Maria Cantemir: biography, iyali. Last soyayya da Bitrus da Great

'Yar Maria {asar Moldova Prince Cantemir - latest fi so na Bitrus I. Su romance fara riga a makara rayuwa na farko Rasha sarki. Yana da aka wuya ta fada mãkirci da aure to Catherine I. Peter Mary ya zama ciki da sarki, amma da ta haifi jaririn nan ya mutu. Farka tsira autocrat for 32 shekaru.

iyali

Maria Cantemir aka haife shi a 1700 a cikin iyali na da Harshen Maldavian prince Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira. } Ananan yara, ta ciyar a Istanbul, inda mahaifinta, wani babban mazaunin. A 1711 Dmitry m rantse da Rasha Tsar. Bitrus I sa'an nan fara da Prut yaƙi, don ya karfafa Black Sea da kuma raunana Turkish sultan, wanda talakansa ya kasance kafin Cantemir. A soja yaƙin neman zaɓe ya gaza. Bitrus na yi rajista da wani unfavorable yarjejeniya, da {asar Moldova defector zauna a Rasha (Bitrus ya kira su "m, kuma a cikin Majalisar ta ikon").

Wadannan da misali mahaifinsa Maria Cantemir, tare da Romanian Tushen, ya samu wani Greek ilimi. Ta san Latin kuma Italian harsuna, ilmin taurari, asali lissafi, rhetoric, falsafa da kuma tarihi. Karanta a Ancient Greek tsoho adabi ya bude mata. Ta kasance m na zane da kuma music.

Motsi a Rasha

A 1711, Maria Cantemir iyali koma Kharkov, kuma ya kasance a Moscow a 1713. Bugu da kari, mahaifinta da aka sanya manyan kadarori a Sevsk, kuma Kursk kananan hukumomi. Place a matsayin na dindindin iyali zama ya kauye kusa da birnin Moscow tare da taka rawar sunan Black Datti. An located a kan hanya da ya kai ga sabon babban birnin kasar na St. Petersburg. Da ya zama na waɗansu Estate na Prince Vasily Golitsyn - a fi so gimbiya Sophia.

Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna kwana a wani katako, gidan, wanda aka gina a cikin tsohon Rasha style. Floor, da gangaren rassanta, shi kuwa yana da daban-daban daga gargajiya gine na yaro. Mary har ya zuwa samu duniya, sãbuwa. Rasha ya fara koyar da ita ya karanta da kuma rubuta sanannun marubuci kuma fassara Ivan Ilyinsky. Soyayya na karanta Mary kuma ya bayyana godiya ga uwar Cassandra, ƙãra mai yawa da halayen kirki. Shi ne ta ke da alhakin ilimi na yara a cikin wadanda lokaci a lokacin da yara na uba ba zai iya ba. Maria ya na da 'yar'uwa da hudu yan'uwa Smaragd: Matiyu Constantine, Sergey da kuma Antakiya (suka yi juna game da yanayin).

Istanbul malami

Wani malamin cewa ya rinjayi al'adar karshe mace Petra Velikogo, Anastasius bayyana Kondoidi. Wannan mutumin nan Greek firist, da alaka da ransa tare da Cantemirs iyali da baya a lokacin da ta rayu a Istanbul. A Turkiyya babban birnin kasar na wata Rasha Tsar, a matsayin sa ran, shi ya kasance a hankali conspiratorial leken asiri cibiyar sadarwa. Anastasios Kondoidi shagaltar da wani muhimmin matsayi a cikin Moscow m jamiái. Ya bayanai ya ratsa jami'in diflomasiyyar Petra Tolstogo. Tare da duk-m Count Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna zai kula da dangantaka riga a cikin babban birnin kasar.

Amma Kondoidi, shi wanda ya yi gabatar da unguwa da Italian al'ada (firist ya ciyar da yawa lokaci a cikin Apennine sashin). Leƙo asirin ƙasa Anastasia ya sa tuhuma a Istanbul, kuma ya ya gudu daga Ottoman Empire. Ya aka sake saduwa da Cantemir bayan da isowa a Rasha, kuma a cikin tsufa da sunan Athanasius zama m.

Rayuwa a Moscow

Har yanzu quite matasa uwa Maria Cantemir Cassandra mutu a 1713 yana da shekaru 32. Gudun hijira dora mata, da kuma gwaji dangantaka da tafi da kuma kona sun gurgunta da m kiwon lafiya. The yara zauna a kula da uba. Ya ba su dukan lokaci, har sai da aka motsi Cantemirs a Petersburg. Dalilin kuwa shi ne haduwa da Dmitry Konstantinovich, da Bitrus.

A 1717 da sarki ya iso birnin Moscow, inda ya rayu for 2.5 watanni. Yana daya daga cikin mafi wuya lokaci a cikin rayuwarku ta autocrat. A kan Hauwa'u na da iyakar gudu da dansa Alex. Yanzu sarkin kokarin komawa zuwa mahaifarsa Count Tolstoy, da Bitrus a cikin wani mummunan yanayi a Moscow. A farkon 1718 aka bi da wani m renunciation na kursiyin Alexei. Bikin na rashi na da hakkin ya kursiyin ya faru a cikin Cathedral na ɗauka. Sa'an nan Bitrus da Dmitry Kantemir fara sadarwa yawa fiye da kafin. Tsohon {asar Moldova m fara m sarki. Abin baƙin ciki, da batun su hira yanki a lokacin da ya zauna a asiri.

Saba da sarki

Domin da farko lokacin da Maria Cantemir ga Bitrus na a cikin 1711 lokacin da Prut yaƙin neman zaɓe, a lokacin da shi da matarsa Catherine ziyarci {asar Moldova babban birnin kasar na Iasi. Personal saba gudanar a 1717-mita a mahaifinsa kewayen birni gidan. 1 Bitrus, magance su iyali harkokin (dawo Tsarevich Alexei mutu a kurkuku), da kuma samu kawar da yawa daga cikin kusa da jami'ai, da wanda ya ake zargin na cin amanar kasa. Yanzu sarki ya bukatar sabon mutane. Wannan gaskiya ta bayyana ƙalubale Dmitriya Kantemira a St. Petersburg.

Kuna hukunta da yadda Harshen Maldavian sarkin ya m motsa, ya ba ya so ya bar Moscow. Duk da haka, ba ya iya ƙaryatãwa game da m sarki. Da zaran ya kafa babban birnin kasar ya tare da shi da kuma yara, ciki har da matasa Maryamu. Petersburg maraba da baƙi unprecedented a Moscow game da high jama'a. 57-shekara bafadan fadi cikin soyayya da kyau Anastasiyu Trubetskuyu courtier, wadda ya aura in an jima. Bayan wannan m bi da bi Princess Maria Cantemir tilasta yin umurni ban kwana da tsohon ikon da rufaffiyar rayuwa.

A babban birnin kasar,

Petersburg mafi haske rai halaye bisa sarki. 1 Bitrus iya tsayawa ba da Moscow patriarchy, kuma Ya sanya wani sabon babban birnin kasar mazaunin Yammacin kwastan. Domin Mary, wanda aka haifa a Moldova, wannan umarni kasance fi m. Ta ba tare da so ba sama ta yawan Gabas dress da kuma sa a kan gaye Turai tufafi a Petersburg.

Dmitry Kantemir da ya matasa matarsa da 'yarsa ya saba sauka a sarki bikin. Peter kaunace don tsara majalisai, na tsere kan da kuma raye-raye. Musamman m sun holidays in winter 1721-1722 gg., Ya zo ne bayan da Rasha nasara a kan Sweden a Arewa War. Kafin Bitrus a cikin past biyu shekarun da suka gabata, ya kasance kullum a kan hanya ko a cikin sojojin. Ya rayu a kan rashin tausayi jadawalin kuma kamar samu aiki, ta hanyar da ƙasa. Yanzu yana da wani mako na unprecedented bikin. Sun juya a kira su da apotheosis na wanda dade kwanaki da dama m dodo. Maria Cantemir da Bitrus farko hadu sau da yawa a cikin wannan taba-kawo karshen idi. Bugu da kari, da suka ga juna saboda hadin gwiwa aikin sarki da Prince Dmitry.

Sultana

Fiye da su daura wa juna Maria Cantemir da Bitrus? Da farko {asar Moldova Princess aka sosai ilimi, da kuma musamman da bukatunsu na talakawa da kuma sanannen Rasha mata na wancan lokaci. An sani cewa Bitrus yana da fadi da erudition da son sani. Ya kasance m kimiyya da kullum kai ga wani sabon abu. Bugu da kari, Mary ya daban-daban daga mata a kusa da cewa akwai mutane da yawa baki, kuma musamman Greek a cikinsa. A kan na waje na 'yan mata, kusan kome da aka sani. Its tarihi hotuna da aka fentin posthumously da yake a fragmentary bayanai Sahaban.

A yarinya da sauri biyayya da fara'a da Bitrus. A halin yanzu, Maria Cantemir mahaifin aka je en aure yarinya. Hannuwanta tambayi Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. Dmitry K. ya ba da amsa, amma Maria, wanda tuni ya wani al'amari tare da Sarkin sarakuna, ya ki ango. Ya kamata a lura cewa Sarkin ya rayu a cikin aure. Yana da mata - a nan gaba Empress Catherine I. Sai ya ba kawai matar sarki. Catherine zauna dogon lokacin da aboki na autocrat. Wife tare da shi a kan soja da yakin da bã Ya jin kunya daga harkokin jama'a. Sauya shi ya ba da sauki.

ciki

A 1722 Dmitry Kantemir rubuta wani cikakken wasika zuwa ga sarauniya, a cikin abin da ya bayyana, ya da wani ra'ayin game da 'yar wani autocrat. Duk da haka, Malaman tarihi da masana tarihi yarda a ra'ayi, cewa yariman aka kwance. A matsakanci tsakanin shi da kuma Catherine shi ne guda Count Pyotr Tolstoy, sani na da rikici. The m tsohon m fatan cewa Sarkin sarakuna Petra Velikogo lover ƙarshe zai zama matarsa, da kuma Cantemir Romanovs kuma gama a wani dynastic aure.

Plans Dmitry Konstantinovich kusa da aiwatar da su, a lõkacin da aka koya cewa Maryamu tana da juna biyu. A halin yanzu, Peter ne gaji na farar hula rayuwa da kuma kafa game da shirya wani yakin a Farisa. Za gabas, shi ya ɗauki shi da 'yarsa Dmitry kamar yadda suite. Cantemir bukatar wani sarki ya yi wani roko ga Turkish harshen for mazaunan iyakar yankunan da Farisa.

m bayarwa

The balaguro fara a Farisa daga Astrakhan a watan Yuli 1722. Peter 'yan watanni makale a cikin wani sabon yaki. Duk da yake da shi ba, Mary, ya zauna a cikin Astrakhan, haife. Ta yarda yaron, amma da yaron ya juya ga zama wanda bai kai ba, kuma da sauri ya mutu. Bayan mutuwar jariri shirin Dmitriya Kantemira Bitrus ta aure 'yarsa marmashe. Haka kuma, a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe a Farisa Prince ya tsanani da rashin lafiya. Ya kasance nan da nan tabes (daga wannan cuta mutu yar'uwarsa Mary Smaragd).

Cantemir dogon lokaci bai yi kuskure ya bar Astrakhan. A karshe, shi tabbatar da karfi hunturu hanya. A farko da iyali da aka tsara don samun zuwa Moscow, amma a kan hanyar juya a cikin wani Estate a cikin zamani Dmitrovka Orel. Akwai Dmitriyu Konstantinovichu ya zama ko da muni. Mahaifin Maryamu ya mutu a kan Satumba 1, 1723.

Bitrus mutuwa

Princess Maria Cantemir, wanda biography wani misali ne na ƙi farka, ya karbi gādonsa, amma aka zahiri saki daga yadi. A wannan wuri, ta yi dumu-dumu a cikin iyali al'amura. A yarinya bar hudu ƙaramin yan'uwana maza da mata sosai kankanin daga biyu aure na mahaifinsa.

A halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska a cikin kaka na 1724. Catherine ta fara wani al'amari tare da kyamara-yar jam'iyyar kadet Villim Mons. A wannan batun, shi ya zama sananne ga sarki. Peter Na mummunan cikin fushi. Ya kashe Mons, amma bai magance matata, wanda shi ne ba da daɗewa kafin ya aka lashe da kuma sanya waliyyinsa a kan karaga. Duk da haka, da dangantaka da aka halaka. Sa'an nan Bitrus sake sanya abokai da Maria Cantemir. Duk da haka, da wannan lokaci sarki fi so sadarwar da aka ba ƙaddara ta ci gaba. A farkon 1725 autocrat ya fadi da rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu.

Daga baya rai

Tare da mutuwar da Bitrus Maria ya zargi. Duk da haka, shi dade wani gajeren lokaci. Lokacin da ta mutu a cikin 1727 Catherine I, gimbiya sake zama courtly adadi. A farko ta zauna a St. Petersburg, amma sai ya koma Moscow kusa da 'yan'uwansu waɗanda suka yi aiki a farko Al'arshi. Maria dadin ni'imar Natalia - 'yar'uwar Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus I, da kuma na gaba mai mulkin Anna Ivanovna a 1830 sanya ta bawa na girmamawa.

Cantemir taba aure. Ta iyali dangantakar da aka iyakance zuwa kula da 'yan'uwanku da mahara kai kara, tare da uwar rana-guda shekaru. A batu na hujja bayyana, ba shakka, sun gaji. A 1730 Mary D. kunshe ne a cikin nasu gida Moscow wallafe-wallafen salon. Don ta courted da mataimakin gwamnan St. Petersburg Fedor Naumov, amma aka ki.

'yan shekarun nan

A 1741, Mary ya halarci sa kambi na Elizabeth, wanda ya hau gadon sarautar bayan wani fada juyin mulki. Daya daga cikin Duchess 'yan'uwa, Antakiya, ya koma Paris. Yan'uwa kiyaye ban sha'awa domin masana tarihi rubutu a zamani Greek kuma Italian.

A 1745, wani fi so na Bitrus I samu Ulitkino Estate kusa Moscow, inda ya warkar shiru daukar rai. Akwai ta gina wani sabon coci, da kuma a cikin nufinsa ya bayyana cewa, yana so ya bayyana a shafin na cikin Haikali sufi. Maria ya mutu a kan Satumba 9, 1757.