Ontology - a falsafa rukunan su data kasance

Ontology - a falsafa bincike a cikin yanayi na zama, zama a gaskiya, da asali Categories kasancewarsa da su dangantaka. A bisa al'ada shi ne dauke da wani bangare na irin wannan falsafa masana'antu a matsayin metaphysics. Ontology hulda da al'amurran da suka shafi cewa wanzu, da kuma yadda wadannan abokai za a iya harhada a cewar wani na kowa matsayi, raba bisa ga kamance da kuma bambance-bambance. Bugu da kari ga muhimman hakkokin ontology tafiyad da duniya dokokin rayuwa, akwai dama sub-ƙungiya, da ciwon kamar yadda ta abu da musamman mamaki (misali, ontology na al'ada).

The kalmar "ontology" da aka yi sama da Greek tushen "Ontos", wanda yake nufin "abubuwa. abin da shi ne "da kuma" tambura ", watau "Science, ka'idar, gudanar da bincike." Kuma ko da yake shi ne na Greek asalin, da farko ya ambaci kalmomin samu a texts aka rubuta a Latin. A Turanci ta bayyana a cikin kamus Natanielya Beyli a 1721, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wani m bayanin zama." Wannan, ba shakka, ya tabbatar da cewa a lokacin da kalmar ya riga a amfani.

A nazari falsafa ontology - rukunan, wanda ke tsunduma a kayyade da muhimman hakkokin Categories kasancewa da tambaya, "babu" a cikin abin da ma'ana iya da abubuwa na wannan category. Wannan binciken da nufin zama shi kadai, da ciwon babu dalili to gano, misali, mutum dũkiyarsu da kuma facts game da wasu abokai.

Ƙoƙarin magance matsalar ontology, wasu masana falsafa, musamman Platonists, kiyaye cewa duk sunayen (ciki har da m sunaye) koma zuwa zahiri data kasance. Sauran masana falsafa kalubalanci wannan ta turawa da ra'ayin cewa sunaye ba ko da yaushe ne ke jẽranta yake, amma wasu daga cikinsu nufa wani tunani don wani rukuni na kama abubuwa ko mamaki. Bisa ga latest, da hankali, maimakon nuna abubuwa, tana nufin wani rukuni na shafi tunanin mutum da mamaki, gogaggen mutum. Saboda haka, kalmar "al'umma" da ake dangantawa da na gama image na mutanen da suke da wasu halaye, amma da kalmar "lissafi" da ake dangantawa da wani takamaiman ilimi aiki.

Tsakanin wadannan tsakaitãwa, wakiltar hakikanci da nominalism, akwai da dama da sauran wuraren view, amma wani ontology - shi ne mai kimiyya, wadda ya kamata ba wani ra'ayin abin da Concepts koma zuwa gaskiya, abin da - ba, domin abin da dalilin da abin da Categories da muke da a sakamakon. Lokacin da wani irin binciken ya shafi Concepts kamar sarari, lokaci, dalilin, farin ciki, lamba, ikon da Allah, da ontology zama muhimman hakkokin dangane da yawa falsafa rassan.

Saboda haka, an ontology - a falsafa rukunan, wani manufa cewa zance ne matsalar da kasancewa a matsayin irin wannan. Abin da ake zama da kuma abin da za a iya kira da data kasance? Zan iya raba abubuwa cikin Categories, kuma idan haka ne, abin da? Mene ne ma'anar rayuwa, da darajar da abubuwa? Daban-daban gabascin cikin tarihin falsafanci ba daban-daban amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi, wanda zai iya yin tunãni a cikin yanayi na wani zamanin, ko kuma al'adu.