A Arewa Sea Route. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewa Sea Route. Ci gaban da darajar da kuma ci gaban da Arewa Sea Route

Rasha yana da muhimmanci marine yankunan a cikin Arctic. Ta hanyar wadannan expanses ta'allaka da Arewa Sea Route (NSR) - da musamman navigable gwadabe da wani ban sha'awa tarihi da kuma manya-manyan al'amurra.

Shahararren teku hanya da ke ta wurin Arewa

A Arewa Sea Route yana dauke da babban da kuma mafi muhimmanci thoroughfare na Rasha shipping a cikin Arctic zone. Ya ci ta hanyar tekuna sunã gudãna a cikin Arctic Ocean. Wannan hanya ta haɗu teku tashoshin jiragen ruwa dake a cikin Turai kuma Far Gabashin Rasha. A farkon na Arewa Sea Route - da Kara Gate. Ƙare karauka a Providence Bay. A total tsawon na Arewa Sea Route - tsari na 5600 km, karo na farko shi duka suka tafi moreplavatelnaya Swedish balaguro jagorancin Nordenskiöld a 1878-79 shekaru.

A Arewa Sea Route ne rayayye amfani da Soviet matuƙan a 1940-80-ies. A 70 na wannan babbar hanya da muka fara tafiya icebreakers. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet a can ya fara bayyana akai-akai waje kotu. The most tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewa Sea Route ne a Igarka, Dikson, Tiksi, Dudinka da Pevek Providence. Navigation aka gudanar da Department of Maritime Transport na Rasha Federation (a cikin Tarayyar Soviet yi Glavsevmorput, sa'an nan ma'aikatar Morflot).

Babban tashoshin jiragen ruwa

A Arewa Sea Route fara a cikin Barents Sea. Yana nan ya ci gaba a sauran ruwayen tekuna - Kara, Laptev da kuma Gabas Siberian kuma Chukchi. A kowane daga cikin ruwa jikinsu suna located da key tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewa Sea Route. Farko shi Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, to gabas - Dixon, a yankin na da Yenisei Gulf tasoshin ratsa Dudinka da Igarka, da fatar a cikin Laptev Sea - a Noordwijk, sa'an nan Tiksi (Delta na Lena), Ambarchik (bakin Kolyma), da kuma Pevek da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa a Providence.

Wadannan abubuwa na shipping kayayyakin more rayuwa, wanda aka located a bakin manyan koguna yi aiki a matsayin mai wucewa nufi ga kaya jiragen ruwa makõma. A Arewa Sea Route - mai babbar hanya tare da hawa katako, kayan aiki, da kwal, kayan gini, da abinci, furs. A tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan Arewa Sea Route aka saba yi maka a manyan icebreakers.

Matsaloli na ci gaba SMEs

Masana sun yi imani da cewa na zamanintar da Rasha Arctic ababen more rayuwa za su bukatar gwaji kudi da mutum zuba jari. Yana zai zama dole don inganta aiki a kan hydrography da meteorology, kafa wani tsarin na m kula da motsi na da kankara, samar da hukumomin gwamnati alhakin muhalli iko. Wajibi ne a kara da Moe albarkatun, inganta tashar jiragen ruwa kayayyakin more rayuwa.

Bugu da kari, manazarta ce, akwai mutane da yawa warware matsalar al'amurran da suka shafi game da normative-doka tushe gudãnar da motsi na jiragen ruwa tare da NSR. A fannoni da dama, wannan al'amari zai ƙayyade line mafi kyau ga kasashen waje masu zuba jari - kuma ba kawai a fagen kaya shipping, kamar yadda irin wannan, amma kuma a cikin m segments. Kamar, misali, Arctic yawon shakatawa. Akwai da yawa da suke so su yi tafiya zuwa Arewa iyakacin duniya, kuma kamfanonin daga Rasha iya zama a duniya, most kaya na wannan tafiya ayyuka.

Interest daga wasu kasashe

A cewar wasu masana, da ci gaba da Arewa Sea Route ne aikata prerogative na ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma a da dama wasu kasashen. Da farko, manyan ikokin na Asia-Pacific - China da kuma India. Showing amfani da wani kananan amma m jihohin - kamar Singapore. Wasu Rasha jami'an da shawara cewa muna bukatar doka da dokokin kasashen da motsi na Maritime kai zuwa kasashen waje shipping kamfanoni.

A halin da ake ciki, masana sun ce, za a iya wuya da matsayi na Amurka wanda ba la'akari da cewa key na Arewa Sea Route ne na musamman a Rasha iko. Haka kuma, bisa ga doka tsari na babbar hanya ko a Rasha babu yarjejeniya. Amma akwai lauyoyi suka yi ĩmãni da Rasha yana da kowane dama don sarrafa da nassi na jiragen ruwa tare da Arewa Sea Route ta cikin norms na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Yarjejeniyar a kan Shari'ar Sea, kafa a shekarar 1982.

A gwamnati na SMP

Babban gwamnati jiki da nufin tsara da kewayawa a cikin SMP - ne Administration na Arewa Sea Route, da tsakiyar ofishin aka located in Moscow. Bisa ga halaye na Rasha dokar, shipping a cikin ruwan bututun ne da za'ayi a cikin bayar da izni hanya. tasoshin masu dole ne amfani a gaba don amfani da NSR ruwaye. Administration na Arewa Sea Route la'akari da yanke shawara su kyauta ko ki da shi. Sha'awa, da aikace-aikace tsari ne quite sabunta hanyoyin: takardun za a iya aika electronically, da kuma, haka ma, a cikin harshen Turanci, wanda sosai dace ga kasashen waje seafarers. NSR Administration nazarin aikace-aikace cikin 10 aiki kwanaki kuma sanya ku amsar (a yanke shawara game da ko ko ba don bayar da yarda) a kan official website.

dama na kewayawa

Rasha Arewa Sea Route - hanya, inda akwai kewayawa dokoki tsare da dokokin na Rasha Federation. A da yawa da bukatun an ruwaito a cikin yanayi. Alal misali, idan jirgin ya zama a kan SMEs da crosses da West (Gabas) line, sa'an nan sau daya a rana cikin jirgin kyaftin dole ne ka aika zuwa ga Administration na Arewa Sea Route key bayanai game da jirgin.

Daga cikin su - da Gwargwadon tsarawa daga cikin jirgin, da shirya lokaci ciyar a cikin ruwan SMP, ainihin Hakika, gudun, kazalika da bayanai game da kasancewar kankara a kan hanya na jirgin. A kyaftin na jirgin za nan da nan sanar da Administration na NSR a kan gano kafofin gurbatawa. Wadanda iri kayayyakin da ba zai iya motsa a wani m taro na kankara, dole ne su yi hadin ayyuka tare da icebreaker jiragen ruwa da kuma zama a cikin m sadarwar da SMP gwamnati zuwa bi umarnin domin kara motsi idan ya cancanta.

NSR

Wasu matuƙan fi son ba ta yi aiki a irin wannan sharuddan kamar Arewa Sea Route, sun sauya shi da Kalmar "yanki". Sikelin da SMEs, haka mikawa cikin breadth na yankin teku na 12 mil da tattalin arziki sashi na free motsi tasoshin 200 ne mil dogon. Area SMP - daga Kara Gate zuwa Bering mashigar.

A Arewa Sea Route, bisa ga yawan seafarers - wani hadadden da dama shipping hanyoyi. Su daidai tsawon ba m da kuma dogara, yafi a kan yanayi canje-canje a cikin kauri da kuma wuri na Arctic kankara. A Arewa Sea Route - shi ne fiye da 70 babbar tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma maki. Akwai da dama Rasha yankuna (Chukotka, Yakutia Coast da kuma m yankuna) ga wanda NSR - kadai hanya a haɗa su tare da sauran mutanen kasar.

Nukiliya icebreakers a kan SMP

Saboda Gwargwadon da yanayin halaye na motsi na tasoshin a Arewa Sea Route shi yiwuwa ba tare da sa hannu na icebreaker jiragen ruwa. Yanzu je ta wurin NSR 6 nukiliya-powered icebreakers. Wannan rundunar tabbatar barga aiki na dukan teku hanya da kuma solves matsaloli da suka shafi inganta damar zuwa yankuna na Far Arewa na Rasha da kuma Arctic shiryayye. A cewar wasu masana, da Rasha icebreaker jiragen ruwa - Wakili ga tsaron kasa. Kamar yadda irin wannan, da icebreaking jirgin ne a kan 8,000 mil - daga Murmansk, Vladivostok da kuma kawo karshen. A gaskiya, biyu daga cikin mafi girma a kamfanoni tsunduma a shipping a NSR, rajista a wadannan birane biyu. A cewar wasu masana, da Rasha icebreaker jiragen ruwa ya kamata a karu. Wannan zai inganta tattalin arziki viability na babbar hanya don ƙirƙirar sabon jobs a cikin yankuna SMEs, don inganta halin da ake ciki tare da yawan hijirarsa zuwa Arewa.

tattalin arziki da al'amurra

A cewar wasu masana, SMEs ya zama ginshikin kishiya da Suez Canal da kuma sauran abubuwa na duniya most Maritime kayayyakin more rayuwa. A cewar wasu manazarta, matsakaicin damar SMEs - game da 50 ton miliyan na kaya a kowace shekara. Seafarers kansu imani da cewa SMP ne a kowace shekara fiye da kuma mafi m - musamman kan bango na aiki girma a man fetur da kuma iskar gas da kamfanonin a yankin na Yamal da kuma Arctic.

An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingantaccen amfani da hanyõyi, an yi ĩmãni to seafarers kamata sa masu zaman kansu masu zuba jari. Kuzarin kawo cikas ne kaffa: a 2010, da SMP ya kadai kasance 4 manyan jirgin ruwa, sa'an nan a shekarar 2011 - 34, da kuma a shekara ta 2012 - riga 46. Masana sun yi imani da cewa akwai kowane dalilin da ya sa ran kara girma a cikin aiki na shipping kamfanoni a cikin NSR ruwa - biyu Rasha da kuma kasashen waje.

rawar da jihar

A cewar wasu manazarta, kafin farkon 2000s, Rasha ya biya sosai kadan tasiri na ci gaba da Arctic a matsayin dukan da Arewa Sea Route musamman. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a jihar ta muhimmanci karu a wadannan yankunan. Fara bayyana sabon dokokin kiwata al'amurran da suka shafi dacewa ga ci gaban da yankuna m ga SMP. Wadannan trends, masana sun ce, sun fi mayar saboda da babban tarihi rawar da Rasha a cikin Arctic, da bege na jihar sake samu ta tsohon tasiri a cikin yankin. A shekarar 2008, shugaban kasar ya sanya hannu da wani muhimmanci daftarin aiki - "Manufofin Rasha jihar siyasa a cikin Arctic har zuwa shekarar 2020". Northern Rasha yankunan da shi gano a matsayin daya daga cikin key dabarun ajiyar ketare na kasar. Wasu kafofin SMP ne wani abu na kasa kai sadarwa. Akwai wani tushen dokar - "Strategy na bunƙasa tattalin arziki na Siberia", soma a shekara ta 2010. Yana Notes cewa ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun SMEs - a key factor a nasara ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin Siberian yankin.

Hankali daga China

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki 'yan kasashen waje game da kewayawa a cikin ruwan SMP - China, a haɗin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha wadda a' yan shekarun nan ya wadãtu da musamman dacewa. A cikin fall na 2013, wasu masana sun lura da wani ban sha'awa m, hade da nassi ta hanyar da Arewa Sea Route Yong Sheng jirgin ruwa. Sai ya juya daga cewa jirgin, fifita su tafi, ta hanyar da Rasha Railway, lashe game da makonni biyu idan aka kwatanta da idan swam ta hanyar gargajiya hanya for Sin matuƙan a tekun Indiya ta hanyar da Suez Canal. Hakika, shi ba zai iya shafar kara karuwa a cikin sha'awa na kasar Sin shipping kamfanoni don amfani da matsayin m hanya. Hadin gwiwa a cikin tsarin na kewayawa a cikin ruwan SMP ne rayayye tattauna tsakanin Sin da Rasha a gwamnati matakin.

Shugaban Rasha a kan SMP

The ban sha'awa na jihar a wani mafi m da tasiri ci gaban da Arewa Sea Route da aka gano a kusa da misali da shugaban kasar ta matsayi. Vladimir Putin ya umurci zartarwa gawarwakin janye a shekara ta 2015 yawa a kan hanyoyin SMP har zuwa 4 ton miliyan. Domin wannan tsari da za a speeded up da commissioning na sabon tasoshin iya faruwa ga kankara yanayi, kazalika da kankara-hutu - nukiliya da kuma dizal. Shugaban ya lura cewa, wajibi ne a hažaka da ãyõyin kayayyakin more rayuwa, Maritime kewayawa, da kiyaye jiragen ruwa. The duniya burin - don kunna hanya zuwa wani m ga kamfanoni a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje shugabanci. A yadda nasara zai zama da ci gaban SMEs, da shugaban kasa, ya dogara a kan hanyar da a nan gaba Rasha za su iya gabatar da nasu kasa bukatu a cikin Arctic.

Tamanin da NSR for Rasha

Vladimira Putina umarni ne daidai da janar gwamnati ta hanya dangane da yadda ya kamata a ci gaba da Arewa Sea Route. Ci gaban tattalin arziki da dama yankuna na Rasha ya dogara da shiri na kayayyakin more rayuwa zai zama yadda nasara SMEs - musamman a cikin Arkhangelsk Region, Siberia. A cewar wasu manazarta, da muhimmancin da Arewa teku hanya zuwa Rasha da wuya a overestimate. Domin mu kasa, da SMP - shi ne ba wai kawai wata alamar marine hanya, amma kuma da kayan aiki da za su warware mai girma da yawa a cikin Arctic yankin. Saboda haka, ko idan ta fuskar tattalin arziki da Arewa Sea Route ba zai zama kamar kudin-tasiri kamar yadda sa ran hukumomi, da masana, da kasar ta gwamnatin yi imani za su ci gaba da zuba jari a tashar jiragen ruwa kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma gina icebreakers - maida, idan ya cancanta, SMEs a dabarun tushe don tsaron kasa.