List of kankara a Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi

Rocks ne ma'adanai da su mahadi. Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin wannan duniya tamu ba tare da ma'adanai a zahiri kafa shi.

grading tsarin

Ware wani babbar dama jinsunan breeds kasu kashi kungiyoyin. Genetically rarrabe:

• sedimentary.
• metamorphic.
• magmatic.

Recent rabo wani uku azuzuwan:

• plutonic.
• hypabyssal.
• volcanic.

Subgroups za a iya raba:

• m.
• matsakaici.
• asali;
• ultrabasic.

Kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga tara cikakken jerin dutse, shan la'akari duk data kasance jinsunan a duniya, don haka da yawa daga cikinsu. A wannan labarin, za mu yi ƙoƙari ga tsarin da bayanai game da mafi ban sha'awa da kuma kowa iri.

Metamorphic kankara: jerin

Wadanda kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi hali na na ciki tafiyar matakai. Tun hira faruwa a lokacin da abubuwa a cikin m lokaci, suna gani unnoticeable. A lokacin miƙa mulki, canja tsarin, irin zane, abun da ke ciki na asali dutse. Irin wannan canje-canje ya faru, kana bukatar mai kyau hade da:

• dumama.
• matsa lamba;
• sakamako gas, mafita.

Akwai metamorphism:

• yankin.
• The lamba;
• hydrothermal.
• pneumatolytic.
• metamorphism.

Da wadannan ne jerin dutse jerin abjadi domin wannan rukunin na ma'adanai.

amphibolites

Wadannan ma'adanai suna kafa ta hornblende da plagioclase. A farko tef ne classified kamar yadda silicate. Gani amphibolites - a shale ko iri-iri na launuka daga duhu kore ga baki. Launi dogara a kan yadda yawa daga cikin duhu-canza launin aka gyara su ne ba a cikin abun da ke ciki na ma'adinai. Secondary ma'adanai na wannan kungiya:

• gurnetin.
• magnetite.
• titanium;
• zoisite.

gneiss

A da tsarin, gneiss dutse sosai kusa. Gani rarrabe waɗannan biyu ma'adanai daga juna ne ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu, kamar yadda dutse da gneiss kofe na nufo shi a jiki sigogi. Amma Farashin ne muhimmanci ƙananan gneiss.

Gneisses ne yadu samuwa, don haka nema a yi. Ma'adanai ne bambance bambancen da kuma na ado. Yawa shi ne high, don haka da dutse za a iya amfani da a matsayin kankare tara. Lokacin da wani kananan porosity da kuma low ruwa sha gneiss sun karu da juriya ga misãlin. Tun yashewa ne ma kananan, da yin amfani da ma'adanai da aka yarda a matsayin ta.

shales

Yin jerin dutse, a tsakanin metamorphic tabbata a ambaci schists. Ware irin wannan iri, irin su:

• lãka.
• crystal.
• talc.
• chlorite.

Saboda da sabon abu tsarin da ilmi na dutse, a 'yan shekarun nan, allo tas ya zama wani makawa ado kayan amfani a cikin shiri.

Shales - a wajen babban rukuni, wanda yin sama da kankara. List of jinsunan sunayen da aka rayayye amfani da mutãne daban-daban dalilai (yafi a cikin shiri, gyara, maimaitawa):

• siltstone.
• zlatalit.
• serpantinitovy.
• gneiss.
• phyllitic da slates.

quartzite

Wannan dutse ne da aka sani da ƙarfi, tun ma'adini ne kafa tare da Bugu da kari na impurities. Kafa quartzite sandstone lokacin da na farko abubuwa na ma'adinai ma'adini maye gurbin lokacin yankin metamorphism.

A yanayi, quartzite samu wani m samuwar. M impurities:

• hematite.
• dutse.
• silicon.
• magnetite.
• Mica.

A arziki adibas ake samu a cikin:

• Amurka.
• India;
• Rasha.
• Canada.

Babban fasali na ma'adinai:

• jure sanyi, zafi, yanayin zafi.
• ƙarfi.
• aminci, muhalli da kyakkyawar mu'amala;
• karko.
• juriya ga alkalis, acid.

Philly

Ba kalla a cikin jerin dutse ne da mulkin phyllites. Sun riga sun mamaye wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin lãka kuma Mica schists. The abu ne mai yawa da kuma lafiya-grained. A wannan yanayin, a fili crystalline duwatsu, suna halin da pronounced schistosity.

Phyllites da silky Sheen. A launi makirci - black, inuwõyinta suna kusa, launin toka. Ma'adanai raba cikin bakin ciki slabs. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na phyllites saki:

• Mica.
• sericite.

Iya zama hatsi lu'ulu'u:

• albite.
• andalusite.
• rumman;
• ma'adini.

Rich adibas na phyllite a Faransa, Ingila da kuma Amurka.

Sedimentary kankara: jerin

Ma'adanai na wannan kungiya suna located, yafi a farfajiya. Domin samuwar wadannan yanayi dole ne a hadu:

• low zazzabi.
• ruwan sama.

Akwai uku kayyade subtypes:

• clastic wakiltar m duwatsu kafa karaya kankara.
• yumɓun, da asalin wanda ake dangantawa da canji na ma'adanai kungiyoyin "silicate" da "aluminosilicate".
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. Irin wannan shaida tafiyar matakai an kafa tare da ya dace da mafita. Wannan ne ma shan wani aiki part ba kawai microscopic kwayoyin, Organic abubuwa. A muhimmiyar rawa na sharar kayayyakin.

Daga chemogenic release:

• halides.
• sulfate.

List of kankara a cikin wannan subgroup:

• gypsum.
• anhydrite.
• sylvinite.
• rock gishiri.
• carnallite.

A mafi muhimmanci sedimentary kankara:

• Dolomite, farar ƙasa-kamar m.
• Farar ƙasa kunshi potassium carbonate da admixture daga cikin wannan adadin inclusions da magnesium. Sigogi na ma'adinai range, ƙaddara da abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin, kazalika da ma'adinai irin zane. A key fasalin - ƙara rates na compressive ƙarfi.
• Sandstone kafa ma'adinai hatsi juna abubuwa na halitta asali. Karko dutse dogara a kan admixtures da kuma a kan abin da abu ya zama m.

volcanic kankara

Tabbata ga volcanic kankara da za a ambata. A jerin irin wannan kayan, ciki har da a nan da ma'adanai kafa a lokacin volcanic eruptions. A wannan release:

• effusive.
• clastic.
• volcanic.

Sinfi na farko, kuma aka sani da volcanic dutse, sun hada da:

• andesite.
• basalt.
• diabase.
• liparite.
• trachea.

By pyroclastic, cewa shi ne detrital, rank:

• breccia.
• tuffs.

Kusan cikakken Tsarin Harafi Bayan jerin volcanic dutse iri:

• anorthosite.
• dutse.
• gabbro.
• diorite.
• dunite.
• Komati.
• latites.
• monzonite.
• obsidian.
• pegmatite.
• peridotite.
• perlite.
• pumice.
• rhyolite.
• syenite.
• tonalite.
• petrosilex.
• slag.

Organic kankara

Daga ragowar abubuwa masu rai suna kafa ta kwayoyin duwatsu, da jerin wanda shi ne gaskiya ta fara da mafi muhimmanci abu - alli. Wadannan kankara kasance a cikin riga tattauna a sama sedimentary kungiyar da ke da muhimmanci ba kawai cikin sharuddan applicability warware daban-daban adam ayyuka, amma kuma kamar yadda wani mai arziki archaeological abu.

A mafi muhimmanci subspecies na da irin wannan dutse - alli. Shi ne yadu a san da kuma rayayye amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum: shi aka rubuta a kan allon, a makarantu.

Mel kafa calcite, wanda ya rigaya kunshi bawo rayu a zamanin da tekuna coccolithophorids algae. Waɗannan su ne microscopic kwayoyin a yalwace inhabiting duniya tamu da ɗari shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. A wannan lokacin, da algae iya iyo da yardar kaina cikin sararin ƙasa da dumi teku. Mutuwa, microscopic kwayoyin fadowa zuwa kasa, kafa wani m Layer. Wasu yankunan ne mai arziki a adibas na sediments, akwai daruruwan mita a kauri da kuma more. A mafi kyau a san su ne alli tuddai:

• Volga.
• Faransa.
• Turanci.

By nazarin Cretaceous kankara, masana kimiyya sun samu burbushi na su:

• tẽku urchins.
• Shellfish.
• Sponges.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, wadannan inclusions - ne kawai 'yan bisa dari na jimlar bincika alli, don haka da cewa irin wannan gyara ba zai shafi sigogi na irin. Bayan nazarin Cretaceous adibas, da fanning binciken kasa obtains bayanai game da:

• shekaru irin;
• da ruwa shafi cewa yana can kafin;
• yanayi na musamman da cewa a baya wanzu a cikin karatu yankin.

Igneous kankara

Karkashin magmatism ne fiye gane a matsayin totality of mamaki sa da magma da ayyukan. Magma - a silicate narke, ta halitta ba a cikin ruwa tsari, kusa da wuta. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na magma akwai wani babban kaso na maras tabbas abubuwa. A wasu lokuta, akwai nau'in:

• ba-silicate.
• nizkosilikatnye.

Lokacin da magma cools kuma crystallizes, akwai igneous kankara. Su kuma ake kira igneous.

Ware irin:

• intrusive.
• effezivnye.

Da farko ya kafa a babban zurfi, da kuma na biyu - a lokacin da shigowa, watau kai tsaye a duniyar tamu ta surface.

Sau da yawa kamar yadda wani ɓangare na magma yana da wani iri-iri na kankara, narke da kuma gauraye da silicate taro. Wannan tsokani:

• kiwon da yawan zafin jiki a cikin ƙasa ne thicker.
• pumped matsa lamba;
• hade da dalilai.

A classic version na magmatic kankara - dutse. Riga ya sosai sunan a Latin - "wuta" wakiltar cewa irin a asalin jihar da aka musamman zafi. Dutse ne sosai yaba ba kawai ta fasaha sigogi (wannan abu ne mai wuce yarda m), amma kuma saboda kyau, saboda crystalline inclusions.