci manoma, bayyana su game da sananne bayyanar Tsarevich Dmitry. Taimake shi ya nuna juyayi da wannan yunkuri na Prince Shahovsky sunayen da gwamnan Chernigov Telyatevsky. Sũ ne waɗanda suka yi sanya shi yiwuwa a tara wata babbar rundunar disgruntled mayaudarin, suka yi tsayayya da tashin hankali da kuma rashin adalci na kasa. Bolotnikov tawaye zaci cikin hali na mai mutane ta yaki.

Shuya, kokarin zauna a kan gadon sarautar, ya aiko don ganawa da sojojin Bolotnikov Trubetzkoy da Vorotynsky gangarawa. Amma Troubetzkoy da Vorotynsky aka dukan tsiya baƙauye sojoji, da farko Kromy, da kuma na biyu a karkashin Yelets. A watan Satumba Bolotnikov tawaye suka zo Kaluga, inda kidan matsayin babban sojojin na sojojin Shumsky.

Kolomna, wanda ya a cikin hanyar 'yan tawayen Moscow kewaye ta da yaƙi. Posad manoman gudanar ya kai farmaki, amma ya kasa kama da Kremlin nan da nan. Bolotnikov sa'an nan kumaMun ce wa bar akwai wani karamin sashi na sojojinsa, da kuma ainihin abun da ke ciki suka tafi Moscow.

A watan Oktoba bolotnikovtsy kewaye Moscow. A watan Nuwamba, domin su sojojin shiga cikin Cossacks karkashin jagorancin Murom. Amma ba zato ba tsammani tafi a kan ga makiya sojojin Lyapunov daga Ryazan. Wannan alama farkon na 'yan tawayen manya dam a hannu daya, da kuma Cossacks - da sauran. Kuma a watan Disamba bolotnikovtsy riga ya fara sha daya sha kashi bayan wani.

The People ta Army da aka partially koma Kaluga - akwai zauna tare da 'yan tawayen kansa Bolotnikov, da kuma jera su cikin Tula - to Muromtsem gangarawa. A Kaluga, suka kewaye ta da sojoji na tsarist sojojin. Tã kawancen fara kwana. Tare da babbar asarar da 'yan tawayen gudanar ya karya, ta hanyar zuwa Tula.

Historical rubutu bayyana wannan yunkuri Bolotnikov taƙaice. Duk da haka, a cikin m wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, fina-finan da kuma zane-zane, da aka rubuta da kuma ya sa a kan wadannan al'amurra ne, za mu iya ganin yadda yawa tsoro, zafi, mutuwa ta kawo wannan yaki.

Tula shi ne na karshe birni inda suka yi yaƙi da 'yan tawaye da kuma sarauta sojojin. Tsarist sojojin, tarewa da kogin Upa madatsar ruwan zai sa mai girma ambaliyar ruwa a Tula. A sakamakon haka, bolotnikovtsy kadawa.

Tun Shumsky wai labari alwashin da 'yan tawaye sun amince su mika wuya, abin da ya "ba zubar da jini," abin da sarki ya yi sosai hikima. Ya gaske zubar da jini azabtar da ringleaders na haddin shari'a: Ivan Bolotnikov ya kõre su Kargopol, inda yake makantar da nutsar. Ileyku Muromtsa rataye, da kuma mahukunta Shakhovsky kan tilas tonsured matsayin m.

Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa wannan yunkuri da aka ci, saboda 'yan tawaye sun disorganized, a matsayin sarauta sojojin. Babbar debe shi ma iri-irin abun da ke ciki na 'yan tawaye da sojojin.