Live maganin: description, iri, yadda ya dace da kuma amfani da

Ƙirƙiri aiki rigakafi da wasu tsanani cututtuka taimaka alurar riga kafi. A halin yanzu, wannan hanya ake gane matsayin da ya fi tasiri ga taimaka wajen hana ci gaban daban-daban pathologies nauyi kamuwa da cuta, kwayan da kwayar halitta. A live maganin taimaka wajen haifar da dogon-m rigakafi. Wannan musamman form shirye-shirye domin allurar rigakafi yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages da wanda kowane dole zama Mai ƙididdigewa.

Mene ne live maganin?

Don ƙirƙirar live alluran tambaya attenuated damuwa na pathogenic kwayoyin wanda fara radiyo a shafin na allura. Irin nufin cikakken riƙe su immunogenic Properties. Clinical manifestations da cutar allurar rigakafi tare da live alluran ba (a mafi yawan lokuta). Maganin kamuwa da take kaiwa ga samuwar na gwada barga rigakafi da tsarin: da humoral, salon salula da kuma secretory.

Samun rauni (attenuated) damuwa iya zama saboda inactivation na gene cewa shi ne alhakin da virulence na kananan kwayoyin. Domin inactivation yin amfani da sinadaran da jiki sakamakon. Mutane da yawa live alluran ake samar a bushe siffan. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don mika su shiryayye rai. Bushe live alluran za a iya adana fiye da 12 months a ba yawan zafin jiki (2-8 ° C). wani lokacin shi ne isa don gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi da zarar ya halicci m rigakafi.

A iri-iri na live alluran ne bamban maganin. A su yi amfani da kwayoyin da aka haɗa dangi da kamuwa da cuta pathogens, amma ba su iya haddasa cutar. An misali na irin wannan maganin - BCG, shi ne samu daga Bovine tarin fuka mycobacteria.

abũbuwan amfãni

Idan aka kwatanta da maras rai magani, kwayoyi tare da cutarwa kwayoyin attenuated damuwa da dama abũbuwan amfãni:

• A m kashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
• Rapid ci gaban rigakafi.
• Samun hanyoyin daban-daban, da gabatar da a cikin kwayoyin.
• Iyakar halitta immunogenicity.
• High dace (idan amfani da daidai).
• Low cost.
• Babu membobin preservatives.
• Rayar da na iri daban-daban na rigakafi.

A disadvantages na live alluran

A cewar kwararru attenuated damuwa na pathogenic microorganisms cewa ana amfani da su haifar da alluran da cewa zai iya sa da ci gaba da wannan cuta (da wuya ya faru). Wannan ne dangana ga gaban a wani haƙuri sosai rigakafi.

A live maganin ne sosai kula da zazzabi canje-canje. Saboda haka, mummunan dauki na jiki ne kusan makawa idan sakaci da aka sanya a kan daidai ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Har ila yau, washe haka maganin iya gaba daya rasa su ikon ba sa babu albarkacin dauki da kwayoyin.

Doctors bayar da shawarar kauce wa hada wani live maganin da sauran magunguna ga grafting. In ba haka ba, za ka iya ci gaba m halayen da kwayoyin ko wakili zai rasa ingancinta.

A live maganin da cutar shan inna

Mai tsananin cutar ne cutar shan inna, wanda rinjayar da kwakwalwa da kuma laka. A Pathology take kaiwa zuwa jijiya lalacewa kuma inna. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, a live maganin (allurar OPV) da aka ɓullo da masana kimiyya, iya kare mutane daga wannan mummunan cuta.

A wajen samuwa a cikin ruwa tsari da kuma ne aka yi nufi ga baka gwamnati. Yana yana da wani m-m dandano, sabili da haka a wata landfill rika kauce wa lamba tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan harshen. A miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata ka je da amygdala (akwai wani dandano buds), wanda ya fara da samuwar barga na rigakafi da tsarin. Alurar riga kafi tare da wani live maganin bada shawarar bayan anfani da inactivated.

A cewar reviews immunologists maganin ƙunshi dukkan iri uku cutar shan inna, wanda taimaka kare jiki da duk aka sani bambancin da wannan cuta. Matsalolin magani ne musamman rare. Duk da haka, da yawa iyaye kokarin kauce wa maganin alurar riga kafin yaro tare da wannan maganin.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Sabin maganin (allurar OPV) bayan shiga jiki har abada adana a cikin hanji, kuma Yanã da samuwar rigakafi, kamar daya wanda za a ci gaba bayan da cutar. A farko alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a cikin shekaru 6 watanni. Pre-toddlers alurar riga kafi tare da wani inactivated maganin sau biyu - a 3 da kuma 4.5 watanni. A sakamakon haka, ya kamata mu fara nuna antibodies iya gane da kuma kare jiki da da pathogen. Live polio maganin stimulates samar da interferon, wanda kuma yana da kyau sakamako a kan rigakafi da tsarin.

reviews

A lokacin da gudanar da bincike an gano cewa, fiye da nagarta sosai inactivated allurar OPV maganin. Doctors bayar da shawarar m auku cikakken makirci na maganin alurar riga kafin cutar shan inna da kuma bukatar yin amfani da live attenuated maganin. A daidai wannan lokaci iyaye ne a wani sauri zuwa yarda da yin amfani da wannan magani. Wannan shi ne saboda hadarin illa: maganin-hade da cutar shan inna, zazzabi, tada kujera, asarar abin mamaki a cikin wata gabar jiki, Gait tashin hankali.

Hakika, amfani da live alluran iya tsokana m halayen. Duk da haka, irin haka suna da wuya rubuta. Iya shafi yara haife tare da immunodeficiency, nakasar munanan na gastrointestinal fili ko ya raunana da tsaro tsarin, misali bayan fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. A cikin wadannan lokuta, da damar amfani da kawai inactivated maganin.

Yadda za a kare da cutar kyanda?

Kyanda ne mai matuƙar cutar, wanda zai iya zama kamuwa da wani mutum, ko da jinsi da shekaru. Kamar yadda wani yaro, da Pathology da aka canjawa wuri da yawa sauki. Don samar da wata barã'aa zai rayu kyanda maganin. Single-bangaren maganin samar da gida manufacturer. Har ila yau tasiri an dauki Indian-yi maganin.

Yana nufin samar a cikin wani nau'i na bushe foda, wanda aka diluted tare da wani na musamman da sauran ƙarfi. Shirye lamba za a iya adana wani fiye da awa daya. Allurar rigakafi tare da wani monovalent maganin hana kamuwa da cutar, ko don canja wurin shi a cikin wani sauki hanya.

Shirya farko lamba nuna yana da shekaru 12-14 watanni. Sake-shigar da maganin dole 6 years old. Akwai yiwuwar mutum inoculation jadawalin, wanda ya sa wani immunologist.

Contraindications da kuma rikitarwa

M m dauki ga gwamnatin live kyanda maganin ne bayyanar cututtuka irin su zazzabin, fata rashes, kumburi Lymph nodes, tari. Masana sun yi da'awar cewa wannan shi ne quite wata al'ada dauki.

A yara, wadannan cututtuka su ne nadiri. Amma, gabatarwar live kyanda maganin yana da kyau jure. Kafin alurar riga kafi wajibi ne, likita yayi nazari da yaro (adult haƙuri) da kuma fitar da mulki gaban contraindications (m da kuma wucin gadi). Yana da muhimmanci cewa mutumin da ya cika Fit. Maganin ba a yarda ya shiga mata a matsayi na mutane da tarihi da tarin fuka, da kuma rikitarwa sa ta gabata alurar riga kafi.

Alluran rubella

Wani yara ta cuta, wanda shi ne quite wuya a gudanar da adult ne rubella. Maganin (live) yana dauke da mafi tasiri wajen hana kamuwa da cuta. A musamman hadari Pathology ne ciki.

Live maganin (daya-bangaren) samar a Croatian, Faransa da kuma India masana. Bisa ga feedback illa yawanci faruwa a manya wanda aka alurar riga kafi attenuated maganin. A kadan karuwa a Lymph nodes, wani rauni, zazzabi, fata na gaggawa da aka gudanar a kan rana ta biyu.

Mutane yiwuwa ga abin da ya faru na tsanani rashin lafiyan halayen, shi ne shawarar da za a duba kwararru bayan gwamnati.