Matsalolin muhalli a tundra zone. Abin da ake yi don kiyaye da na halitta wuri?

Tundra - halitta yanki, ba dama su faranta ido tare da lush ciyayi. Yana iya kawai ci gaba da live kwayoyin saba da yanayi mai wahala da. A cikin 'yan shekaru, matsalolin muhalli sun zama aggravated a tundra zone, unrecognizable canji fuskar yankin. Tasowa da masana'antun ciro, sufuri da aiki masana'antu. Muhalli kungiyoyi da muhalli da damuwa game da canje-canje faruwa, mai wahala halin da ake ciki na Arctic Circle.

Features na tundra matsayin halitta yanki

Northern treeless yankin tare da wani predominance na gansakuka da lichen kara a kan gaba da kuma tsibiran a ɓangare na Arctic Ocean. Babban bayãnin hukuncin fasalulluka na wannan halitta yanki - matsananci sauyin yanayi da kuma rashin gandun daji. A tundra amfani matashin kai girma shuke-shuke da m tushen tsarin. Summer narke bakin ciki surface Layer ne matalauta a humus gona, kara a kasa da permafrost.

Relief a tundra ne bambancin: sararin filayen kwari cike da koyaswa tuddai. A yanayin da surface iya zama peaty, stony ko marshy. A da na fi Arewacin Urals da kuma kara zuwa gabas dutsen tundra na kowa.

A matsananci yanayi na tundra

Sayayye cikin wannan halitta yankin suna gudanar daga 6 zuwa 8 watanni na shekara. Spring tare da wani yawa na hasken rana da zafi yanayi a iyakacin duniya rana bai isa ba. Summer aka kawo karshen ewa ba, a watan Agusta riga ya fara mummunan yanayi, ruwan sama da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. Kusan lokaci guda tare da hunturu iyakacin duniya dare zai fara, tsowon lokacin har zuwa watanni shida. Rana ba ya bayyana a sama da sararin sama, amma a lokacin da rana akwai wani lokaci reminiscent na magariba, da sama ne a bayyane m gudana daga alfijiri. Matsalolin muhalli a tundra da kasa da ya yi tare da tsananin daga cikin sauyin yanayi, amma tare da yanayin da shigewa. A bakin ciki Layer na kasar gona sauƙi halakar da caterpillars duk-ƙasa ƙafafun da skids zuwa wasu halaye na sufuri. Take hakkin da tushen tsarin take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa na shuke-shuke.

Features ciyayi

Mafi yawan Flora a kan tundra up matashin kai, ko da wani rarrafe fom - su suna guga man zuwa cikin ƙasa mai tushe da kuma ganye. Yana da sauki don kula da vegetative gabobin karkashin wani bakin ciki bargo na dusar ƙanƙara da tsananin iska. Mutane da yawa matsalolin muhalli a tundra zone saboda gaskiyar cewa ci gaba, ilimi, da 'ya'yan itace da tsaba dace da kawai 2 months short bazara. Flowering shuke-shuke da daidaita. Wasu switched zuwa vegetative yaduwa, wasu riƙe da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara har badi. Na farko zaži ƙwarai qara chances na rayuwa juyin jinsunan. Lokacin da vegetative yaduwa ne ba matsala saboda rashin yiwuwar pollination na furanni da kwari ko wasu dabbobi.

A tundra akwai itatuwa da kuma shrubs, su ma sawu. Mafi sau da yawa kananan gandun daji na iyakacin duniya Willow, Dwarf Birch girma tare da bankunan na gudãna inda ƙasa ne mafi alhẽri thaws. A tundra nau'o'in Berry bushes (cranberries, blueberries, cloudberries, cranberries).

matsaloli tundra

A mahimmin juzu'in da tundra ta'allaka ne a kan teku, amma shuke-shuke suna kullum rashin danshi. Hazo a cikin wannan yanki da dama a kan talakawan 200 ml / shekara, yawanci a cikin nau'i na bazara ruwan sama. Ruwan sanyi aka talauci tunawa da tushen da shuke-shuke, a Bugu da kari, shi ba ya zuba a cikin ƙasa na permafrost. A low yanayin zafi, da kuma adadi kaɗan na hazo lura da wuce haddi hydration, wanda exacerbates da muhalli matsaloli a tundra.

A dukan wuraren da akwai ruwa gizo, impairs oxygen wadata na karkashin kasa da shuka gabobin. Kafa tundra gley gona - musamman irin substrate tare da kadan humus abun ciki da kuma babban adadin danshi. Da hallakar da ƙasa da ciyayi zama poorer. Animals suna tilasta su yawon tsawon nisa ko mutuwa daga yunwa.

Adanar lambobi a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa na tundra

Bari mu ba da wani kankare misali domin ya nuna dangantaka tsakanin halitta sinadaran a cikin tundra. Daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da kwayoyin a cikin wannan yankin da aka kullum cinye "reindeer gansakuka". Wannan shi ne yafi reindeer gansakuka, wanda nufin da lichen HALITTAR cladonia. Tare da rage daga cikin yankin sun shagaltar da su unsa wasu matsalolin muhalli a tundra zone. Deer ciyar a kan gansakuka, Munã rage ta kewayo na da mummunan tasiri a kan yawan matsayi na daban-daban dabbobi. Plantation reindeer gansakuka keta a karafa, aikin gina hanya, na zama wuraren da masana'antu da shuke-shuke. Mun jera babban matsaloli a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa na tundra tare da mutum baki:

• ƙasa tashin hankali.
• asarar rabe-raben.
• Gurbacewar yanayi a sakamakon hakar albarkatun kasa;
• jari na iyali da kuma masana'antu tõzarta.
• overgrazing a kan reindeer makiyãyarta.
• impoverishment na fauna a sakamakon farautar.

Don ajiye tundra gabatar hani a kan dabbõbin barewa, muhalli gani da shi cewa garke aka distilled a lokaci zuwa wasu yankunan. A lokacin shiri na man fetur da kuma iskar gas bututun da ake dauka don kara yawan hankula shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Akwai gwagwarmaya da farautar, wanda rayayye shiga cikin ma'aikatan tundra reserves da huruminsa. An dauka karkashin kariyar rare da miyagun Flora da fauna.