A look at tattalin arziki da sake fasalin na nineties

Domin fiye da shekaru ashirin a cikin Rasha jama'a ba ya gushe muhawara game da bukatar da zaɓuɓɓuka saboda m tattalin arziki da sake fasalin da ya faru a cikin nineties. Ra'ayoyi iyakacin duniya.

Kuma Gorbachev ta perestroika da Yeltsin ta sake fasalin, Gaidar, Chubais wasu e helluva yawa da ilimi 'yan asalin kasar ko da ya kira farkisanci. Ba yawa tunani kan ma'anar kalma.

A fascia, wanda aka kafa ta ajalin farkisanci, tare da latyni- bunch, a bunch, da farkisanci ne a tsarin siyasa halin da hadin kai na mutane, da jam'iyyar da shugaban jam'iyyar da ke jihar. Wani abu saba, ya aikata ba haka ba?

Kuma cewa shi ne wanda ya kafa farkisanci, Benito Mussolini ne na farko da tsara gida da al'adu tare da mai son clubs, huta gidajensu da kuma sanatoriums ga ma'aikata. Wannan ya sa'an nan aro biyu Stalin da Hitler ...

To, lafiya, ba game da wannan. A Stalinist tattalin arzikin yana kurkuku kawai don soja samar, bisa ga mafi tsananin horo, domin, da kuma lokacin da "matsara ne gaji" zama inoperative. A bayanin kula daga dan Beriya, akwai bayanai da cewa riga Lavrenty Pavlovich shirya wani abu kamar wani sabuntawa da NEP, amma shi bai faru ba.

Nikita wasu sauye-sauye ma kwashe amma shi shied daga gefe zuwa gefe, a sakamakon da aka zarge shi da voluntarism. Amma duk da haka wasu da walwalar a fagen siyasa, mu da ake bin shi.

Ya yi cikinsa, kuma ya fara tsarin tattalin arziki da kuma Kosygin, da firayin ministan kasar karkashin Brezhnev. Ya unshi gagarumin raguwa a shirya Figures, da karuwa a tattalin arziki da 'yancin kai na Enterprises. Daga cikin kalmomi na wa-Kosygin Gvishiani, da sosai tabbatacce hali zuwa wannan nau'i na ikon mallakar, a matsayin hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanoni.

Amma 'yan adawa ga Brezhnev, Suslov da kuma sauran' yan Politburo Ba a yarda a gudanar da sauye-sauye.

Lalle ne waɗanda suka kirki hargowa na Soviet sau, imani da cewa a cikin wadannan shekaru shi ne daidai kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin shafuka na "Gaskiya", Ina bada shawara Googling "Diary of Yuriya Nagibina". Very nasara, ta yawo da Soviet gwamnatin marubuci kiyaye a diary domin kanka, ba fatan ɗaba'ar. Published by dangi bayan mutuwarsa riga a cikin nineties. Akwai wani sosai m kwatancin Aikin Gona na Rasha hinterland seventies.

Marubucin daga cikin wadannan Lines ya faru tun da eighties na ninetieth kunshi cikin CPSU, kuma kamar wata sau a jam'iyyar tarurruka su ji "rufaffiyar" (To. Yana da aka zaci cewa shi ne, ba don bare kunnuwa) da harafin na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU zuwa jam'iyyar members. A leitmotif na haruffa da aka guda: da tattalin arzikin a kan ta karshe kafafu. Duk da haka, abin kawai da cewa CC miƙa shi karfafa da zurfafa ...

Andropov zo ikon fara gwaji da kyautata na lada, amma sun kasance haka kananan, kuma da kalmar a ofishin Sakataren Janar haka short ...

Saboda haka, Gorbachev ya zo da iko, ba a fara canza wani abu. Ya kawai bai san yadda. A tamanin da shida Paris "Matin" Na buga wata kasida da ya rubuta cewa a 'yan shekaru da kuma fahimta pokumekat a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, cewa ban da kasuwar ya gyara, ba shi da wani sauran zabi. A bayyane yake cewa, "Pravda" da aka buga da wani fushi rebuff ...

Gorbachev kullum maimaita kamar Mantra, cewa dole ne mu tabbatar da tarihi abũbuwan amfãni daga gurguzanci, kaucewa wani ra'ayin da abin da suka kasance.

Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa ban da sharply fadowa a cikin kaka na tamanin da biyar farashin man, shi da kansa ya hana ko na vodka kasafin kudin, da suka fara zanga-barasa yaƙin neman zaɓe, kuma zuwa tsibi shirya ma "hanzarta kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba", tare da wani jiko na kudi mai yawa a cikin kayan, sakamakon unprecedented untwisted kumbura, qazanta a Soviet sau boye.

Watau, a m farashin kayayyakin jama'a da kansu bace. Kuma da dollar, wanda kudin more a cikin 86th a cikin baki kasuwar 4 rubles, a 90 ga watan da aka riga 20p., A watan Agusta, 91-go- 35p.

Kuma wani wuri a lokacin rani na tamanin da tara masana'antu kusan tsaya aiki. Akwai wani ihisani, da ruble ya ragu da kanta a matsayin hanyar biyan kudi, kamar duk ko SLE, ko barter.

Ba su zama da tushe ... A '91 marubucin yi aiki a co-op, ana yi ne daga wani bakin karfe tanki. Ba mu sayar da su ga rubles, ba su bukatar mu, ba su iya saya wani abu. A da damar musayar a gonaki na Leningrad yankin nama, qwai ...

A watan Nuwamba '91, a lokacin da Yeltsin nada firaministan kasar Gaidar, zinariya da kuma kudin ajiyar ketare Rasha bisa ga daban-daban kafofin ya 16- miliyan 50. rubles. M Figures ga sararin kasa.

Kuma dole in yi wani abu, kuma da sauri, ko kuma kasar da aka jiran da lalata da kuma yunwa.

Mataki na farko shine Gaidar ta walwalar na farashin, to sa ruble hanyar biyan kudi. Haka kuma, a cikin watanni shida da suka tsaya a ikon, Gaidar bai buga kudi, da hauhawar farashin kaya da aka ba. Dollar, wanda kudin a Janairu 92nd 120 p., A Yuni kudin 90R. Danna sake kunnawa, untwisted kumbura, wadda ta zo a cikin gwamnatin Chernomyrdin.

To, da kuma sayar da kamfanonin na Chubais karshe. A 91 ga watan masana'antu tsaya, sha'awa a samar da wani daya da. Don sake fara da shi, shi ne kawai ya cancanta ga mai shi.

Sayar for kudi zai nufin cewa dukiya zai tafi zuwa Yammacin kamfanonin da su irin kudi ba a can, suka bayyana daga baya a cikin tsakiyar nineties. Af, giya, taba, da yawa wasu sassa na abinci-masana'antu ne daidai da abin da ya faru: su sun tafi Yammacin kamfanoni. Amma yana kokarin muhimmanci masana'antun man fetur ya ba ta.

Shin shi mai kyau? .. A zaman kansa kamfanin sarrafawa da wani priori mafi alhẽri daga jihar. The ban sha'awa na jihar ne guda a matsayin cewa na zaman sobstvennika- cewa ya samu karin riba daga dukiyar da cewa jihar zai iya daukar fiye da haraji.

Ta yaya ne shi wuya yin hukunci. Tsarin jari-hujja a Rasha da aka je, a cikin shugabanci na gaba shekara takwas. Amma a cikin wadannan shekaru sun kasance musamman low farashin man. A lõkacin da suka yi girma, sai suka fara wani yunkuri zuwa ga baya nationalization na tattalin arziki, da dawowar zuwa jihar dukiya, samar da gos.korporatsy.

Ko da yake abin da muke da shi a yau a kan sirri view ne mafi alhẽri daga cikin Soviet sau. Next, godiya ga tattalin arzikin, kuma har yanzu muna tako. Babban abu zai zama don matsawa gaba, ba baya ...