Lighting fitilu: iri, halaye, da manufar

Rayuwa na zamani mutum ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da yin amfani da wutar lantarki. A ranar, da girma da haske kafofin - iko. Game da 15% na jimlar adadin generated da wutar lantarki da aka cinye lighting maras motsi. Don rage ikon amfani, kara haske fitarwa da kuma mika rayuwar da haske Madogararsa, shi wajibi ne don amfani da mafi tattali kafofin haske, hankali bar mazan da unnecessarily makamashi-m takwarorinsu.

lighting fitilu

La'akari da al'ada rarrabuwa. Bisa ka'idojin lantarki kayan cikin sharuddan lighting da wadannan iri haske kwararan fitila: Iskar Wutar fitilu, ciki har da halogen fitilu kuma sallama fitilu, kazalika da LED, wanda a cikin past 'yan shekaru ana ƙara zama rare.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kwararan fitila ne daban-daban a cikin siffar, size, adadin ikon cinye da zafi canja wuri-na-rai darajar. Saboda haka, ka yi la'akari fitilu, da wutar lantarki lighting a more daki-daki da kuma sanin da amfani ko rashin amfani kowane irin.

iri fitilu

Wanne daga cikin fitilu ne cheap da kuma sauki ta yi aiki? Wannan shi ne duk saba Lagwani lighting - wani tsohon soja da yawa a cikin iyali kayan. Low farashin da kuma sauƙi na amfani sanya su m shekaru da dama. Su ba su ji tsoron canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, su nan take kunna da kuma dauke da wani m Mercury vapors. Nuna sãɓãwar launukansa fitilar ikon 25 zuwa 150 watts. Duk da haka, da yawan aiki sa'o'i a cikin irin fitilu ne low, kawai 1000 da kuma ikon amfani ne da ya fi yadda da makamashi-m takwarorinsu. A tsawon lokaci, a kan asusun na aikin da tururi fitilar ruwan tabarau zama hadari, kuma rasa haske. Saboda ba su da riba, da kuma ƙarshe ba su up. Alal misali, a da yawa kasashen Turai, da samar da kuma sayar da katse da kuma haramta doka ta.

reflector fitilu

An yi amfani da reflector kwan fitila. Suna da yawa kamar Lagwani kwararan fitila, da kawai bambanci - da silvered surface. Amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar directional haske zuwa wasu batu, misali, a cikin taga ko wani talla. Mark su R50, R63, kuma R80, inda adadin ya nuna diamita. Su ne sauki amfani, bayar da Threaded soket na E14 ko E27 misali girma dabam.

kyalli fitilu

Kamar yadda aka sani, ga lighting bukatar game da 15% na dukkan wutar lantarki generated. Yarda, shi ke mai yawa. Don rage wannan adadi ya zama wani motsi zuwa more man fetur-m haske kafofin. A karkashin halin yanzu doka, a 2014 ikon haske kwararan fitila kada wuce 25 watts. A wurin da ya saba Lagwani fitilar makamashi ceto mai kyalli zo cewa cinye biyar sau ƙasa da makamashi yayin da lighting matakin kasance iri guda. Abin da suke? Wannan gilashin kwan fitila ne fari, mai rufi a ciki tare da phosphor da ya ƙunshi wani inert gas da kananan adadin Mercury tururi. collisions tsakanin electrons da Mercury tururi samar da ultraviolet radiation, kuma shi, bi da bi, saboda da phosphor ne tuba zuwa cikin haske, wanda muna saba ganin. A sabis rai daga wadannan fitilu - for game da shekara, ko 10,000 sa'o'i na ci gaba da aiki. Amma lighting fitilu na irin wannan da wata babbar drawback: su dauke da Mercury. Saboda haka, da suka bukatar hankali sosai amfani da zubar da yanayi na musamman. Ba za su iya sauke ko kawai jefa a cikin shara - saboda, kamar yadda ka sani, Mercury tururi, ko a kananan yawa ne mai hadarin gaske. Bugu da kari, samun shiga cikin iska, ba su narke, da kuma zama makale, guba kome. Saboda haka, adadin Mercury tururi daga karye fitilar game da 50 MG ^{zuwa 3,} tare da wani m matakin na tururi maida hankali 0.01 MG / m ^3.

Wani hasara irin wannan fitilu: da launi na wasu daga cikinsu shi ne m ga idanu, lighting su quite m. Akwai wani bayani: a lokacin da zabi fitilu don la'akari da launi zazzabi. An auna a Kelvin (K). Saboda haka, mafi m, dumi inuwa ba da fitilar alama 2700K - 3000K, cewa wannan adadi ne mafi kyau duka ga mutum ido a lõkacin da aiki a ɗaka a matsayin mafi kusa da na halitta hasken rana.

A amfani da mai kyalli fitilu

Daga cikin babbar adadin lantarki akwai wadanda babban aiki - gudu ci gaba domin da yawa hours. Suna amfani da dakuna na wani irin: asibitoci, manyan kantunan, warehouses, ofisoshin. An yi imani da cewa mafi yawan haske kusa da na halitta, Saboda haka sunan: kyalli lighting.

Fitilu samar a cikin nau'i na wani elongated gilashi tube tare da lamba wayoyin a gefuna. Da suka kasance sunã yi amfani a cikin gida. Suna amfani da matsayin babban tushen haske a kan rufi, ko saka a kan bango a matsayin karin. Sosai dace, misali, a cikin kitchen, a kan aikin surface a lokacin da ka bukatar ka lafazi lighting ko matsayin ado lighting a maharibai, a karkashin shelves da hotuna, domin lighting aquariums, ko dumama na cikin gida shuke-shuke a lokacin sanyi kakar. sun yi aiki a kan wani hali cibiyar sadarwa da kuma bukatar wani musamman ikon converters. Irin wannan fitilu suna dauke su makamashi-m, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da wani Lagwani fitila, tsohon samfurori ne kusan babu zafi, cinye har zuwa 10 sau ƙasa da makamashi, da kuma wulakanta su lokaci ne game da 10,000 sa'o'i na ci gaba da aiki. Amma akwai wani gargadi: wannan ɗaukar hoto ana amfani da gida a zazzabi na 15-25 digiri. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, su kawai zai yi aiki ba. Bugu da kari ga fari da rawaya, wadannan fitilu iya emit wasu launuka: blue, ja, kore, blue, ultraviolet. A zabi na launi dogara a kan manufa da kuma aikace-aikace.

halogen fitilu

Don kwanan wata, ba a amfani da daya da irin kwararan fitila cewa cinye sau biyu ƙasa da makamashi fiye da waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Wadannan fitilu kasance a cikin aji makamashi m. Wannan halogen haske kwararan fitila ana amfani da ko'ina a rayuwar yau da kullum. Tare da m girma ne manufa domin yin amfani da lighting na'urorin kamar bene fitilu, bango fitilu, rufi fitilu tare da wani sabon abu da kumfa, domin ado gina-in haske. Domin cika wannan fitila kwan fitila, a cakuda musamman gas daga bromine ko aidin vapors. Idan aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa filament (tungsten karkace) ne mai tsanani, kuma yana ba luminescence. Ba kamar al'ada lantarki kwararan fitila, a nan tungsten lokacin tsanani ba shirya a kan ganuwar da flask, da kuma a tare da gas bada haske luminescence da tsawo, har zuwa 4000 hours. Irin wannan fitilu emit hasken ultraviolet, wanda shi ne mai cutarwa ga ido. Saboda haka, high quality-kwararan fitila da musamman m shafi. Su ne sosai kula ƙarfin lantarki saukad sosai da sauri iya kasa.

Energy-ceton fitilu

M da kuma makamashi-m haske Madogararsa yau su ne wadanda su ke amfani da su yi aiki a cikin 'yan sau ƙasa da makamashi, yayin da ba a rage ikon da generated da kwarara. Kamar makamashi-ceton fitilu da aka tsara don zama da ofishin sarari. Su ne m, kuma za a iya amfani da lighting na'urorin daban-daban.

Halaye na da irin wannan haske kwararan fitila: kuzari ne sau da yawa m fiye Lagwani kwararan fitila, karshe har zuwa 10 sau ya fi tsayi, ba zafi, babu flicker, babu kugi, karfi isa, kuma ba ya dauke da m aka gyara.

Daga cikin shortcomings za a iya bambanta: m dumama (2 har zuwa minti), aiki a zazzabi na ba ƙananan fiye da 15 digiri. Su ba za a iya amfani da waje a bude luminaires.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga LEDs

Amma daya daga cikin mafi m cikin sharuddan makamashi ceto LED zaton ko LED-fitila. A Turanci da LED - haske emittingdiode - «m-emitting diode." The haske fitarwa daga wadannan fitilu 60-100 LM / W, da kuma talakawan lifespan ne 30 000-50 000 hours. A wannan zamani lighting fitilu na irin wannan ba mai tsanani, kuma suke gaba daya lafiya don amfani. To, idan daya daga cikin kwararan fitila konewa daga, shi ba zai shafi aikin dukan inji, shi zai ci gaba da aiki.
Launi zafin jiki da quite bambance bambancen - daga m rawaya su kwantar fari. A zabi na launi dogara da yin amfani da gabatarwa da kuma mai ta zaba. Alal misali, ofishin ne mafi alhẽri a zabi wani haske fari da alamar 6400K, dace halitta haske, ba kamar yadda m, 4200K ga wani yaro ta dakin, kazalika ga bedroom - kadan rawaya tint, 2700K.

Kuma wani da: ba su da babban hasara na kyalli fitilu: kugi da flicker, da kuma idanu da wannan haske sosai dadi. sun yi aiki a kan wani al'ada 220 W da Fitted tare da wani misali soket E27 da E14.

A amfani da LEDs a cikin gida

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ko da shekaru goma da suka wuce, ba su ma zama irin wannan abu a matsayin LED fitilu ga gida. Yadda za a zabi da kuma shigar da su, da zan iya gaya fãce wani auto makaniki - domin suna da aka yi amfani da yafi a gaban mota na mota da kuma haske. Yau, da amfani da su gida ya zama haka saba da cewa ba mu ko da tunani game da zabar tsakanin LED-fitilu kuma tsohon-style fitilu, don haka da zabi ne na fili, da kuma ba a cikin ni'imar da karshen. The haskaka: LED fitilu halin yanzu - akai, don haka dumama halin kaka ne kadan. Saboda haka, ba su zafi sama da yadda hasken rana fitila, zai iya bauta wa shekara da shekaru. Ko da shike sun high kudin, su ne m don amfani. By cinyewa ƙasa da makamashi, wadannan fitilu iya taimaka wajen rage adadin wata-wata biyan bashin da wutar lantarki. Af, da zabar LED haske kwararan fitila ga gida, kamata ya yi la'akari da wannan bambancin a mulki. Akwai daya m. Kana bukatar ka sani da ikon cinye ta hanyar lighting fitila, janar manufa, da kuma raba shi da 8. Alal misali, idan ka canza al'ada fitilar 100 watts, sa'an nan 100: 8 = 12.5. Saboda haka kana bukatar wani LED fitila ikon 12 watts.

Wani babu kasa muhimmanci bangaren - irin haske maras motsi da daban-daban da zazzabi. Daga wannan adadi ya dogara kan yadda dadi lighting zai ba LED lighting fitilar a cikin dakin. Na data kasance tabarau na fari haske ne mafi kyau duka ya dafa a cikin kewayon 2600-3200 K da kuma 3700-4200 K. Wannan haske ne m, mafi kusa da na halitta hasken rana da kuma faranta wa ido. Don nuna 6000 bada sosai sanyi fari ya dafa, da kuma kasa da 2600 K - yanã raunanar da rawaya. Wadannan tabarau ne cutarwa ga ido, wani mutum samun gaji da sauri, kana iya samun ciwon kai da kuma illa wahayi. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci sosai saya kawai high quality-LED fitilu ga gida. Yadda za a zabi, gaya shawara a store, kazalika da samar da duk dole ingancin takardun shaida.

Kamar shi ko a'a, da kuma LED fitila ne m, a da yawa hanyoyi.

- Yana jan sau da yawa kasa da wutar lantarki.

- A aiki, shi ne ba mai tsanani, kyale ta yin amfani da flammable kayan, msl, a cikin eaves, dakatar da rufi. A manyan yawan wadannan kwararan fitila ba overheat iska a cikin dakin.

- Wadannan kwararan fitila ba ƙona, da kuma ƙarshe kawai rasa su haske zuwa game da 30%.

- Dogon sabis rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15.

Saboda haka da ciwon wani ra'ayin abin da iri kwararan fitila suna sanin su main halaye, amfani ko rashin amfani, za ka iya amince je mafi kusa store. Amma akwai wani muhimmin batu, tare da abin da har ma da sauki sauyawa daga cikin kwan fitila zai zama ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan duk, don karba fitila ga lighting na'urar, kana bukatar ka san abin da irin ta soket. Ta wajen da fitilar hula ne lazimta da harsashi da cewa yana daukan lantarki halin yanzu a cikin fitilar.

Karba daidai soket

Domin yi na hula ta amfani da wani karfe ko tukwane. A aka sanya a cikin lambobin sadarwa da cewa aika da wutar lantarki yanzu zuwa aiki abubuwa na na'urar. Kowane lighting naúra tana sanye take da daya ko fiye da harsashi don hawa fitilu. Yana da muhimmanci cewa samu hula fitilar harsashi wasan. In ba haka ba zai yi aiki ba.

Duk da iri-iri iri iyakoki da kwararan fitila a cikin rayuwarsu ta kullum sau da yawa amfani da iri biyu: Threaded kuma fil.

Threaded soket kuma ake kira dunƙule. Title daidai watsa ta connection Hanyar da harsashi na lighting na'urar. An ci da gumi a cikin haske kwararan fitila, wannan thread ne amfani a kan bãyan tẽkun. Amfani ga alama da harafin E. Wannan irin da ake amfani a nau'o'in fitilu a iyali kayan. Irin wannan iyakoki da suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin size. Saboda haka, sa alama hula, bayan da Latin harafi E nuna manufacturer ake bukata diamita na Threaded connection. A rayuwar yau da kullum amfani da biyu masu girma dabam na kwasfa sau da yawa - E14 da E27. Amma akwai kuma karin iko haske kwararan fitila, misali, ga titi lighting. Su yi amfani da wani soket E40. The girman da Threaded sadarwa ya zauna canzawa ga mutane da yawa da suka gabata. Ko a yanzu, zaka iya maye gurbin al'ada haske kwan fitila ƙone fitar a cikin wani tsohon chandelier zuwa more tattali, haske-emitting diode. The girma na tafiya da kuma harsashi da suka dace da daidai. Amma a Amurka da kuma Kanada soma wasu sigogi. Tun da irin ƙarfin lantarki ne 110V a gare su, domin su kauce wa yin amfani da Turai-style fitilu diamita hula ne daban-daban: E12, E17, E26, kuma E39.

Wani irin iyakoki da amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum, wannan fil. A mariƙin shi ne tsayayyen ta biyu karfe fil. Suna aiki ne kamar lambobin sadarwa da cewa aika da wutar lantarki ga haske kwan fitila. A dari ne daban-daban a diamita da nisa tsakanin su. Ga alama amfani Latin harafi G, bi da dijital] aukar ne rata tsakanin fil. Wannan G4 soket, da G9 da kuma G13.

Yanzu za ka iya amince ci gaba a gyara. Kuma sai sake inganta ko gina sabon ganuwar za a iya yi kawai don kwararru, amma zabin da kuma maye haske kwararan fitila za ka iya rike da kanka da kyau.