Liberalism - wannan rukunan 'yancin

Liberalism - shi ne mai zaman jama'a motsi da kuma zamantakewa da siyasa rukunan, wanda dogara ne a kan darajar mutum 'yanci daga dukkan duniyoyin rayuwa (na ruhaniya, tattalin arziki, siyasa, da dai sauransu).

Tarihi, m ideas an hade tare da mutum hali da dukiya, wanda tantance su zamantakewa matsayi da kuma adadin da suka samu zaman jama'a amfanin yiwu.

A farkon ideas, wanda bayyana kanta liberalism - shi tsufa tunani shugabannin. Da farko, koyarwar Socrates mai adalci jihar. Daga baya Roman Stoics ɓullo da ra'ayin a duniya dabi'ar mutum da kuma tsara postulates na ciki ruhaniya 'yanci na mutum da na halitta dokar.

Wadannan ra'ayoyi sun janyo hankalin musamman hankalin masana falsafa na 17-18 ƙarni. Da ra'ayoyi na Descartes, Spinoza, kuma Milton a cikin yanayin mutum a matsayin m da kuma zamantakewa kasancewarsa, jihar, addini da kuma na da hakkin ya zama akida dalilin kara raya Turai liberalism.

Muhimmanci ga cewa rinjayi bayarda halitta na postulates da kuma ra'ayoyin cewa za'ayi liberalism - a Protestant-sauye sauyen. Its wakilan sun bukatun dukkan mutanen da dama da 'yanci na addini. A wannan lokacin, rinjayar addini ya fara rasa ƙarfi.

Tare da ci gaban jari hujja samar da Yuan na kimiyya da ilmi ba, mulkin gargajiya dangantakar a kasar Birtaniya da kuma Faransa suka fara hanzari deteriorate. A gata na aristocracy zama mafi iyaka, sannu-sannu kafa wani sabon zaman jama'a aji - da bourgeoisie. Duk wannan ya kai ga nadawa na sabon akida, wadda aka halin da tsarin dabi'u. Su aiwatuwa a cikin, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin "liberalism".

Wannan lokaci da aka halin da cewa gabascin ga babban barazana ga mutum 'yanci a fuskar jihar. Siyasa aqidar na liberalism fara ka'idojin kamar bukatar kundin tsarin gwamnati dangane da rabuwa da iko a cikin zartarwa, majalisa da kuma na ~ angaren shari'a, girmama ya sami yancin yan Adam zuwa ga 'yancin addini, magana, ƙungiya a cikin kungiyar na siyasa yanayi.

Freedom aka fahimta ba kamar yadda mai cikakkar, amma don zama wata damar zaton kyauta, to zabi wani addini, don bayyana sirri views, to gama jam'iyyar, tafiyar da harkokin ciniki, a zabi shugabanni da kuma siffar gosustroystva.

A lokaci bayyana bayan a karon farko a Spain a 1812, da Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi kira da ƙungiyar mutanen da suka shirya da rubutu na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.

A Turai, na gargajiya liberalism ake dangantawa da ra'ayoyi na Turanci siyasa tattalin arziki ne wanda ya ginu da ra'ayin cewa tattalin arzikin ya zama free daga shisshigin gwamnati ba. Kamar yadda shugabanci na falsafa da tunani, liberalism bayar da shawarwari da ci gaban mutum himma. A tattalin arziki al'amari na da ra'ayoyin kubutar da bukatar free cinikayya, farashin, biyan bashin, wanda bayar a hade tsakanin su kasance a ta gasar tsakanin mutum kera a kasuwa.

Liberalism - shi ne ba kawai wani ilimi na yanzu. A fannoni da dama, zai zama mafi daidai kira da tattalin arziki, sociological da falsafa rukunan.

Bisa ga ideas na Rousseau da Locke, mutum yana da halitta hakkin ya sami yancin, wanda dole ne kare jihar. Proponents na wadannan ra'ayoyi suka Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Montesquieu da sauransu. Wadannan ra'ayoyi da aka nuna a cikin jawabi na Independence na Amurka a 1776, da hakkokin yan-adam a cikin 1789 da hakkokin yan-adam.

Liberalism da neo-liberalism da kakkarfan dangankata da su key guzuri. Last raya ra'ayoyi a tattalin arziki da kuma falsafa daga 1930s.