Litattafan mafi kyawun litattafan zamani

Mafi littattafai - dangi lokaci. Good buga edition a lokacin - shi ta aikin, ya kawo mutumin kwanciyar rai, shawara, ilmi, hikima, thrills. Saboda haka, da kayyade factor ne da gamsuwa na wani bukatar littafin karatu.

Ga wasu mutane, shi ne m kawai qware adabi: wani shirin, kimiyya, fasaha, likitanci, masana'antu. Amma a maimakon haka, shi ne abinci na tunani. Duk da haka, har yanzu yawancin masu karatu sha'awar art littattafai. Su taimakawa ga samuwar ruhaniya al'amari. A su za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Art littafin - na musamman da sabuwar dabara. Galaxy na gabascin daga daban-daban sau da yanayi dazamani amintacce takarda su fatan, kallo, fahimtar gaskiya, rayuwa, bil'adama. Abin lura, a lokacin da wadannan marubuta fara m images tare da zurfi da kuma musamman quotes (wani lokacin - a shekaru goma da suka wuce, da kuma wani lokacin - karni) haskaka rayuwar mu Sahaban!

Da muhimmancin da Rasha gasar "Littafi na bana"

Yanzu wallafe-wallafen aiwatar a Rasha musamman hayayyafa, ku kuma yana da halayyar dabiu na lalacewar:

• kerawa tafi fiye da haka: marubuta sau da yawa rubuta kawai game da wani abu, muddin mai karatu so.
• maye gurbi na harshe ma'ana styles.
• da manufa na hade da impromptu marubucin bidi'a da al'ada.
• texts zama alamu na mahara yadudduka, interactivity.
• adam yanayi Zagayawar wani m, ba a sani ba, m.

Shiryar da wallafe-wallafen aiwatar a sanyata hanyar, don kauce wa yashewa na kasa da kasa da ta da shi sosai talented farkon - da overarching matsala na zamani Rasha al'adu. An nuna alama daga cikin nasarar da littattafai, wanda rubuta mu Sahaban ne shekara-shekara na kasa gasa daga cikin irin "Littafi na bana." Suna shirya a domin ta tuntubo biyu da marubuta da kuma wallafa.

Alal misali, a cikin Rasha gasar a 2014, bisa ga al'ada a gudanar a tsakiyar watan Satumba, an samu halartar 150 wallafa sallama zuwa ga hamayya fiye da ɗari biyar littattafai. Cin Nasara da aka sanar a takwas Categories:

• litattafan - labari "mazaunin" (Zahar Prilepin).
• shayari - translation na Shakespeare "King Lear" (Gigoriy Kruzhkov).
• almarar yara - da labarin "Ina galloping doki zakara?" (Svetlana lawa).
• Art littafin - "Kargopolskaya tafiya" (ta shirya da gida gine-gine da kuma Art Museum).
• Gabatarwa Humanitas - m da kuma shirin album "Lermontov" (Jihar Archives of Arts da Haruffa).
• E-littafi - kafofin watsa labarai aikin "Yasnaya Polyana" da "Yaroslavl Ibada" ( "Sputnik" Ofishin ayyukan).
• gabatarwa "buga a Rasha" - da album "reshe. Littafi al'ada ".
• babban kyauta na gasar "Littafi na shekarar 2014" - da uku kundin "Rasha a yakin duniya na" (wata tawagar 190 bincike jami'o'i, gidajen tarihi, archives).

Don takaice: da muka ambata a sama manufofin da gasar ne don inganta matsayi na wani littafin a halin yanzu na rayuwar zamantakewa. ihisani ga mafi mawallafa da kuma wallafa. A shekara goma sha shida ta zama ba, wannan taron ya tabbatar da ta himmatuwa rawa wajen ci gaban na Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

A kalla, suka zabi ga Rasha marubuta, wanda iya kiranta litattafansu:

• 2004, gabatarwa "litattafan" - "Gaske naku, Shurik" (Lyudmila Ulitskaya). gabatarwa "bestseller" - "Night Watch" (Sergey Lukyanenko).
• 2005, gabatarwa "litattafan" - "Volteryantsy da Voltairiennes" (Vasily Aksenov).
• 2011, gabatarwa "litattafan" - "My leftana" (Daniel Ganin).

International littafin ratings

Kamar yadda muka ambata, mafi kyau, mafi m littattafai, godiya daskarar a wadannan tunani ne ga masu karatu real abokai, da mashawarta, da farin ciki. Kuma rubuta marubuta kira litattafansu.

By iyawa mafi kyau littattafai sanar a makarantu da kuma jami'o'i, suna yadu da aka nakalto, kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum.

Modern gaye Trend yi ratings na duk da na kewaye da mu, ba a kare da kuma wallafe-wallafe.

A kalla a kan Internet kewayawa detects da dama iri na "mutum ɗari mafi kyau littattafai."

Wadannan lists da wasu darajar. Godiya a gare su, da novice karatu zama sauƙin samun for karanta gaske mafi kyau littattafai tsakanin dubun, kuma dubban daruruwan kayayyakin. Idan mutum ya ji su gibba a cikin ilmi daga duniya na al'ada (wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin gida da kuma waje adabi), irin wannan rating iya zama hanya map.

Wane irin shugabanci a zabi irin wannan jagora? Idan kai ne da gaske sha'awar duniya adabi, za mu bayar da shawarar yin amfani da daya daga cikin ratings for versions:

• Birtaniya Broadcasting Company (BBC).
• Birtaniya jaridar The Observer.
• Union of Writers na Rasha.
• Faransa jaridar Le Monde.
• American m Modern Library.
• Norwegian littafin kulob din.

Hakika, da kamfanin dillancin labarai na kowace kasa, jeri mafi kyau littattafai, kokarin yin jerin saman wuraren biya mawallafa-kasa. Kuma shi ne barata. Bayan talanti gane litattafansu, don ƙirƙirar su Masterpieces daga zamanin d duniya zuwa yanzu, a gaskiya, m. Kowane daga cikinsu, a kansa hanya ne hanya zuwa ga zuciya daga cikin masu karatu.

The sabon abu zo mana bayan shekaru dubbai: da adabi da tarihin duniya

A jerin litattafan da ke sun sauko mana ta hanyar millennia da kuma wasiyya da sauran yanayi dazamani, shi ne wajen da iyaka. Duk da haka, da suka bayyana a yau martaba. Saboda haka, muna rubuta game da su. Abin baƙin ciki, tarihi bai kiyaye da tsoho library: Al'ummai suka yi yaƙi da littattafai, kazalika da abokan gaba. Saboda haka, misali, shi da aka halakar da wani mai arziki library na Alexandria, lambobi zuwa 700.000 Papyrus littattafan.

Abin da littattafai na kakanninmu-litattafansu kamata a ambata na farko, da yake magana da tsoho duniya? Hakika, da daraja a Latin cancanci Publius Vergilius Maro, author of "The Aeneid", da kuma a zamanin d Greek - Homer, author of "The Odyssey" da "Iliad." Shiryar da ka'idar Virgil, Rasha masanin kimiyya da kuma mawãƙi Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov ɓullo da accentual-syllabic ayar tsarin, wanda aiki a matsayin wata ƙaddamar kushin domin kara raya Rasha shayari.

Duk da haka, ba kawai Virgil da Homer dauke da tsoho litattafansu. Latin yi aiki a matsayin Horace, Cicero, Kaisar, kuma a Greek - Aristotle, Plato, Aristophanes. Duk da haka, shi ne su biyu a baya aka ambata da sunan ga mafi girma har zai gabatar da adabi da tarihin duniya.

Books Turai da epoch na jari hujja samuwar

Harkokin waje na adabi, ba shakka, samar da fiye da cikakken jerin marubuta, fiye da Girka da kuma Ancient Roma. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta da saurin ci gaban da kasashen Turai.

France su babban juyin juya halin da ya tada rayuwa da romantic mutum alheri ga 'yanci, daidaito, fraternity. A cikin adabi na Jamus, ya fara kafa ta statehood, a unison, Faransa kuma ta rinjãya romanticism.

A bambanci, masana'antu, urbanized da siyasa da barga Birtaniya - da lady tekuna - ya nuna ya fi iko da girma da wallafe-wallafen tsari, ya jingina zuwa ga labarun almara.

An kullum yarda da cewa mafi yawan sanannun marubuta wanda aka buga ayyukansu a Faransa a lokacin - shi ne Viktor Gyugo ( "Les Miserables", "Notre Dame") da kuma Zhorzh Sand ( "Consuelo").

Duk da haka, da yake magana da Faransanci taimako ga duniya adabi, ya kamata mu ambaci sunayen Alexander Dumas ( "Iron Mask," "The Three Musketeers", "The Count na Monte Cristo"), Voltaire (waka "Agathocles"), Charles Baudelaire (tarin waqe " Paris baƙin ciki "," Flowers na sharri "), Moliere (" Tartuffe "," The Bourgeois Gentleman "," A yi rõwa, ") Stendhal (" Perm makõmarsu "," Red da kuma baki "), Balzac (" Gobsek "," Evgeniya Gande "" Godis-hula "), Prosper Mérimée (" The tarihin lokacin Charles cikin IX "," Tamango ").

List of littattafai a romantic, hali na farkon bourgeois Turai zai ci gaba, Ya ambaci ayyukan da Spain da kuma Jamus. A m wakilin Spanish gargajiya adabi ne Cervantes ( "The m Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha"). Na Jamus litattafansu shahara Johann Wolfgang Goethe ( "Faust", "Wild Rose"), Genrih Geyne ( "Travel Harz"), Friedrich Schiller ( "hada baki da Fiesco a Genoa", " 'Yan fashi"), Franz Kafka ( "Babu "," tsari ").

Romantic kasada littattafai-jefar da ayarinsa hakikanin rai, da labarin da aka bisa ga ayyuka na kwarai heroes, a m yanayi.

A heyday na Birtaniya adabi

A cikin XIX karni majalisar "hoto yanayin" a kan Turai nahiyar bisa ga Burtaniya marubuta a kan dama. Faransa mawallafa qaddamar da Great juyin juya halin, bayan faduwar Napoleon Bonaparte ni'imtar da ita a kasa.

The English da nasu adabi hadisin. A XIV karni, dukan duniya gane da baiwa da William Shakespeare da kuma m zamantakewa ideas na Thomas More. By tasowa nasu adabi a cikin mahallin barga masana'antu al'umma, British mawallafa a cikin XVIII karni fara da hujjar rikidar halittar gargajiya courtly romance (romantic) zuwa ayyuka na zamantakewa, m.

Su ne mafi hadin fiye da Faransa, kokarin amsa falsafa tambaya: "Abin da yake mutumin, da kuma cewa irin wannan mahaluži" Wadannan sabon gabascin fara Daniel Defoe ( "Robinson Crusoe") da kuma Dzhonatan Svift ( "Gulliver"). Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, kasar Birtaniya ya gano wani sabon Trend na romanticism, kamar yadda ya nuna ta Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, marubucin ayyukan "Don Juan" da "yaron Harold ta Pilgrimage."

Wallafe-wallafen da labarun almara hadisin a farkon rabin na XIX karni powerfully raya wadannan sanannun marubuta:

- brilliantly talented Charles Dickens (wanda daga baya F. M. Dostoevsky kira malaminsa).

- ilimi na musamman, to stoically shari yunwa da talauci, Charlotte Bronte, mafi kyau a san labari "Dzheyn Eyr".

- mahaliccin duniya shahara Sherlock Holmes - Arthur Conan Doyle.

- Thomas Hardy, suka runtume kolenonepreklonenny sayar da kafofin watsa labarai ( "Tess na HALITTAR Deberviley").

Rasha adabi na XIX karni zinariya. Mai babban sunayen

Classic Rasha adabi hade a duniya da fari da sunayen Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo, Antona Pavlovicha Chehova. Ko da yake a general a cikin XIX karni (cewa an kullum yarda) Rasha adabi juya a cikin mafi m al'adu sabon abu na duniya matakin.

Bari mu misalta sama. Indisputable litattafansu zama Tolstoy ta style of rubuce-rubuce litattafan. Alal misali, American marubucin Margaret Mitchell ya rubuta sanannun almara "Gone Tare da iskar", yin koyi da salon da Leo Tolstoy.

An kuma yadu a gane a duniya da mafi misali sokin tunani muhimmi a Dostoevsky. A musamman, da sanannun masanin kimiyya, Freud da'awar cewa babu wanda a duniya ba zai iya faɗa masa abin da sabon game da ciki duniya na mutum, da kõwa fãce Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Kuma Chekhov ta} ir} wahayi zuwa marubuta fara rubuta aikin, bisa duniyar da hankula mutum. A musamman, mashawarta Birtaniya marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Bernard Shou dauki kansa ya almajiri. Saboda haka, kasashen waje adabi a cikin XIX karni da kuma ya na da karfi akida abubuwan gina jiki, da kuma sabon vector na ci gaba Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

Saboda haka, abokaina, to karanta "yaki da zaman lafiya", "Anna Karenina", "Laifuka da azãba", "Aljanu", "The Cherry Orchard," "The tsuntsun seagull" - your alfarma wajibi.

Lura a kan Literary ratings

Gaskiyar shine cewa daga cikin daruruwan mafi kyau ayyukansu zauna wani gagarumin wani ɓangare na littafin, rubuta a cikin XIX karni. Wannan wadannan marubuta yanke hukuncin karatu a cikin makarantu, wanda ci gaba da inertial da unnecessarily barga manhaja.

Shin wannan gaskiya ne? Nisa daga gare shi. Shi ne mafi kuxi don canja manhaja, shan la'akari da dandani real kyau readership. A cikin ra'ayi, ba wani karami rabo fiye da ayyukan da XIX karni, da manhaja kamata dauki aikin marubuta na XX da XXI karni.

Classic Rasha adabi a yau - shi ne ba kawai da ayyukan Pushkin, litattafan Gogol, Turgenev, amma littafin Mihaila Bulgakova, Victor Pelevin. Mun gangan bayyana tunani a alamance, ambata kawai 'yan sunayen shahararrun kasida da marubuta.

Kiwon da topic: "Abin da irin littattafan - mafi kyau", shi ne m zuwa fadada a kan ayyukan litattafansu na yanzu da kuma baya ƙarni.

A mafi kyau littafin a kan version na Air Force. A m look

Da farko wuri a cikin ranking daga cikin mafi kyau littattafai, bisa ga BBC, daukan wani labari trilogy Dzhona Ronalda Tolkien ta "The Ubangijin Zobba." Mu biya musamman da hankali ga wannan labarin, wannan aikin-fantasy. Books tare da wani irin zurfin binciken da na mãkirci, dangane da tsoho Legends, ne sosai rare.

Abin da shi ne manufar da rating masana irin wannan high scores? Lalle ne, Oxford University farfesa ya Spellbinders concelebrated Birtaniya girma sabis. Ya aka sosai da kuma fahimce karatu da almara na Albion (mini ne warwatse da kuma fragmentary), a alamance magana, rasplel shi a kan wani thread da suke saƙa a cikin wani hadade manufar gwagwarmaya tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Don ce abin da ya yi shi brilliantly. A musamman da suka bambanta da trilogy nuna wani m hujja. Da zarar marubucin "The Ubangijin Zobba" bayan da lacca zo zuwa wani fushi masanin kimiyya abokin aiki da ake zargi da marubuci na plagiarism.

Modern almarar, watakila yau, iyalinsu da babu irin wannan ƙungiyoyi. Abokan hamayyarsu na marubuci ya bayyana isasshiya, ya kawo rude marubucin "The Zobe" unknown karshe kofe na zane na zamanin d tarihin Birtaniya, wanda jũna a misalta aiki na Tolkien.

Wannan shi ne guda! Daya mutum ya yi cikin ba zai yiwu ba - mu hada, shirya, da kuma, na karshe amma ba ko kadan, wanda ake iya nuna kwatanta da zamanin d almara na mahaifarsa. Ba abin mamaki ba Koroleva Elizaveta II bayar da lakabi na girmamawa na Chevalier na marubuci a kasar Birtaniya.

Wasu daga cikin sauran littattafai a kan rating to BBC

A bisa ga al'ada, a cikin harshen Turanci ranking bayani ya hada da classic littattafai na XX karni, kamar Anglo-wallafe-wallafen Amirka karanta (litattafan)

• Yara almarar trilogy "Ya Dark Materials" (Philip Pullman).
• "Don kashe wani Mockingbird" (Harper Lee).
• "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell).
• "Rebecca" (Dafna Dyumore).
• "The catcher a cikin hatsin rai" (Selindzher Dzherom).
• "The Great Gatsby" (Frensis Fitsdzherald).

A cewar Rasha masu karatu

Abin da kima ne ba a rating a Burtaniya gaskiya forums Rasha littafin masoya? Amsar ne takaice: shubuha.

Isasshe high ci aka bai wa samfurin na marubuci George Orwell. Domin da yawa masu karatu fi so littafin an m al'amarinsu tare da wani unpredictable mãkirci - "Rebecca." By karanta wa yara za su iya bayar da shawarar da tafiya labarin wata yarinya daga Oxford Lyra Belakva na dama halittu na Filipa Pulmana.

Duk da haka, akwai isasshen m comments. Alal misali, ga m nagartaccen karatu, son wadannan littattafai-litattafan, dukansu biyu idon basira da kuma sufi Bulgakov ta labari "Master kuma Margarita", wani aiki na "Doctor Zhivago" by Boris Pasternak, kazalika da "Fikinik a hanya" da kuma "The Tsosayi City" ta Strugatsky 'yan'uwa, to sa shi mai laushi, ba cikakken bayyana fifiko sharudda BBC martaba.

Samun real: mu ne ba muna kokarin rage m darajar da yawan talented litattafan da nau'in "Kama-22", "The Great Gatsby", "The catcher a cikin hatsin rai" a lokacin da furtawa gaskiya: su Genre - akida labari. Sai dai, da ma'ana magana, ba za su iya zama masu gasa da kuma mnogoproblemnomu girma aiki "The Master kuma Margarita"?

Irin littattafai-litattafan, consistently m daya kawai tunani marubucin, ya kamata a kimanta a kasa! Bayan duk, su zurfin ma'anar farko iyakance zuwa niyyar, bã tãre da ƙarfi, Multi-girma. Saboda haka, bisa ga mu masu karatu, shi ne gaba daya m m sakawa labari ideas a cikin littafin jerin a wurare sama da rated "yaki da zaman lafiya", ko kuma "Maigida, kuma Margarita".

Modern Books Postmodern

Postmodern littattafai su ne a yau watakila a ganiya da shahararsa, tun suna da akida antithesis na stagnating mabukaci al'umma. Modern marubuta, postmodernists dissected a kusa da su mabukaci salon, cike da soulless talla da kuma m m kyau.

Irin wannan akida mawallafa sun ma koshi America. Gane a gida a matsayin gaskiya connoisseur na mabukaci jama'a da matsaloli na Italian asalin marubuci Don Delillo (labari Underworld, «White surutu"). Wani Italian masanin kimiyya, farfesa semiotics University of Bologna, Umberto Eco, immerses da karatu a don haka a hankalce-arziki masana'anta na samfurin ( "Foucault ta Pendulum", "suna na Rose"), ya halittun bukaci ilimi masu sauraro.

Lalla ~ postmodern nuna wani marubucin. Daya daga cikin wakilan na zamani da Rasha adabi, wannan Trend ne Boris Akunin. Books na wannan zamani classic ( "The Kasadar Erasta Fandorina", "Azazel", "The Kasadar Sister Pelagia") da'awar da janar karatu, har ma da yin fim. Mutane da yawa sun lura da ikon iyawa daga cikin marubucin, ya masterful style, da ikon haifar da nishadi da labaru. A cikin tattaunawa, ya nuna musamman sirri falsafa Gabas hali.

Last musamman m cikin "Jade beads" da "Diamond karusarsa".

Abin lura shi ne cewa, zane mai karatu ya jami'in labarin, faruwa a cikin sauran shaci tarihi Rasha events, bai guje da matsaloli na talauci, cin hanci da sata zamani classic Akunin. Da littattafanSa, duk da haka, ba su tsara a cikin m tsarin na tarihi labari. A cikin West, wannan salo na litattafan kira jama'a-tarihi.

A shekara-shekara batu na ma'ana da farko da manufar "zamani Rasha adabi" shi ne 1991. Tun wannan lokacin, da dukiya da talakawa da masu karatu karfe aiki yau, iyalinsu rufaffiyar sittin mawallafa:

• "Sandro na Chegem" Fazil Iskanda.
• "A Island na Crimea" Vasily Aksenov.
• "Live kuma tuna" Valentin Rasputin.

Bayan su zo su adabi, ta zamani, marubuta, wanda Outlook aka qaddamar sake fasalin kudin. Bayan da muka ambata a sama Boris Akunina, haske da kuma sauran Rasha adabi farko girma taurari: Victor Pelevin ( "Littafin Lissafi", "Life kwari", "chapayev kuma wõfintattu", "T", "Empire B") da kuma Lyudmila Ulitskaya ( "Case na Kukotskiy '' naku da gaske, Shurik "," Medea da ta yara ").

Modern fantasy littattafai

Zai yiwu wata ãyã daga lalacewar shi ne remake na romantic Genre, farfado a cikin nau'i na fantasy. Cewa akwai kawai wani sabon abu daga m jerin litattafan game da Harry mai ginin tukwane daga Dzhoan Rouling! Yana da gaskiya: duk abin da yake baya ga square daya, romanticism recaptures rasa ƙasa a hakikanci!

Duk yadda da yawa ce cewa hakikanci da zarar (a 30-ies na XX karni) Romanticism niƙa su zuwa ga mutuwa, komai nawa ya boye rikicin, kuma shi ne mayar da a kan doki! Yana da wuya ba ya lura. Bari mu tuna kawai daya daga cikin classic ma'anar adabi style: "kwarai haruffa a sabon abu yanayi." Ne karshen bayani da aka ba a cikin ruhu na fantasy?! Abin da kuma ya ƙara ...

Abin lura shi ne cewa a halin yanzu Rasha mawallafa suke rubuta fantasy littattafai, yadu rare da nuna wani babban wallafe-wallafen matakin. Don karanta masu karatu za su iya bayar da shawarar da wadannan ayyuka na wannan Genre:

• "Night Watch", "Ranar Watch" (Sergey Lukyanenko).
• "An haramta Reality", "A Linjila na Beast", "Catharsis" (Vasily Golovachev).
• Da'ira litattafan "Asirin City" zagayowar "enclaves" (Vadim Panov).

Ka tuna kuma da shahararsa a Rasha, "The Witcher" fantasy jerin ta Polish marubuci Andrzej Sapkowski. A takaice, da littafin-kasada yanzu baya cikin ni'imar da masu karatu.

Shawarar littattafai da marubuta daga wasu nahiyoyi

Neman hanyar da forums na Rasha karatu, za mu samu cewa, daga cikin fitattun marubuta na XX karni, da yawa kasa ambaci maras Turai da kuma wadanda ba American littattafai. Duk da haka, akwai kuma sosai mai haske da kuma talented ayyukansu:

• "Daya shekara ɗari da kawaicin da nake yi" (Colombian Gabriel García Márquez).
• "Woman a Dunes" (Abe Kobo Japan).
• "Jiran da dabbanci" (Afrika ta Kudu Dzhon Kutzee).

ƙarshe

M almarar! Littattafan mawallafa (ma'ana - mafi kyau), da talakawan mutum, da rashin alheri, ba a priori su iya karanta cikin ransa. Saboda haka muhimmiyar kewayawa a wani iyaka littafin "teku". "Me ya sa shi - musamman karanta?" - tambaya da uninitiated mutane ...

Za mu amsa: "Eh to ado da rayuwa, don samun wani real aboki! Bayan duk, da littafin - da shawara da kuma inspirers, da kuma ta'aziyya.

Kammala, mun lura cewa idan kun kasance m isa a nan gaba a sami a kalla wani dozin littattafai, kowanne daga abin, kamar kunna cokali mai yatsu, shi ne manufa domin ka, ka zuciya a wasu yanayi, za mu dauka cewa da gangan ya yi aiki a kan wannan labarin. Ka ji dãɗi da karatu!